THE 


SAGA 


^/alther   of  Aquitaine 


BV 


MARION     DEXTER     LEARNED,    PhD 


ASSOCIATE  IN  USKMAN  AT  THE  JOHNS  HOPKINS  UNIVERSITY. 


BALTIMORE : 

Published  by  the  mod.  lang,  association  of  America 

1892. 


6^0  1)  u 


1 


PREFACE. 

npHE  present  edition  of  the  Walther  Saga  is  the  first  attempt 
to  offer  in  complete  form  all  the  surviving  episodes  ot  the 
Saga.  The  point  of  view  and  method  of  treatment  are  his- 
torical from  first  to  last.  The  texts  of  the  versions  have  been 
arranged  in  chronological  order  so  as  to  present  the  Saga  in  its 
transmitted  form.  The  aim  of  the  treatment  is  to  set  forth  the 
historical  elements  and  setting  of  the  Saga,  and  thus  rescue  it 
from  vague,  mythical  interpretations.  If  order  is  ever  to  be 
brought  out  of  chaos  in  the  interpretation  of  Saga  and  Myth,  it 
must  be  done  by  keeping  in  view  the  historical  background, 
and  by  close  adherence  to  the  historical  method.  Indeed,  both 
myth  and  saga  express  in  some  form  actual  events, — the  one  in 
the  realm  of  natural  phenomena,  the  other  in  that  of  historical 
occurrences. 

In  reproducing  such  a  great  variety  of  texts  it  has  been 
necessary,  in  some  cases,  to  make  typographical  substitutions, 
particularly  in  the  Polish  texts.  The  author,  therefore,  begs  thf 
indulgence  of  those  whose  eye  may  be  otfended  by  the  liberty- 
taken  with  the  customary  Polish  characters,  which  could  not  be 
obtained  at  the  time  (cf  note  on  page  no).  The  few  cases 
in  which  possible  confusion  might  arise  are  the  following : 
genitive  feminine'  forms  (including  those  used  adverbially), 
which  readers  of  Polish  will  readily  recognize. 

The  author  makes  grateful  acknowledgement  to  those  who 
have  rendered  assistance  in  the  preparation  of  the  work  :  to  Dr. 
Uhler,  of  the  Peabody  Library ;  Dr.  Kiernan,  of  the  Harvard 
Library;  Professor  Palmer  (now  of  Yale  University)  and  Dr.. 
Warren,  of  Adelbert  College  (Scherer  Library) ;  Dr.  Hench, 
of  the  University  of  Michigan,  who  copied  a  part  ot  the  Old 


iv  PREP  A  CE. 

Norse  text ;  Professor  Creiznach,  of  the  University  of  Cracovia, 
who  kindly  furnished  a  copy  of  the  Polish  texts ;  Dr.  Shefloe,  of 
the  Woman's  College  of  Baltimore,  who  read  the  proof-sheets  of 
the  Old  Swedish  texts. 

Special  thanks  are  due  to  Dr.  Hermann  Schoenfeld,  who  has 
carefully  read  the  Polish  proof-sheets  ;  to  Dr.  James  W.  Bright, 
who  read  the  Anglo-Saxon  proof-sheets,  and  offered  many 
helpful  suggestions  :  to  Professor  A.  Marshall  Elliott  for  sug- 
gestions touching  the  typography  of  the  work ;  and  to  Dr. 
Henry  Wood,  whose  interest  and  judgment  in  this,  as  in  the 
earlier  work  of  the  author,  have  been  an  unfailing  source  of 
encouragement  and  help. 

Marion  Dexter  Learned. 

Johns  Hopkins  Univbrsity, 

Baltimorb,  Md.,  April  /,  t8q2. 


CONTENTS. 

Page. 

Prepack iii-iv 

Versions  of  the  Saga i-i2y 

i.  Waldere  Fragments  (VVF) 3-4 

ii.  VValtharius  (VV) 5-43 

iii.  Chronicon  Novaliciense  (NC) 44-61 

iv.  Walther  und  Hildegunde 62-63 

V.  Nibelungenlied  (NI) 64 

vi.  Graz  Fragment  (GF) 65-66 

vii.   Vienna  Fragment  (VF) 67-72 

viii.  Biterolf  und   Dietleib  (BD) 73-''^2 

i.x.  Alpharts  Tod  (AT) ^i-^A 

X.  Ro.sengarten • S5-08 

Der  Grose  Rósengarte  (R) ^b-'^l 

Rosengarten  Fragments  (RF  i.  2) 87-88 

-xi.  Dietrichs  Flucht  (DF) 89-90 

xii.  Rabenschlacht  (Rs) 91-92 

xii.  Thidrekssaga ; 93-104 

Old  Norse  Version  (Ths) 93-100 

Old  Swedish  Version  (OS) i(X)-io4 

(Hlod  and  Angantheow's  Lay 104) 

xiv.  Boguphali  Chronicon  (ßC) 105-109 

XV.  Paprocki  (P) 110-113 

xvi.  Bielski  (B) 1 14-1 1 5 

xvii.  Niesiecki  (N). . .' 11 6- 11 7 

xviii.  Procosius 118 

.xix.  Wójcicki  (Woj) 119-122 

Appendix     i  (Von  dem  übelen  wibe) 123 

"  ii  (Chanson  de  Roland) 124-126 

"         iii  (Rolandslied) 127-129 


vi  CONTENTS.     ' 

Page. 

Origin  and  Development  of  the  Walther  Saga 131-195 

1.  Elements  of  the  Saga 131-175 

1.  Analysis  of  the  Saga 131-156 

2.  Historical  Elements  of  the  Saga 157-165 

3.  Legendary  Elements  of  the  Saga 166-175 

2.  Relation  of  the  Versions 176-195 

1.  Original  Form  of  the  Saga 176-181 

2.  Later  Versions  of  the  Saga i82-i«7 

3.  VValther  of  Aquitaine 1S8-195 

Bibliography 198-201 

Index 203-205 

Errata 207-208 


PUBLICATIONS 


Modern  Lanouaae  Association  of  America 

o        o 


Vol.   vii.  1892.  No.    I. 

VERSIONS  OF  THE  WALTHER   SAGA.  ^ 

The  Saga  of  Walther  of  Aquitaine,  or  of  Walther  and  Hilde- 
gunde,  is  preserved  in  a  variety  of  versions :  Anglo-Saxon, 
Latin,  Middle  High  German,  Old  Norse,  Polish,  all  but  one  of 
which  (Waltharius)  are  brief  or  fragmentary  in  their  present 
form.  The  original  texts  of  these  various  versons  are  repro- 
duced in  the  following  pages  in  chronological  order,  so  as  to 
present  the  Saga  in  its  transmitted  form  which  may  ser\'e  as  a 
basis  for  historical  treatment. 

In  reprinting  the  original  texts  of  the  Saga  the  best  estab- 
lished texts  have  been  selected,  and  only  such  variant  readings 
given  as  were  deemed  necessary  for  the  purpose  in  -  hand. 
Other  variants  affecting  the  form  of  the  Saga  are  referred  to  in 
the  discussions  which  follow  the  texts. 

The  probable  chronological  order  of  the  versions  is  the  fol- 
lowing : 

1.  Waldere,  or  the  Au2,lo-Saxon  Waldere  Fragments,  consisting  of 
two  leaves,  the  MS.  of  which  belongs  to  the  ninth  century. 

2.  Waltharius,  a  Latin  poem  in  hexameters  composed,  in  its  original 
form,  by  Ekkehard  I,  of  St.  Gall,  about  920-930. 

3.  Chronicon  Novalicicnsc,  chapters  vii-xiii,  of  the  eleventli  cen- 
tury. 

4.  Walther  und  Hildcgunde,  a  poem  l)y  Walther  von  der  \'ügel- 
weide,  containing  an  evident  reference  to  the  WaUher  Saga,  of  tlie' 
end  of  the  twelfth  century. 

5.  Nibelicngen  Lied  (Zarncke  268,  3;  274,  4;  35S,  2)  of  tlie  end  of 
the  twelfth,  or  beginning  of  the  thirteenth  century. 


2  IVy^  L  THER  OF  AOL  Y  TA  INE. 

6.  The  Graz  Fragment  oi  Walther,  the  remains  of  a  Middle  Higii 
German  poem  of  the  thirteentli  century. 

7.  The  Vietiiia  Frag»ieiit  <ji\\a.\\.\\ftr  und  Hildegunde,  the  remains 
of  a  Middle  High  German  poem,  written  in  a  variation  of  the  Nibelun- 
gen strophe,  in  the  thirteenth  century. 

8.  Biterolf  und  Dietleib,  a  Middle  High  German  Epic  of  the  first 
half  of  the  thirteenth  century. 

9.  Alpharts  Tod,  a  Middle  High  German  epic,  of  about  the  middle 
of  the  thirteenth  century, 

10.  Rosengarten,  a  Middle  High  German  poem  belonging,  proba- 
bly, to  the  second  half  of  the  thirteenth  century. 

11.  Dietrichs  Flucht,  a  Middle  High  German  Epic  of  the  second 
half  of  the  thirteenth  century. 

12.  Rabensc/itac/it,  of  about  the  same  time.  Both  of  the  last-named 
poems  were  written,  according  to  Martin,  by  Heinrich  der  \'ogler, 
not  long  after  12S2. 

13.  Thidrekssaga,  or  Wilkina§aga,  an  Old  Norse  prose  Saga  of  the 
end  of  the  thirteenth  century.  This  Saga  was  later  translated  into 
Swedish  and  Latin  ;  compare  Peringskiold's  edition  of  1715,  where  the 
three  texts,  Old  Norse,  Swedish  and  Latin,  are  printed  together.' 

14.  Bognphali  Chronicon,  the  Latin  Chronicle  attributed  to  Bishop 
Boguphalus  (t  1253)  of  Posen.  In  its  revised  form  it  constitutes  the 
Great  Polish  Chronicle  of  the  fourteenth  century.     Bielowski,  2,  siofif. 

15.  B.  Paprocki,  Herby  Rycerstwa  Polskiego.  Krakau,  15S4.  p. 
Sff. 

16.  Joachim  Bielski,  Kronika  of  1597  (cf.  Heinzel  s.  52).  An  edition 
of  this  chronicle  appeared,  doubtless,  as  early  as  1550,  possibly  in 
1534  (cf.  Heinzel  s.  53  An,)    Turowski 's  Edition  (1856)  i,  175  ff. 

17.  K.  Niesiecki    (11744)).     Korona  Polska.     1743.     4,  365  f. 

18.  Procositis,  Chronicon  Slavo-Sarmaticum,  belonging  to  the 
eighteenth  century.     Edition  of  1827,  p.  109,  i28f. 

19.  Wójcicki,  Klechdy  Starożytne  Podania  i  Powieści  Ludowe.  I. 
32-42,  1851. 


I  For  possible  further  reminiscence  of  the  Walther  Saga  in  Old  Norse,  compare  Hlod  and 

Angantheow  Lay  and  the  Gunlaug  Saga.     ('Corpus   Poeticum   Boreale,' i,  348  ff;   565  ff.  ii 

50s  ff.) 


WALDERE.* 

A. 

(  P)     hyrde    hyne   georne. 

hum     Welandes       geworc  ne  geswice;y 
mo  una     ^eniguni       /?ara  ^^e  Mi  mining  can 
hearne  gehealdan.     oft  aet  hilde  gedreas 
5     swatfag   and   sweordwund         sec  aefter  orTrum. 
^-Etlan  ordwyga,         ne  het  p\n  eilen  nu  gyt 
gcdreosan  to  dsege,         dryhtscipe  ( feallan)  ! 

nu  is  se  d^eg  cumen, 

/>aet  i^u  scealt  aninga  orfer  twega, 

I  o     lif  forleosan  o^rJe  lange  dom 

agan  mid  eldum,         ^Ifheres  sunu, 
nalles  ic  fle,  wine  min,         wordum  cide, 
rTy  ic  ^e  gesavve  aet  rJaem  sweordplegan 

rTurh  edwitscype  weniges  monnes 

15     wig  forbugan  o^tfe  on  weal  fleon, 

lice  beorgan,       <^eah  pe  la^ra  fela 
dinne  byrn  (I'O  homon  billum  heowun. 

ac  ^u  synile  fur^or  feohtan  sohtest 

mael  ofer  mearce :  ?fy  ic  ?fe  metod  ondred, 

20    pset  ^u  fyrenlice  feohtan  sohtest 

Let  i^Rin  aetstealle,  Oi^res  monnes 

wigraedenne.  weor^^a  ^e  selfne 

godum  daedum,         (senden  ^in  god  recce, 
ne  murn  ^u  for  di  mece :  ^e  wear^T  matnia  cyst 

25     gifede  to  eoce  unc.  rfy  ?fu  Gu^here  scealt 

beot  forbigan,  (Jaes  <Te  he  rJas  beaduwe  ongan 

mid  unryhte  aerest  secan. 

forsoc  he  ^am  swurde  and  ^am  syncfatum, 

beaga  menigo:  nu  sceal  beaga  leas 


6  .Etla  et'/M  iiaces  of  an  n  ///  MS.  K.— 8  nu  B.,  K.,  Ac  Gr.  W.— 
14  e^  wit  K. — 19  nićeles  B. — 21  set^am  K. — 25  %\xd  here  K. 

*  The  text  is  reprinted  from  Wijlcker's  critical  edition  of  Grein,  with  emendations  and 
Additions  from    the  new  collation   of   Ki  I  jing  {Englische   Studien   v,  340  f.;    292  f.).     Cf. 

variants  noted  below  the  text. 


WALTHER   OF  AQUITAINE. 

30     hworfan  from  ^isse  bilde,           hlafurd  secan 
ealdne  etel,           o5^e  her  aer  swefan, 
gif  he  S'a 


B. 

(2»)  ce  b^teran 

buton  rTam  anum^  rJe  ic  eac  hafa, 

on  stanfate  stille  gehided, 

ic  wat  p-stX.  hit  flöhte  Seodric  Widian 

5     selfum  önsendon  and  eäc  sine'  mićel 

ma3'ma  mid  ^i  męce,  -monig  o^res  mid  him 

golde  gegirwan,  iulean  genam, 

/>aes  ^e '  hine  of  nearwum  Ni^hades  maeg, 

Welandes  bearn,  Widia  ut  forlet : 

IG     rTurh  fifela  gefeald  forj  onette. 

Waldere  ma^Telode,  vviga  ellenrof 

hsefde  bim  on  handa  hildefromre 

gu^billa  gripe,  gyddode  wordum  : 

hwaet,  f7u  huru  wendest,         '  wine  Burgenda, 

15     /?aet  me  Hagenan  band  bilde  gefremede 

and  getvvaemde  feS'ewigges :  feta,  gyf  (^u  dyrre, 
aet  ^us  hea^ruwerigan  bare  by r nan. 

Stande 7  me  her  on  eaxelum  ^Ifberes  laf, 

god  and  geapneb,      golde  geweorjod, 

20     ealles  unscende  seS^elinges  reaf 

to  habbanne,  r5'onne  hand  were?? 

feorhhord  feondum.  he  bi^'  fah  wi^?  me, 

/>onne  .  .  .  unmaegas  eft  ongynna??, 

mecum  gemeta^  swa  ge  me  dydon. 

25     rTeah  maeg  sige  syllan  se  d^  symle  by5' 

recen  and  raedfest  ryhta  gehwilces : 

se  ?e  him  to  «Jam  halgan  helpe  gelifeS', 

to  gode  gioce,  he  /paer  gearo  finder, 

gif  (Ta  earnunga  aer  ge^ence^' ; 

30    /jonne  moten  wlanc           welan  britnian, 
aehtum  wealdan,  j?aet  is 


I  me  before  ce  St. — 7  iu  lean  genam  K. — 10  not  certain  -uliether 
feald  óTsteald  K. — 12  B,  K.  reads  a  stroke  over  o  ;  hildefrofre  D.,  R., 
Gr.  \V.  bilde  fröre  MS.— 19  ge  vveor^od  K. — 21  had  MS.  (Heinzel).— 
22  lie  St.,  K.;  ne  Gr.  W.  ;  heo  Heinzel. — 24  ge  metarJ^  K.; — 26  recon 
St.;  recen  R.;  reccend  D.  Gr. — 27  Sef^^e  K.;  ge  life3'  K. 


II. 

WALTHARIUS.* 


POESIS    GF.RALDI    DE    GUALTARIO.f 


Omnipotens  genitor,  summae  uirtutis  amator, 
lure  pari  natusque  amborum  spiritus  almus, 
Personis  trinus,  uera  deitate  sed  unu5, 
Qui  uita  uiuens  cuncta  et  sine  fine  tenebis, 
5     Pontińceni  summum  tu  salua  nunc  et  in  aeuum 
Claro  Erchamboldum  fulgentem  nomine  dignum, 
Crescat  ut  interius  sancto  spiramine  plenus, 
Multis  infictum  quo  sit  medicamen  in  aeuum. 
Praesul  sancte  dei  nunc  accipe  munera  serui, 

I  o     Quae  tibi  decreuit  de  larga  promere  cura 
Peccator  fragilis  Geraldus  nomine  uilis, 
Qui  tibi  nam  certus  corde  estque  fidelis  alumnus. 
Quod  precibus  dominum  iugiter  precor  omnitonantem, 
Ut  nanciscaris  factis,  quae  promo  loquelis, 

15     Det  pater  ex  summis  caelum  terramque  gubernans. 
Serue  dei  summi,  ne  despice  uerba  libelli, 
Non  canit  alma  dei,  resonat  sed  mira  tyronis. 
Nomine  Waltharii,  per  proelia  multa  resecti. 
Ludendum  magis  est,  dominum  quam  sit  rogitandum  ; 

20     Perlectus  longe  aim  stringit  in  ampla  diei. 
Sis  felix  sanctus  per  tempora  plura  sacerdos, 
Sit  tibi  mente  tua  Geraldus  carus  adelphus. 


*A  thoroughly  satisfactory  edition  of  the  '  Waltharius'  is  yet  a  desideratum.  The  text 
given  here  is  that  of  Scheffel-Holder  (1874),  and  the  only  liberty  taken  with  it  is  the  printing 
of  u  for  e'  and  the  introduction  of  slight  changes  in  punctuation.  V'ariants  of  Peiper's 
readings  compared  with  those  of  Scheffel-Holder,  are  found  below  the  text  here  presented. 

f  Icipit  poesis  geraldi  de  gualtario  B. 


WALTHER  OF  AQUITAINE. 

T^ERTIA  pars  orbis,  fratres,  Europa  uocatur 
"*■       Moribus  ac  unguis  uarias  et  nomine  gentes 
Distinguens  cultu,  tum  relligione  sequestrans. 
Inter  quas  gens  Pannoniae  residere  probatur 
5     Quam  tarnen  et  Hunos  plerumque  uocare  solemus. 
Hie  populus  Ibrtis  uirtute  uigebat  et  armis 
Non  circum  positas  solum  domitans  regiones, 
Litoris  oceani  sed  pertransiuerat  oras 
Foedera  supplicibus  donans  sternensque  rebelies  : 
lo     Ultra  millenos  fertur  dominarier  annos. 

Attila  rex  quodam  tulit  illud  tempore  regnum 
Impiger  antiquos  sibimet  renouare  triumphos. 
Qui  sua  castra  mouens  mandauit  uisere  Francos, 
Quorum  rex  Gibicho  solio  pollebat  in  alto 
15     Prole  recens  orta  gaudens  quam  postea  narro : 

Namque  marem  genuit  quem  Guntharium  uocitauit. 

Fama  uolans  pauidi  regis  transuerberat  aures 
Dicens  hostilem  cuneum  transire  per  Histrum, 
Uincentem  numero  Stellas  atque  amnis  harenas. 
20     Qui  non  confidens,  armis  uel  robore  plebis 
Concilium  cogit,  quae  sint  facienda  requirit. 
Consensere  omnes  :  foedus  debere  precari 
Et  dextras,  si  forte  darent,  coniungere  dextris 
Obsidibusque  datis  censum  persoluere  iussum. 
25     Hoc  melius  fore  quam  uitam  simul  ac  regionem 
Perdiderint  natosque  suos  pariterque  maritas. 

Nobilis  hoc  Hagano  fuerat  sub  tempore  tyro 
Indolis  egregiae  ueniens  de  germine  Troiae. 
Hunc,  quia  Guntharius  nondum  peruenit  ad  aeuuni, 
30     Ut  sine  matre  queat  uitam  retinere  tenellam, 
Cum  gaza  ingenti  decernunt  mittere  regi. 
Nee  mora,  legati  censum  iuüenemque  ferentes 
Deueniunt  pacemque  rogant  ac  foedera  firmant. 
Tempore  (juo  ualidis  steterat  Burgundia  sceptris 
35     Cuius  primatum  Heriricus  forte  gerebat. 

Filia  huic  tantum  fuit  unica  nomine  Hiltgunt 
Nobilitate  quidem  pijllens  ac  stemmate  formae. 
Debuit  haec  heres  aula  residere  paterna 
Atque  diu  congesta  frui,  si  forte  liceret. 

i9Hrenas  V. — 2olongaeui  V. — 37  scemate  P. 


WAf.THER  OF  AQriTAINE. 

40  huiKiue  Aiiares  firiiia  cum  Francis  pace  pt-racta 

Suspeiidunt  a  fine  quideni  regionis  eoruni. 
Altila  sed  celeres  mox  hue  deflectit  habenas 
Nee  tardant  reliqui  satrapae  uestij^ia  adire. 
Ibant  aequati  nuniero,  sed  et  ay^mine  lonijo, 

45     Quadrupeduni  cursu  tellus  ct)ncussa  ui^emebat. 
Scutoruni  sonitu  pauidus  superintonat  aether. 
Ferrea  silua  niicat  totos  rutilando  per  agros : 
Hand  aliter,  primo  quam  pulsans  aequora  mane 
Pulcher  in  extremis  renitet  sol  partibus  orbis. 

50     lamque  Ararini  Rodanumque  amnes  transiuerat  altos 
Atque  ad  praedandum  cuneus  dispergitur  oninis. 

Forte  Cauilloni  sedit  Heririciis.  et  ecce 
Attollens  oculos  speculator  uociferatur  : 
'  Quaenam  condenso  consurgit  puluere  nubes  ? 

53     Uis  inimica  uenit,  portas  iam  claudite  cunctas." 
lam  turn  quid  Franci  fecissent  ipse  sciebat 
Princeps  et  cunctos  conpellat  sic  seniores  : 
'  Si  gens  tam  fortis  cui  nos  similare  nequimus, 
Cessit  Pannoniae.  qua  nos  uirtute  piitatis 

60     Huic  conferre  nianum  et  patriam  defendere  dulcem  ? 
Est  satius,  pactum  faciant  censumque  capessant. 
Unica  nata  mihi  quam  tradere  pro  regione 
Non  dubito  :  tantum  pergant  qui  foedera  hrment.' 
Ibant  legati  totis  gladiis  spoHati, 

65     Hostibus  insinuant  quod  regis  iussio  mandat : 
Ut  cessent  uastare,  rogant.     quos  Attila  ductor 
Ut  solitus  fuerat,  blande  suscepit  et  inquit : 
'  Foedera  plus  cupio  quam  proelia  mittere  uulgo. 
Pace  quidem  Huni  malunt  regnare,  sed  armis 

70     Inuiti  feriunt  quos  cernunt  esse  rebelles. 

Rex  ad  nos  ueniens  pacem  det  atque  resumat.' 

Exiuit  princeps  asportans  innumeratos 
Thesauros  pactumque  ferit  natamque  relinquit. 
Pergit  in  exilium  pulcherrima  gemma  parentum. 

75         Postquam  complćuit  pactum  statuitque  tributum, 
Attila  in  occiduas  promouerat  agmina  partes. 
Namque  Aquitanorum  tunc  Alphere  regna  tenebat 
Quern  sobolem  sex  us  narrant  habuisse  uirilis 


57  compellat  P. — 62  mihi  est  P.— 71  pacemy«*?  P. 


WAL  TH  ER  OF  AQUITAINE. 

Nomine  Waltharium  primeuo  flore  nitentem. 

80     Nam  iuöiurandum  Heriricus  et  Alphere  reges 
Inter  se  dederant,  pueros  quod  consociarent, 
Cum  primum  tempus  nubendi  uenerit  illis. 
Hie  ubi  cognouit  gentes  has  esse  domatas, 
Coeperat  ingenti  cordis  trepidare  pauore. 

85     Nee  iam  spes  fuerat  saeuis  defendier  armis. 

'  Quid  cessemus  '  ait,  '  si  bella  mouere  nequimus  ? 
Exemplum  nobis  Burgundia,  Francia  donant. 
Non  incusamur,  si  talibus  aequiperamur. 
Legatus  mitto  foedusque  ferire  iubebo 

90     Obsidis  inque  uicem  dilectum  porrigo  natum 
Et  iam  nunc  Hunis  censum  persoluo  futurum.' 
Sed  quid  plus  remorer  ?  dictum  compleuerat  actis. 
Tunc  Auares  gazis  onerati  denique  multis 
Obsidibus  sumptis  Haganone  Hiltgunde  puella 

95     Nee  non  Walthario  redierunt  pectore  laeto. 

Attila  Pannonias  ingressus  et  urbe  receptus 
Exulibus  pueris  magnam  exhibuit  pietatem 
Ac  ueluti  proprios  nutrire  iubebat  heredes. 
[\/firginis  et  curam  reginam  mandat  habere.] 
100     Ast  adolescentes  propriis  conspectibus  ambos 
Semper  adesse  iubet,  sed  et  artibus  imbuit  illos 
Praesertimque  iocis  belh  sub  tempore  habendis. 


^^i.A^YAAf'V  l/  /'Qui  simul  ingenio  crescentes  mentis  et  aeuo 


tc^uuvftCi  f    Robore  uincebant  fortes  animoque.sophistas, 

105     Donec  iam  cunctos  superarent  fortiter  Hunos. 
Militiae  primos  tunc  Attila  fecerat  illos, 
Sed  haud  inmerito,  quoniam,  si  quando  moueret 
Bella,  per  insignes  isti  micuere  triumphos. 
Idcircoque  nimis  princeps  dilexerat  ambos. 
rio     Uirgo  etiam  captiua  deo  praestante  supremo 
Reginae  uultum  placauit  et  auxit  amorem 
Moribus  eximiis  operumque  industria  habundans. 
Postremum  custos  thesauris  prouida  cunctis 
Efhcitur  modicumque  deest,  quin  regnet  et  ipsa, 
1 15     Nam  quicquid  uoluit,  de  rebus  fecit  et  actis. 
Interea  Gibicho  defungitur  ipseque  regno 
Guntharius  successit  et  ilico  Pannoniarum 


79  primaeuo  P. — 109  illos  P. 


IVA  L  TH  ER  OF  A  Q  VI  TA  INE. 

Foedera  dissoluit  censumquc  subire  negauit. 
Hoc  ubi  iam  primum  Hayano  cognouerat  exul, 

I20     Nocte  fugam  molitur  et  ad  dominum  properauit. 
Waltharius  tarnen  ad  pugnas  praecesserat  Hunos 
Et  quocumque  iret.  mox  prospera  sunt  comitata. 

Ospirin  elapsum  Haganonem  regia  coniunx 
Attendens  domino  suggessit  talia  dicta  : 

125     '  Prouideat  caueatque  precor  sollertia  regis, 
Ne  uestri  imperii  labatur  forte  columna, 
Hoc  est,  Waltharius  uester  discedat  amicus 
in  quo  magne  potestatis  uis  extitit  huius : 
Nam  uereor,  ne  fors  fugiens  Haganonem  imitetur. 

130     Idcircoque  meam  perpendite  nunc  rationem  : 
Cum  primum  ueniat,  haec  illi  dicite  uerba : 
"Seruitio  in  nostro  magnos  plerumque  labores 
Passus  eras  ideoque  scias,  quod  gratia  nostra 
Prae  cunctis  temet  nimium  dilexit  amicis. 

135     Quod  uolo  plus  factis  te  quam  cognoscere  dictis: 
Elige  de  satrapis  nuptam  tibi  Pannoniarum 
Et  non  pauperiem  propriam  perpendere  eures. 
Amplificabo  quidem  *  *  te  rure  domique 
Nee  quisquam,  qui  dat  sponsam,  post  facta  pudebit." 

140     Quod  si  completis,  illum  stabilire  potestis.' 
Complacuit  sermo  regi  coepitque  parari. 

Waltharius  uenit :  cui  princeps  talia  pandit 
Uxorem  suadens  sibi  ducere,  sed  tarnen  ipse 
lam  tum  praemeditans  quod  post  compleuerat  actis, 

145     Inuestiganti  his  suggestibus  obuius  infit : 

'  Uestra  quidem  pietas  est,  quod  modici  famulatus 
Causam  conspicitis.     sed  quod  mea  sergia,  mentis 
Intuitu,  fertis,  numquam  meruisse  ualerem. 
Sed  precor,  ut  serui  capiatis  uerba  fidelis : 

150     Si  nuptam  accipiam  domini  praecepta  secundum, 
Uinciar  in  primis  curis  et  amore  puellae 
Atque  a  seruitio  regis  plerumque  retardor. 
Aedificare  domos  cultumque  intendere  ruris 
Cogor  et  hoc  oculis  senioris  adesse  moratur 

155     Et  solitam  regno  Hunorum  impendere  curam. 
Namque  uoluptatem  quisquis  gustauerit,  exin 

1C3  coniux  P. — 138  donis  P. 


I  o  WAL  THER  OF  A  O  U  ITA  INE. 

Intolerabilius  consueuit  ferre  labores. 

Nil  tam  dulce  mihi,  quam  semper  inesse  fideli 

Obsequio  domini :  quare  precor  absque  iugali 

i6o     Me  uinclo  permitte  meam  iam  ducere  uitam. 
Si  sero  aut  medio  noctis  mihi  tempore  mandas, 
Ad  quaecumque  iubes  securus  et  ibo  paratus. 
In  bellis  nullae  persuadent  cedere  curae 
Nee  nati  aut  coniunx  retrahentque  fugamque  mouebunt. 

165     Testor  per  propriam  temet  pater  optime  uitam 
Atque  per  inuictam  nunc  gentem  Pannoniarum, 
Ut  non  ulterius  me  cogas  sumere  taedas.' 
His  precibus  uictus  suasus  rex  deserit  omnes 
Sperans  Walthariurri  fugiendo  recedere  numquam. 

170         Uenerat  interea  satrapae  certissimä  fama 

Quandam  quae  nuper  superata  resistere  gentem 
Ac  bellum  Hunis  confestim  inferre  paratam. 

Tunc  ad  Waltharium  conuertitur  actio  rerum  : 
Qui  mox  militiam  percensuit  ordine  totam 

175     Et  bellatorum  confortat  corda  suorum 

Hortans  praeteritos  semper  memorare  ti'iumphos 
Promittensque  istos  solita  uirtute  tyrannos 
Sternere  et  externis  terrorem  imponere  terris. 

Nee  mora,  consurgit  sequiturque  exercitus  omnis. 

180     Ecce  locum  pugnae  conspexerat  etnumeratam 
Per  latos  äciem  campos  digessit  et  agros. 
lamque  infra  iactum  teli  congressus  uterque 
Constiterat  cuneus  :  tunc  undique  clamor  ad  auras 
Tollitur,  horrendam  confundunt  classica  uocem 

185     Continuoque  hastae  uolitant  hinc  indequc  densae. 
Fraxinus  et  cornus  ludum  miscebat  in  unum 
Fulminis  inque  modiim  cuspis  uibrata  micabat. 
Ac  ueluti  boreae  sub  tempore  nix  glomerata 
Spargitur,  haud  aliter  saeuas  iecere  sagittas. 

190     Postremum  cunctis  utroque  ex  agmine  pilis 

Absumptis  manüs  ad  mucronem  uertitur  omnis : 
Fulmineos  promunt  enses  clipeosque  reuoluunt, 
Concurrunt  acies  demum  pugnamque  restaurant. 
Pectoribus  partim  rumpuntur  pectora  equorum 

195     Sternitur  et  quaedam  pars  duro  umbone  uirorum. 

164  coniux  P. 


JF.-1  L  TH  RR  OF  A  Q  ( '/  T.i  I.WE.  I , 

Waltharius  tarnen  in  medio  furit  agmine  bello 
Obuia  quaeque  nietens  armis  ac  limite  pergens. 
Hunc  ubi  conspiciunt  hostes  tantas  dare  strages, 
Ac  si  praesentem  nietuebant  cernere  mortem  : 

200     Et  quemcumque  locum  seu  dextra  siue  sinistra 
Waltharius  peteret,  cuncti  mox  terga  dederunt 
Et  uersis  scutis  laxisque  feruntur  habenis. 
Tunc  imitata  ducem  gens  maxima  Pannoniarum 
[Saeuior  insurgit  caedemque  audacior  auget,] 

205     Deicit  obstantes,  fugientes  proterit,  usque 

Dum  caperet  plenum  belli  sub  sorte  triumphum. 
Turn  super  occisos  ruit  et  spoliauerat  omnes 
Et  tandem  ductor  recauo  uocat  agmina  cornu. 
Ac  primus  frontem  festa  cum  frondę  reuinxit 

210     Uictrici  lauro  cingens  sua  tempora  uulgo, 

Post  hunc  signiferi  sequitur  quos  cetera  pubes. 
lamque  triumphali  redierunt  stemmate  compti 
Et  patriam  ingressi  propria  se  quisque  locauit 
Sede,  sed  ad  solium  mox  Waltharius  properauit. 

215         Ecce  palatini  decurrunt  arce  ministri 

Illius  aspectu  hilares  equitemque  tenebant, 
Donee  uir  sella  descenderet  inclitus  alta. 
Si  bene  res  uergant,  tum  demum  forte  requirunt. 
Ille  aliquid  modicum  narrans  intrauerat  aulam, 

220     Lassus  enim  fuerat  regisque  cubile  petebat. 
Ulic  Hiltgundęm  solam  offendit  residentem. 
Cui  post  amplexus  atque  oscula  dulcia  dixit: 
'  Ocius  hue  potum  ferto,  quia  fessus  anhelo.' 
Ilia  mero  tallum  conpleuit  mox  pretiosum 

225     Porrexitque  uiro,  qui  signans  accipiebat 

Uirgineamque  manum  propria  constrinxit.     at  ilia 
Astitit  et  uultum  reticens  intendit  herilem 
Walthariusque  bibens  uacuum  uas  porrigit  olli, 
Ambo  etenim  norant  de  se  sponsalia  facta. 

230     Prouocat  et  tali  caram  sermone  puellam  : 

'  Exilium  pariter  patimur  iam  tempore  tanto 
Non  ignorantes,  quid  nostri  forte  parentes 
Inter  se  nostra  de  re  fecere  futura. 
Quamne  diu  tacito  premimus  haec  ipsa  palato  ?  ' 

200  quemcunque  P. — 210  timpora  P. — 224  complevit   P. 


university] 


12  WALTHER  OF  AQUITAINE. 

235     Uirgo  per  hyroniam  meditans  hec  dicere  sponsum 
Pauluni  conticuit,  sed  postea  talia  reddit : 
'  Quid  lingua  simulas  quod  ab  imo  pectore  damnas 
Oreque  pursuades  toto  quod  corde  refutas  ? 
Sit  ueluti  talem  pudor  ingens  ducere  nuptam.' 

240     Uir  sapiens  contra  respondit  et  intulit  ista  : 

'Absit  quod  memoras?  dextrorsum  porrige  sensum. 
Noris  me  nihilum  simulata  mente  locutum 
Nee  quicquam  nebulae  u  el  lalsi  interfere  crede. 
NuUus  adest  nobis  exceptis  nam  que  duobus. 

245     Si  nossem  temet  mihi  promptam  inpendere  meutern 
Atque  fidem  uotis  seruare  per  omnia  cautis, 
Pandere  cuncta  tibi  cordis  mysteria  uellem.' 

Tandem  uirgo  uiri  genibus  curuata  profatur : 
'Ad  quaecumque  uocas,  mi  domne,  sequar  studiose 

250     Nee  quicquam  placitis  malim  praeponere  jussis.' 
nie  dehinc :  '  piget  exillii  me  denique  nostri 
Et  patriae  fines  reminiscor  saepe  relictos  : 
Idcircoque  fugam  cupio  celerare  latentem. 
Quod  iam  prae  multis  potuissem  forte  diebus, 

255     Si  non  Hiltgundem  solam  remanere  dolerem.' 
Addidit  has  imo  uirguncula  corde  loquelas : 
['  Uestrum  uelle  meum,  solis  his  aestuo  rebus,] 
Praecipiat  dominus,  seu  prospera  siue  sinistra. 
Eins  amore  pati  toto  sum  pectore  praesto.' 

260     Waltharius  tandem  sic  uirginis  inquit  in  aurem  : 
'  Publica  custodem  rebus  te  nempe  potestas 
Fecerat,  idcirco  memor  haec  mea  uerba  notato  : 
Inprimis  galeam  regis  tunicamque,  trilicem 
Assero  loricam  fabrorum  insigne  ferentem, 

265     Diripe,  bina  dehinc  mediocria  scrinia  tolle. 
His  armillarum  tantum  da  pannonicarum, 
Donec  uix  unum  releues  ad  pectoris  imum. 
Inde  quater  binum  mihi  fac  de  more  coturnum 
Tantundemque  tibi  patrans  inponito  uasis  : 

270     Sic  fors  ad  summum  conplentur  scrinia  labrum. 
Insuper  a  fabris  hamos  clam  posce  retortos. 
Nostra  uiatica  sint  pisces  siniul  atque  uolucres, 
Ipse  ego  piscator,  sed  et  auceps  esse  coartor. 


235  haec  P. ;  hec  S.-H.;  hoc  BT.— 245  impendere  P.— 270  complen- 
tiir  P. 


fV^  L  TH  ER  OF  AQ  U  ITA  INE.  , .. 

r 

Haec  intra  ebdomadem  caute  per  singula  comple. 

275     Audisti,  quid  habere  uianti  forte  necesse  est. 

Nunc  quo  more  fugam  ualeamus  inire  recludo : 
Postquam  septenos  Phoebus  renieauerit  orbes, 
Regi  ac  reginae  satrapis  ducibus  famulisque 
Sumptu  permagno  conuiuia  laeta  parabo 

280     Atque  omni  ingenio  potu  sepelire  studebo, 

Donec  nullus  erit  qui  sentiat  hoc  quod  agendum  est. 
Tu  tarnen  interea  mediocriter  utere  uino, 
Atque  sitim  uix  ad  mensam  restinguere  cura. 
Cum  reliqui  surgant,  ad  opuscula  nota  recurre. 

285     Ast  ubi  iam  cunctos  superat  uiolentia  potus, 

Tum  simul  occiduas  properemus  quaerere  partes.' 
Uirgo  memor  praecepta  uiri  compleuit.     et  ecce 
Praefinita  dies  epularum  uenit  et  ipse 
Waltharius  magnis  instruxit  sumptibus  escas. 

290     Luxuria  in  media  residebat  denique  mensa 

Ingrediturque  aulam  uelis  rex  undique  septam. 
Heros  magnanimus  solito  quem  corde  salutans 
Duxerat  ad  soHum.     quod  compsit  bissus  et  ostrum. 
Consedit  laterique  duces  hinc  indeque  binos 

295     Assedisse  iubet.     reliquos  locat  ipse  minister. 
Centenos  simul  accubitus  iniere  sodales 
Diuersasque  dapes  libans  conuiua  resudat : 
His  et  sublatis  aliae  referuntur  edendae 
Atque  exquisitum  feruebat  migma  per  aurum. 

300     Aurea  bissino  tantum  stant  gausape  uasa 
Et  pigmentatus  crateres  Bacchus  adornat : 
Illicit  ad  haustum  species  dulcedoque  potus, 
Waltharius  cunctos  ad  uinum  hortatur  et  escas. 

Postque  epulis  absumpta  quies  mensaeque  remotae, 

305     Heros  iam  dictus  dominum  laetanter  adorsus 
Inquit :  '  in  hoc  rogito  clarescat  gratia  uestra, 
Ut  uos  inprimis  reliquos  nunc  laetificetis.' 
Et  simul  in  uerbo  nappam  dedit  arte  peractam 
Ordine  sculpturae  referentem  gesta  priorum, 

310     Quam  rex  accipiens  haustu  uacuauerat  uno 
Confestimque  iubet  reliquos  imitarier  omnes. 
Ocius  accurrunt  pincernae  moxque  recurrunt, 

293  quem  P. — 300  bis  seno  P. — 304  postquam  P. 


14  WALTHER  OF  AQUITAINE. 

Pocula  plena  dabant  et  inania  suscipiebant, 
Hospitis  ac  regis  certant  hortatibus  onines. 

^IS     Ebrietas  feruens  tota  dominatur  in  aula, 
Balbuttit  madidoia,cundia  fusa  palato, 
Heroas  ualidos  plantis  titubare  uideres. 
Taliter  in  seram  produxit  bachica  noctem 
Munera  Waltharius  retrahitque  redire  uolentes  ; 

320     Donec  ui  potus  pressi  somnoque  grauati 

Passim  porticibus  sternuntur  huniotenus  omnes. 
Et  licet  ignicremis  uellet  dare  moenia  flammis, 
Nullus  qui  causam  potuisset  scire  remansit. 
Tandem  dilectam  uocat  ad  semet  mulierem 

325     Praecipiens  causas  citius  deferre  paratas. 

Ipseque  de  stabulis  uictorem  duxit  equorum  : 
Hunc  ob  uirtutem  uocitauerat  ille  leonem. 
Stat  sonipes  ac  frena  ferox  spumantia  mandit. 
Hunc  postquam  faleris  solito  circumdedit,  ecce 

330     Scrinia  plena  gazae  lateri  suspendit  utrique 
Atque  iteri  longo  modicella  cibaria  ponit 
Loraque  uirgineae  mandat  fluitantia  dextrae. 
Ipseque  lorica  uestitus  more  gigantis 
Inposuit  capiti  rubras  cum  casside  cristas 

335     Ingentesque  ocreis  suras  conplectitur  aureis. 
Et  laeuum  femur  ancipiti  praecinxerat  ense 
Atque  alio  dextrum  pro  ritu  Pannoniarum  : 
Is  tamen  ex  una  tantum  dat  uulnera  parte. 
Tunc  hastam  dextra  rapiens  clipeumque  sinistra 

340     Coeperat  inuisa  trepidus  decedere  terra. 

Femina  duxit  equum  non  nulla  talenta  gereutem 
In  manibusque  simul  uirgam  tenet  ipsa  colurnam. 
In  qua  piscator  hamum  transponit  in  undam, 
Ut  cupiens  pastum  piscis  deglutiat  uncum. 

345     Namque  gravatus  erat  uir  maximus  undique  telis 
Suspectamque  habuit  cuncto  sibi  tempore  pugnam. 
Omni  nocte  quidem  properabant  currere,  sed  cum 
Prima  rubens  terris  ostendit  lumina  Phoebus, 
In  siluis  latitare  student  et  opaca  requirunt 

350     Sollicitatque  metus  uel  per  loca  tuta  fatigans. 
In  tantumque  timor  muliebria  pectora  pulsat, 

324  indeque  P.— 331  Atque  iterilongo  P. ;  Atq  e  iteriluongo  S.-H.— 
335  complectitur  P. — 341  nonnulla  P. 


/r.-?A  TH  ER  OF  A  Q  U  ITA  I.VE.  ,  5 

Horreat  ut  cunctos  aurae  uentique  susurros 

Formidans  uolucres  collisos  siue  racemos. 

Hinc  odium  exilii  patriaeque  amor  incubat  inde ; 

355     Uicis  defugiunt,  speciosa  noualia  linquunt 
Montibus  intonsis  cursus  ambage  recuruos 
Sectantes  :  trennilos  uariant  per  deuia  gressus. 
Ast  urbis  populus  somno  uinoque  solutus 
.  Ad  medium  lucis  siluit  recubando  sequentis. 

360     Sed  postquam  surgunt,  ductorem  quique  requirunt, 
Ut  grates  faciant  ac  festa  laude  salutent. 
Attila  nempe  manu  caput  amplexatus  utraque 
Egreditur  thalamo  rex,  Walthariumque  dolendo 
Aduocat,  ut  proprium  quereretur  forte  dolorem. 

365     Respondent  ipsi  se  non  potuisse  ministri 

Inuenisse  uirum,  sed  princeps  sperat  eundem 
Hactenus  in  somno  tentum  recubare  quietum 
Occultumque  locum  sibi  delegisse  sopori. 
Ospirin  Hiltgundem  postquam  cognouit  abesse 

370     Nee  iuxta  morem  uestes  deferre  suetum, 

Tr'stior  inmensis  satrapae  clamoribus  inquit : 
'  O  detestandas  quas  heri  sumpsimus  escas  ! 
O  uinum  quod  Pannonias  destruxerat  omnes ! 
Quod  domino  regi  iam  dudum  praescia  dixi, 

375     Approbat  iste  dies  quern  nos  superare  nequimus. 
En  hodie  imperii  uestri  cecidisse  columna 
Noscitur,  en  robur  procul  inuit  et  inclita  uirtus  : 
Waltharius  lux  Pannoniae  discesserat  inde, 
Hiltgundem  quoque  mi  caram  deduxit  alumnam.' 

380         lam  princeps  nimia  succenditur  efterus  ira. 
Mutant  laetitiam  maerentia  corda  priorem. 
Ex  humeris  trabeam  discindit  ad  infima  totam 
Et  nunc  hue  animum  tristem,  nunc  diuidit  illuc. 
Ac  uelut  aeolicis  turbatur  arena  procellis, 

385     Six:  intestinis  rex  fluctuat  undique  curis 

Et  uarium  pectus  uario  simul  ore  imitatus 
Prodidit  exterius  quicquid  tolerauerat  intus 
Iraque  sermonem  perniisit  promere  nullum. 
Ipso  quippe  die  potum  fastidit  et  escam 

390     Nee  placidam  menbris  potuit  dare  cura  quietem. 

372  sero  P. — 390  membris. 


1 6  U' J  L  THER  OF  AQ  U  IT  A INE. 

Namque  ubi  nox  rebus  jam  dempserat  atra  colores, 
Decidit  in  lectum,  uerum  nee  lumina  clausit 
Nunc  latus  in  dextrum  fultus  nunc  inque  sinistrum 
Et  ueluti  iaculo  pectus  transfixus  acuto 

395     Palpitat  atque  caput  hue  et  mox  iactitat  illuc 
Et  modo  subreetus  fulcro  eonsederat  amens. 
Nee  iuuat  hoe,  demum  surgens  discurrit  in  urbem 
Atque  thorum  ueniens  simul  attigit  atque  reHquit. 
Taliter  insomnem  consumpserat  Attila  noetem. 

400     At  profugi  comites  per  arnica  silentia  euntes 

Suspeetam  properant  post  terga  rehnquere  terram, 

Uix  tarnen  erupit  eras,  rex  patribusque  uocatis 
Dixerat:  '  o  si  quis  mihi  Waltharium  fugientem 
Afferat  euinctum  eeu  nequam  forte  Heiscam  ! 

405     Hune  ego  mox  auro  uestirem  saepe  reeoeto 
Et  tellure  quidem  stantem  hine  inde  onerarem 
Atque  uiam  penitus  elausissem  uiuo  talentis.' 
Sed  nullus  fuit  in  tanta  regione  tyrannus 
Uel  dux  siue  comes  seu  miles  siue  minister, 

410     Qui,  quamuis  cuperet  proprias  ostendere  uires 
Ac  uirtute  sua  laudem  captare  perennem 
Ambiretque  simul  gazam  infarcire  crumenis, 
Waltharium  tarnen  iratum  praesumpserit  armis 
Insequier  strictoque  uirum  mucrone  uidere. 

415     Nota  equidem  uirtus,  experti  sunt  quoque  quantas 
Incolumis  dederit  Stranges  sine  uulnere  uictor. 
Nee  potis  est  ullum  rex  persuadere  uirorum 
Qui  promissa  uelit  hac  condicione  talenta. 
Waltharius  fugiens,  ut  dixi,  noctibus  iuit 

420     Atque  die  saltus  arbustaque  densa  requirens 
Arte,  accersita  pariter  capit  arte  uolucres 
Nunc  fallens  uisco,  nunc  fisso  denique  ligno. 
Ast  ubi  peruenit  qua  flumina  eurua  fluebant, 
Inmittens  ham  um  rapuit  sub  gurgite  praedam 

425     Atque  famis  pestem  pepulit  tolerando  laborem  : 
Namque  fugae  toto  se  tempore  uirginis  usu 
Continuit  uir  Waltharius  laudabilis  heros. 

Ecce  quater  denos  sol  circumflexerat  orbes 
Ex  quo  pannonica  fuerat  digressus  ab  urbe. 

430    Ipso  quippe  die  numerum  qui  clauserat  istum, 

416  incolomes  P. 


II  '.I  I.  TH  ER  O  F  A  Q  Ul  TA  LY/C.  ,  y 

Uenerat  wó.  fluuiuin  iam  uespere  tum  mediautc 
Scilicet  ad  Rhenum,  qua  cursus  tendit  ad  urbeni 
Nomine  Wormatiam  regali  sede  nitentem. 
Ulic  pro  naulo  pisces  dedit  antea  captos. 

435     Et  mox  transpositus  £;raditur  properanter  anhelus. 
Orta  dies  postquam  tenehras  discusserat  atras, 
Portltor  exsurgens  praefatani  uenit  in  urbeni 
Regalique  coco  reliquorum  quippe  magistro 
Detulerat  pisces  quos  uir  dedit  ille  uiator. 

440     Hos  cum  pigmentis  condisset  et  apposuisset 
Regi  Gunthario,  miratus  fatur  ab  alto : 
'  Istius  ergo  modi  pisces  mihi  Francia  numquam 
Ostendit :  reor  externis  a  finibus  illos. 
Die  mihi  quantocius  :  cuias  homo  detulit  illos  ? ' 

445     Ipseque  respondens  narrat,  quod  nauta  dedisset. 
Accersire  hominem  princeps  praecepit  eundem. 
Et,  cum  uenisset,  de  re  quaesitus  eadem 
Talia  dicta  dedit  causamque  ex  ordine  pandit : 
'  Uespere  praeterito  residebam  litore  Rheni 

450     Conspexique  uiatorem  propere  uenientem 

Et  ueluti  pugnae  certum  per  membra  paratum  : 
Aere  etenim  penitus  fuerat  rex  indite  cinctus 
Gesserat  et  scutum  gradiens  hastamque  coruscam. 
Namque  uiro  forti  similis  fuit  et  licet  ingens 

455     Asportaret  onus,  gressum  tarnen  extulit  acrem. 
Hunc  incredibili  formae  decorata  nitore 
Assequitur  calcemque  terit  iam  calce  puella. 
Ipsaque  robustum  rexit  per  lora  caballum 
Scrinia  bina  quidem  dorso  non  parua  ferentem, 

460     Quae,  dum  ceruicem  sonipes  discusserit  altam, 

Atque  superba  cupit  glomerare  uolumina  crurum, 
Dant  sonitum,  ceu  quis  gemmis  illiserit  aurum. 
Hie  mihi  praesentes  dederat  pro  munere  pisces.' 
His  Hagano  auditis,  ad  mensam  quippe  resedit. 

465     Laetior  in  medium  prompsit  de  pectore  uerbum  : 
'  Congaudete  mihi  quaeso,  quia  talia  noui : 
Waltharius  collega  meus  remeauit  ab  Hunis.' 
Uociferatur  et  omnis  ei  mox  aula  reclamat. 
Guntharius  princeps  ex  hac  ratione  superbus  : 

470     '  Congaudete  mihi  iubeo,  quia  talia  uixi. 

458  cauallum  P. 


1 8  JVAL  THER  OF  AQ  U  ITA  IN E. 

Gazam  quam  Gibicho  regi  transmisit  eoo, 
Hanc  nunc  cunctipotens  hue  in  mea  regna  remisit.' 
Haec  ait  et  mensam  pede  perculit  exiliensque 
Ducere  equum  iubet  et  sella  conponere  sculpta 

475     Atque  omni  de  plebe  uiros  secum  duodenos 
Uiribus  insignes,  animis  plerumque  probatos 
Legerat.     inter  quos  simul  ire  Haganona  iubebat. 
Qui  memor  antiquae  fidei  sociique  prioris 
Nititur  a  coeptis  dominum  transuertere  rebus. 

480     Rex  tamen  e  contra  nihilominus  instat  et  infit : 
'  Ne  tardata  uiri,  praecingite  corpora  ferro 
Fortia,  squamosus  thorax  iam  terga  recondat. 
Hie  tantum  gazae  Francis  deducat  ab  oris  ? ' 
Instructi  telis,  nam  iussio  regis  adurget, 

485  Exibant  portis  te  Waltharium  cupientes 
Sternere  et  inbellem  lucris  fraudare  putantes. 

Sed  tamen  omnimodis  Hagano  prohibere  studebat : 
At  rex  infelix  coeptis  resipiscere  non  uult. 
Interea  uir  magnanimus  de  flumine  pergens 

490     Uenerat  in  sal  tum  iam  tunc  Vosagum  uocitatum. 
Nam  nem  us  est  ingens  spatiosum,  lustra  ferarum 
Plurima  habens,  suetem  canibus  resonare  tubisque. 
Sunt  in  secessu  bini  montesque  propinqui, 
Inter  quos  licet  angustum  specus  extat  amenum 

495     Non  tellure  caua  factum  sed  uertice  rupum  : 
Apta  quidem  statio  latronibus  ilia  cruentis. 
Angulus  hie  uirides  ae  uescas  gesserat  herbas. 
Hune  mox  ut  uidit  iuaenis  :  '  hue  '  inquit  '  eamus, 
His  iuuat  in  castris  fessum  conponere  corpus. 

500     Nam  postquam  fugiens  Auarum  discesserat  oris, 
Non  aliter  somni  requiem  gustauerat  idem 
Quam  super  innixus  clipeo :  uix  elauserat  orbes. 
Bellica  tum  demum  deponens  pondera  dixit 
Uirginis  in  gremium  fusus  :  '  circumspice  caute 

505     Hiltgunt  et  nebulam  si  tolli  uideris  atram, 
Attaetu  blando  me  surgere  eonmonitato; 
Et  licet  ingentem  conspexeris  ire  cateruam, 
Ne  subito  excutias  somno  mi  cara  eaueto, 
Nam  proeul  hinc  acies  potis  es  transmittere  puras. 

486  cernere  P. — 494  amoenum  P. 


nWLTHER  OF  AQUITAINE. 

310     Instanter  cunctain  circa  explora  regionem.' 

Haec  ait  atque  oculos  concluserat  ipse  nitentes 
lamque  diu  satis  optata  fruitur  requiete. 

Ast  ubi  Guntharius  uestii;ia  puluere  uidit, 
Cornipedeiii  rapiduni  saeuis  calcaribus  urget 

515     Exultansque  animis  frustra  sie  fatur  ad  auras  : 
'Accelerate  uiri,  iam  nunc  capietis  eundem  : 
Nuniquani  hodie  eftugiet,  furata  talenta  relinquet.' 
Inclitus  at  Hagano  contra  mox  reddidit  ista : 
'  Unum  dico  tibi  regum  lortissime  tantum  : 

520     Si  totiens  tu  Waltharium  pug  nasse  uideres 

Atque  noua  totiens  quotiens  ego  caede  furentem, 
Numquani  tarn  facile  spoliandum  forte  putares. 
Uidi  Pannonias,  acies  cum  bella  cierent 
Contra  aquilonares  siue  australes  regiones  : 

525     Illic  Waltharius  propria  uirtute  coruscus 
Hostibus  inuisus  sociis  mirandus  obibat : 
Quisquis  ei  congressus  erat,  mox  tartara  uidit. 
O  rex  et  comites  experto  credite,  quantus 
In  clipeum  surgat,  quanta  ui  torqueat  hastani.' 

530     Sed  dum  Guntharius  male  sana  mente  grauatus 
Nequaquam  flecti  posset,  castris  propiabant. 
At  procul  aspiciens  Hiltgunt  de  uertice  montis 
Puluere  sublato  uenientes  sensit  et  ipsum 
Waltharium  placido  tactu  uigilare  monebat. 

535     QiJi  caput  attollens  scrutatur,  si  quis  adiret. 

Eminus  illa  refert  quandam  uolitare  phalangem. 
Ipse  oculos  tersos  somni  glaucomate  purgans 
Paulatim  rigidos  ferro  uestiuerat  artus 
Atque  grauem  rursus  parmam  collegit  et  hastam 

540     Et  saliens  uacuas  ferro  transuerberat  auras 
Et  celer  ad  pugnam  telis  prolusit  amaram. 
Cominus  ecce  coruscantes  mulier  uidet  hastas 
Ac  stupefacta  nimis  :  '  Hunos  hie'  inquit  'habenius.' 
In  terramque  cadens  effatur  talia  tristis : 

545     '  Obsecro,  mi  senior,  gladio  mea  colla  recide  . 
Ut,  quae  non  merui  pacto  thalamo  sociari, 
Nullius  ulterius  patiar  consortia  carnis.' 
Tum  iuuenis  :  '  cruor  innocuus  me  tinxerit  ?  '  inquit 


532  Et  P.— 534  iubebat  P.— 545  secentur  P.— 548  an  nocuus  P. 


20  Jt^^-I  L  THER  OF  A  Q  U I TA INE. 

'Aut  quo  forte  modo  gladius  potis  est  inimicos 

550     Sternere,  tarn  fidae  si  nunc  non  parcit  amicae  ? 
Absit  quod  rogitas,  mentis  depone  pauorem. 
Qui  me  de  uariis  eduxit  saepe  periclis, 
Hie  ualet  hie  hostes  credo  confundere  nostros.' 
Haec  ait  atque  oculos  toUens  effatur  ad  ipsam  : 

555     '  Non  assunt  Auares  hie  sed  Franci  nebulones 
Cultores  regionis,'  et  en  galeam  Haganonis 
Aspicit  et  noscens  iniunxit  taha  ridens  : 
'  Et  mens  hie  socius  Hagano  collega  ueternus. 
Hoc  heros  dieto  introitum  stationis  adibat 

560     Inferius  stanti  praedicens  sic  muHeri : 

'  Hac  coram  porta  uerbum  modo  iacto  superbum  : 
Hinc  nuUus  rediens  uxori  dicere  Francus 
Praesumet  se  inpune  gazae  quid  tollere  tantae.' 
Nee  dum  sermonem  conpleuit,  humotenus  ecce 

565     Corruit  et  ueniam  petiit,  quia  talia  dixit. 

Postquam  surrexit  contemplans  cautius  omnes  : 
'  Horum  quos  uideo  nullum  Haganone  remoto 
Suspicio  :  namque  ille  meos  per  proelia  mores 
lam  didicit,  tenet  hie  etiam  sat  callidus  artem. 

570     Quam  si  forte  uolente  deo  intercepero  solam, 

Tunc'  ait  '  ex  pugna  tibi  Hiltgunt  sponsa  reseruor.' 

Ast  ubi  Waltharium  tali  statione  receptum 
Conspexit  Hagano,  satrapae  mox  ista  superbo 
Suggerit :  '  o  senior  desiste  lacessere  bello 

575     Hune  hominem.     pergant  primum  qui  cuncta  requirant 
Et  genus  et  patriam  nomenque  locumque  relictum. 
Uel,  si  forte  petat  pacem  sine  sanguine  praebens 
Thesaurum,  per  responsum  cognoscere  homonem 
Possumus,  et  si  Waltharius  remoratur  ibidem, 

580     Est  sapiens,  forsan  uestro  concedet  honori.' 

Praecipit  ire  uirum  cognomine  rex  Camelonem, 
Inclita  metensi  quem  Francia  miserat  urbi 
Praefectum,  qui  dona  ferens  deuenerat  illo 
Anteriore  die  quam  princeps  nouerat  ista. 

585     Qui  dans  frena  uola  trapidoque  simillimus  Euro 
Transcurrit  spatium  campi  iuuenique  propinquat 
Ac  sic  obstantem  conpellat :  '  die  homo  quisnam 


564  compleuit  P. — 587  compellat  P. 


Jf  w/.  THER  OF  A  Q  U  ITA  IX E.  2 1 

Sis  ?  aut  unde  uenis  *  *  *  quo  pcrgere  tendis  ? ' 

Heros  magnaninius  respondit  talia  dicens  : 
590     '  Sponte  tua  uenias  an  hue  te  miserit  ullus, 

Scire  uelim.'     Canielo  tunc  reddidit  ore  superbo : 

'  Noris  Guntharium  regem  tellure  potentem 

Me  misisse  tuas  quaesitum  pergere  causas.' 
His  auscultatis  suggesserat  hoc  adolescens  : 
595     '  Ignoro  penitus,  quid  opus  sit  forte  uiantis 

Scrutari  causas  :  sed  promere  non  trepidamus. 

Waltharius  uocor,  ex  Aquitanis  sum  generatus. 

A  genitore  meo  modicus  puer  obsidis  ergo 

Sum  datus  ad  Hunos,  ibi  uixi  nuncque  recessi 
600     Concupiens  patriam  dulcemque  reuisere  gentem.' 

Missus  ad  haec  '  tibi  iam  dictus  per  me  iubet  heros, 

Ut  cum  scriniolis  equitem  des  atque  puellam  : 

Quod  si  promptus  agis,  uitam  concedet  et  artus.' 
Waltharius  contra  fidenter  protulit  ista 
605     '  Stultius  effatum  me  non  audisse  sophistam 

Arbitror.     en  memoras,  quod  princeps  nescio  uel  quis 

Promittat,  quod  non  retinet  nee  fors  retinebit. 

An  deus  est,  ut  iure  mihi  concedere  uitam 

Possit  ?  num  manibus  tetigit  ?  num  carcere  trusit 
610     Uel  post  terga  meas  torsit  per  uincula  palmas? 

Attamen  ausculta  :  si  me  certamine  laxat, — 

Aspicio,  ferratus  adest,  ad  proelia  uenit — 

Armillas  centum  de  rubro  quippe  metallo 

Factas  transmittam,  quo  nomen  regis  honorem.' 
615         Tali  responso  discesserat  ille  recepto. 

Principibus  narrat  quod  protulit  atque  resumpsit. 

Tunc  Hagano  ad  regem  :  '  porrectam  suscipe  gazam. 

Hac  potis  es  decorare,  pater,  tecum  comitantes  ; 

Et  modo  de  pugna  palmam  reuocare  memento. 
620     Ignotus  tibi  Waltharius  et  maxima  uirtus. 

Ut  mihi  praeterita  portendit  uisio  noete. 

Non,  si  eonserimus,  nos  prospera  cuncta  sequentur. 

Uisum  quippe  mihi  te  coUuctarier  urso. 

Qui  post  conflictus  longos  tibi  mordieus  unum 
625     Crus  cum  poblite  ad  usque  femur  decerpserat  omne  *"  ^.  |    [  y^ 

588  in  uenis  P. — 590  hue  an  P. — 618  te  concom  itantes  P. 


,2  WALT  HER   OF  AQUITAINE. 

Et  mox  auxilio  subeuntem  ac  tela  ferentem 

Me  petit  atque  oculum  cum  dentibus  eruit  unum.' 

His  animaduersis  clamat  rex  ille  superbus  : 
'  Ut  uideo,  genitorem  imitaris  Hagathien  ipse. 

630     Hie  quoque  perpauidam  gelido  sub  pectore  mentem 
Gesserat  et  multis  fastidit  proelia  uerbis.' 

Tunc  heros  magnam  iuste  conceperat  irani, — 
Si  tarnen  in  dominum  licitum  est  irascier  ullum. 
'  Haec '  ait  '  in  uestris  consistat  omnia  telis. 

635     Est  in  conspectu  quem  uultis.     dimicet  omnis. 
Cominus  astatis  nee  iam  timor  inpedit  ullum  ; 
Euentum  uideam  nee  consors  sim  spoliorum  ; 
Dixerat  et  eollem  petiit  mox  ipse  propinquum 
Descendensque  ab  equo  eonsedit  et  aspicit  illo. 

640         Post  haec  Guntharius  Cameloni  praecipit  aiens  : 
'  Perge  et  thesaurum  reddi  mihi  praecipe  totum. 
Quodsi  cunctetur,  scio  tu  uir  fortis  et  audax, 
Congredere  et  hello  deuictum  mox  spoliato.' 
Ibat  metensis  Camelo  metropolitanus, 

645     Uertiee  fulua  mieat  cassis,  de  pectore  torax, 

Et  procul  acclamans  :  '  heus  audi '  dixit  '  amice  ! 
Regi  Franeorum  totum  transmitte  metallum, 
Si  uis  ulterius  uitam  uel  habere  salutem.' 
Conticuit  paulum  uerbo  fortissimus  heros, 

650     Opperiens  propius  hostem  aduentare  ferocem. 
Aduolitans  missus  uocem  repetiuerat  istam. 
['  Regi  Franeorum  totum  transmitte  metallum  ! '] 
Turn  iuuenis  constans  responsum  protulit  istud  : 
'  Quid  quaeris  ?  uel  quid  reddi,  inportune  coartas? 

655     Numquid  Gunthario  furabar  talia  regi  ? 

Aut  mihi  pro  lucro  quiequam  donauerat  ille, 
Ut  merito  usuram  me  eogat  soluere  tantam  ? 
Num  pergens  ego  dampna  tuli  uestrae  regioni, 
Ut  uel  hinc  iuste  uidear  spoliarier  a  te  ? 

660     Si  tantam  inuidiam  euntis  gens  exhibet  ista, 
[Ut  ealeare  solum  nulli  concedat  eunti,] 
Ecce  uiam  mercor,  regi  transmitto  ducentas 
Armillas.     paeem  donet  modo  bella  remittens. 
Haec  postquam  Camelo  percepit  corde  ferino  : 


634  haec  P.,  hec  S.-H. — 636  impedit  P, — 654  importune  P. 


M'AI.TIIER  OF  AQUITAINE.  2.-^ 

665     'Amplificahis'  ait  '  donum,  tlum  scriiiia  iKuulis. 

Consummarc  etenim  sermnncs  mine  nolo  cunctos  : 
Aut  quaesita  dabis,  aut  uitain  sanguine  fundes.' 
Sic  ait  et  triplicem  clipeuiii  collej^it  in  ulnani 
Et  crispans  hastile  niicans  ui  nititur  omni. 

670     Ac  iacit.     at  iuuenis  deuitat  cautior  ictum. 
Hasta  uolans  casso  tellurem  uulnere  mordit. 

Waltharius  tandem  :  '  si  sic  placet,'  inquit  '  a^amus.' 
Et  simul  in  dictis  hastam  transmisit.     at  ilia 
Per  laeuum  latus  umbonis  transiuit  et  ecce 

675     Palmam  qua  Camelo  mucronem  educere  cepit 
Confixit  femori  transpungens  ter^a  caballi. 
Nee  mora,  dum  uulnus  sensit  sonipes,  furit  atque 
Excutiens  dorsum  sessorem  sternere  temptat 
Et  forsan  faceret,  ni  lancea  fixa  teneret. 

6S0         Interea  parmam  Camelo  dimisit  et  hastam 
Conplexus  leua  satagit  diuellere  dextram. 
Quod  mox  perspiciens  currit  celeberrimus  heros 
Et  pede  conpresso  capulo  tenus  ingerit  ensem. 
Quem  simul  educens  hastam  de  uulnere  traxit. 

685     Tunc  equus  et  dominus  hora  cecidere  sub  una. 

At  dum  forte  nepos  conspexerat  hoc  Camelonis, 
Filius  ipsius  Kimo  cognomine  fratris, 
Quem  referunt  quidam  Scaramundum  nomine  dictum, 
Ingemit  et  lacrimis  conpellat  tristior  omnes  : 

690     '  Haec  me  prae  cunctis  heu  respicit  actio  rerum. 
Nunc  aut  conmoriar  uel  carurfi  ulciscar  amicum.' 
Namque  angusta  loci  solum  concurrere  soli 
Cogebant  nee  quisquam  alii  suecurrere  quiuit. 
Aduolat  infelix  Scaramundus  iam  moriturus 

695     Bina  manu  lato  crispans  hastilia  ferro. 

Qui  dum  Waltharium  nullo  terrore  uideret 
Permotum  fixumque  loco  consistere  in  ipso, 
Sic  ait  infrendens  et  equinam  uertice  caudam 
Concutiens  :  '  in  quo  fidis  ?  uel  quae  tua  spes  est  ? 

700     Non  ego  iam  gazam  uel  rerum  quidque  tuarum 
Appeto,  sed  uitam  cognati  quaero  perempti.' 
Ille  dehinc :  '  si  eonuincar,  quod  prelia  primus 


675  coepitP. — 676  caualli  P. — 681  complexus  P.,  laeua  P.,  dextra  P. 
682  turn  P.— 683  compresso  P.— 687  Kuno  P.— 689  compellat  P.— 691 
commoriar  P.— 700  quicque  P.— 702  proelia  P. 


24  IVA  L  TH  ER  OF  AQ  U  ITA  INE. 

Temptarim  seu  quid  merui,  quod  talia  possim 
Jure  pati,  absque  mora  tua  me  transuerberet  hasta. 

705     Necdum  sermonem  concluserat,  en  Scaramundus 
Unum  de  binis  hastile  retorsit  in  illum 
Confestimque  aliud,     quorum  celeberrimus  heros 
Unum  deuitat,  quatit  ex  umbone  secundum. 
Tunc  äciem  gladii  promens  Scaramundus  acuti 

710     Proruit  in  iuuenem  cupiens  praescindere  frontem, 
Effrenique  in  equo  propius  deuectus  ad  illum 
Non  ualuit  capiti  libratum  intindere  uulnus. 
Sed  capulum  galeae  inpegit :  dedit  illa  resultans 
Tinnitus  ignemque  simul  transfudit  ad  auras. 

715     Sed  non  cornipedem  potuit  girare  superbum, 
Donec  Waltharius  sub  mentum  cuspidis  ictum 
Fixerat  et  sella  moribundum  sustulit  alta. 
Qui  caput  orantis  proprio  mucrone  recidens 
Fecit  cognatum  pariter  fluitare  cruorem. 

720         Hunc  ubi  Guntharius  conspexit  obire  superbus, 
Hortatur  socios  pugnam  renouare  furentes  : 
'Aggrediamur  eum  nee  respirare  sinamus, 
Donec  deficiens  lassescat  et  inde  reuinctus 
Thesauros  reddet  luet  et  pro  sanguine  penas. 

725         Tertias  en  Wurhardus  abit  bellumque  lacessit, 
Quamlibet  ex  longa  generatus  stirpe  nepotum 
O  uir  clare  tuus  cognatus  et  artis  amator, 
Pandare,  qui  quondam  iussus  confundere  foedus 
In  medios  telum  torsisti  primos  Achiuos. 

730     Hie  spernens  hastam  pharetram  gestauit  et  arcum, 
Eminus  emissis  haut  aequo  Marte  sagittis 
Waltharium  turbans,     contra  tamen  ille  uirilis 
Constitit  opponens  clipei  septemplicis  orbem, 
Saepius  eludens  uenientes  prouidus  ictus. 

735     Nam  modo  dissiluit,  parmam  modo  uergit  in  austrum 
Telaque  discussit,  nullum  tamen  attigit  illum. 
Postquam  Pandarides  se  consumpsisse  sagittas 
Incassum  uidet,  iratus  mox  exerit  ensem 
Et  demum  aduolitans  has  iactitat  ore  loquelas : 

740     '  O  si  uentosos  lusisti  callide  iactus, 

Forsan  uibrantis  dextrae  iam  percipis  ictum.' 

724  poenas  P.  (cf.  p^nam  B). — 725  Ewurhardus  P. — 731  baud  P. 


If'A  A  TH/-: A'  OF  A  0  (UTA INE.  25 

Olli  Waltharius  ridenti  pectore  adorsus  : 
'  lanique  diu  satis  expecto  certamina  iusto 
Pondere  agi.     festina,  in  me  mora  non  erit  ulla.' 

745     Dixerat  et  toto  conixus  corpore  ferrum 

Conicit.     hasta  uolans  pectus  rcserauit  equinum  : 
Tollit  se  arrectum  quadrupes  et  calcibus  auras 
Uerberat  effundensque  equitem  cecidit  super  ilium. 
Accurrit  iuuenis  et  ei  ui  diripit  ensem. 

750     Casside  discussa  crines  conplectitur  albos 

Multiplicesque  preces  nectenti  dixerat  heros  : 
'  Talia  non  dudum  iactabas  dicta  per  auras.' 
Haec  ait  et  truncum  secta  ceruice  reliquit. 
Sed  non  dementem  tria  uisa  cadauera  terrent 

755     Guntharium:  iubet  ad  mortem  properare  uicissim. 
En  a  saxonicis  oris  Ekeurid  generatus 
Quartus  temptauit  bellum,  qui  pro  nece  facta 
Cuiusdam  primatis  eo  diffugerat  exul. 
Quern  spadix  gestabat  equus  maculis  uariatus. 

760     Hie  ubi  Waltharium  promptum  uidet  esse  duello : 
'  Die,'  ait  '  an  corpus  uegetet  tractabile  temet 
Sine  per  aerias  fallas  maledicte  figuras  ? 
Saltibus  assuetus  faunus  mihi  quippe  uideris.' 
Illeque  sublato  dedit  haec  responsa  cachino : 

765     '  Celtica  lingua  probat  te  ex  ilia  gente  creatum 
Cui  natura  dedit  reliquas  ludendo  praeire. 
At  si  te  propius  uenientem  dextera  nostra 
Attingat,  post  Saxonibus  memorare  ualebis, 
Te  nunc  in  Vosago  fauni  fantasma  uidere.' 

770     'Atteinptabo  quidem,  quid  sis,'  Ekeurid  ait,  ac  mox 
Ferratam  cornum  grauiter  iacit.     ilia  retorto 
Emicat  ammento:  quam  duras  fregerat  umbo. 
Waltharius  contra  respondit  cuspide  missa  : 
'  Haec  tibi  siluanus  transpondet  munera  faunus. 

775     Aspice,  num  mage  sit  telum  penetrabile  nostrum.' 
Lancea  taurino  contextum  tergore  lignum 
Dififidit  ac  tunicam  scindens  pulmone  resedit. 
Uoluitur  infelix  Ekeurid  riuumque  cruoris 
Euomit :  en  mortem  fugiens  incurrit  eandem. 

780     Cuius  equum  iuuenis  post  tergum  in  gramen  abegit. 

742  Uli  p. — 765  me  P.— 774  transponit  P. 


26  WA  L  TH  ER  OF  A  O  U  ITA  INE. 

Tunc  a  Gunthario  clipeum  sibi  postulat  ipsum 
Quintus  ab  inflate  Hadawartus  pectore  lusus. 
Qui  pergens  hastam  sociis  dimisit  habendam 
Audax  in  solum  confi^us  inaniter  ensem. 

785     Et  dum  conspiceret  deiecta  cadauera  totam 
Conclusisse  uiam  nee  equum  transire  ualere, 
Dissiliens  parat  ire  pedes,     stetit  acer  in  arm  is 
Waltharius  laudatque  uirum,  qui  praebuit  aequam 
Pugnandi  sortem.     Hadawart  tum  dixit  ad  ilium  : 

790     '  O  uersute  dolis  et  fraudis  conscie  serpens ! 
Occultare  artus  squamoso  tegmine  suetus 
Ac  ueluti  coluber  girum  coUectus  in  unum, 
Tela  tot  euitas  tenui  sine  uulneris  ictu 
Atque  uenenatas  ludis  sine  more  sagittas  ? 

795     Nunquid  et  iste  putas  astu  uitabitur  ictus 

Quern  propius  stantis  certo  libraminc  mittit 

Dextra  manus  ?     neque  enim  is  teli  seu  uulneris  auctor 

Audi  consilium,  parmam  deponito  pictam  : 

Hanc  mea  sors  quaerit,  regis  quoque  sponsio  praestat, 

800     Nolo  quidem  laedas,  oculis  quia  conplacet  istis. 
Sin  alias,  licet  et  lucem  mihi  dempseris  almam, 
Assunt  hie  plures  socii  carnisque  propinqui, 
Qui,  quamuis  .uoluerem  similes  pennasque  capessas. 
Te  tarnen  inmunem  nunquam  patiantur  abire.' 

805         Belliger  a^  contra  nil  territus  intulit  ista  : 
'  De  reliquis  taceo,  clipeum  defendere  euro. 
Pro  meritis  mihi  crede  bonis  sum  debitor  illi. 
Hostibus  ipse  meis  se  opponere  saepe  solebat 
Et  pro  uulneribus  suseepit  uulnera  nostris. 

810     Quam  sit  oportunus  hodie  mihi  cernis,  et  ipse 
Non  cum  Walthario  loquereris  forsan,  abesset. 
Uiribus  o  summis  hostem  depellere  cures, 
Dextera  ne  rapiat  tibi  propugnacula  muri. 
Tu  clauum  umbonis  studeas  retinere  sinistra, 

815     Atque  ebori  digitos  cireumfer  glutine  fixos.' 
Istic  deponas  pondus,  quod  tanta  uiarum 
Portasti  spatia  ex  Auarum  nam  sedibus  altis  ? 
Ille  dehinc :  '  inuitus  agis,  si  sponte  recusas. 
Nee  solum  parmam,  sed  equum  cum  uirgine  et  auro 


787  petit  P. — 789  Pugnandi  sortem  Hadawartum.     dixit  at  ille  P. 
795  Numquid  P. — 800  complacet  P.,  ista  P. — 808  iste  P. 


//  '.I  L  TI  [ER  OF  A  O  L  Y  /V/ 1  XE.  27 

820     Reddes  :  tum  denniin  scelerum  cruoiainina  pcndes.' 
Haec  ait  et  notuin  nagina  diripit  ensem. 
Inter  se  uariis  terrarum  partibus  orti 
Concurrunt.     stupuit  Vosagus  haec  fulmina  et  ecce 
Ambo  sublimes  animis  ac  grandibus  arm  is, 

825     Hic  gladio  fidens  hic  acer  et  arduus  hasta 
Inter  se  multa  et  ualida  ui  praelia  miscent. 
Non  sic  nigra»  sonat  percussa  securibus  ilex, 
Ut  dant  tinnitus  galeae  clipeique  resultant.  • 
Mirantur  Franci,  quod  non  lassesceret  heros 

830     Waltharius  cui  nulla  quies  spatiumue  dabatur. 
Emicat  hie  inpune  putans  iaai  Wormaciensis 
Alte  et  sublato  consurgit  feruidus  ense 
Hoc  ictu.  memorans  semet  finire  duellum  : 
Prouidus  at  iuuenis  ferientem  cuspide  adacta 

835     Intercepit  et  ignauum  dimmitere  ferrum 

Cogebat.     procul  in  dumis  resplenduit  ensis. 
.  Hie  ubi  se  gladio  spoliatum  uidit  amico, 
Accelerare  fugam  fruticesque  uolebat  adire. 
Alpharides  fretus  pedibus  uiridique  iuuenta 

840     Insequitur  dicens  :  '  quonam  fugis  ?  accipe  scutum.' 
Sic  ait  atque  hastam  manibus  leuat  ocius  ambis 
Et  ferit.     Ille  cadit,  clipeus  superintonat  ingens. 
Nee  tardat  iuuenis  :  pede  collum  pressit  et  hasta 
Diuellens  parmam  telluri  infixerat  ilium. 

845     Ipse  oculos  uertens  animam  sufflauit  in  auram. 

Sextus  erat  Pataurid.     soror  hunc  germana  Haganonis 
Protulit  ad  lucem.     quern  dum  procedere  uidit, 
Uocibus  et  precibus  conatur  auunculus  inde 
Flectere  proclamans  :  'quonam  ruis?  aspice  mortem, 

850     Oualiter  aridet.     desiste  !  en  ultima  Parcae 
Fila  legunt.     o  care  nepos  te  mens  tua  fallit. 
Desine.     Waltharii  tu  denique  uiribus  inpar.' 
Infelix  tamen  ille  means  haec  omnia  spreuit, 
Arsit  enim  iuuenis   laudem  captare  cupiscens. 

855     Tristatusque  Hagano  suspiria  pectore  longa 
Traxit  et  has  imo  fudit  de  corde  loquelas : 
'  O  uortex  mundi  fames  insatiatus  habendi, 
Gurges  auaritiae,  cunctorum  fibra  malorum  ! 

826  proelia   P.— 831  Wormatiensis  P. — 835  ignarum  P.— 854  iienis  P 


28  WALTHER  OF  AQUITAINE. 

O  utinam  solum  glutires  dira  metallum 

860     Diuitiasque  alias  homines  inpune  remittens. 

Sed  tu  nunc  homines  peruerso  numine  perflans 
Incendis  nullique  suum  iam  sufficit.     ecce 
Non  trepidant  mortem  pro  lucro  incurrere  turpem. 
Quanto  plus  retinent,  tanto  sitis  ardet  habendi. 

865     Externis  modo  ui  modo  furtiue  potiuntur 

Et  quod  plus  renouat  gemitus  lacrimasque  ciebit, 
Caeligenas  animas  Erebi  fornace  retrudunt. 
Ecce  ego  dilectum  nequeo  reuocare  nepotem, 
Instimulatus  enim  de  te  est  o  saeua  cupido. 

870     En  caecus  mortem  properat  gustare  nefandam 
Et  uili  pro  laude  cupit  descendere  ad  umbras. 
Heu  mihi  care  nepos  matri  quid  perdite  mandas  ? 
Quis  nuper  ductam  refouebit  care  maritam, 
Cui  nee  rapta  spei  pueri  ludicra  dedisti  ? 

875     Quis  tibi  nam  furor  est  ?  unde  haec  dementia  uenit '  ? 
Sic  ait  et  gremium  lacrimis  consparsit  obortis, 
Et  '  longum  formose  uale  '  singultibus  edit. 

Waltharius  licet  a  longe  socium  fore  maestum 
Attendit  clamorque  simul  peruenit  ad  aures. 

880     Unde  incursantem  sie  est  affatus  equestrem  : 
'Accipe  consilium  iuuenis  fortissime  nostrum 
Et  te  conseruans  melioribus  utere  fatis. 
Desine,  nam  tua  te  feruens  fiducia  fallit. 
Heroum  tot  cerne  neces  et  cede  duello, 

885     Ne  suprema  uidens  hostes  facias  mihi  plures.' 
'  Quid  de  morte  mea  curas '  ait  ille  '  tyranne  ? 
Est  modo  pugnandum  tibimet,  non  sermocinandum.' 
Dixit  et  in  uerbo  nodosam  destinat  hastam, 
Cuspide  quam  propria  diuertens  transtulit  heros, 

890     Quae  subuecta  choris  ac  uiribus  acta  furentis 

In  castrum  uenit  atque  pedes  stetit  ante  puellae. 
Ipsa  mętu  perculsa  sonum  prompsit  muliebrem. 
At  postquam  tenuis  redit  in  praecordia  uirtus, 
Paulum  suspiciens  spectat,  num  uiueret  heros. 

895         Tum  quoque  uir  <brtis  Francum  discedere  bello 
lussit.     at  ille  furens  gladium  nudauit  et  ipsum 
Incurrens  petiit  uulnusque  a  uertice  librat. 

874  rapte  P. 


WA  L  TH  ER  OF  A  QUI  TA  INE.  29 

Alpharides  parmam  demum  concusserat  aptam 
Et  spumantis  apri  frendens  de  more  tacebat. 

900     nie  ferire  uolens  se  pronior  omnis  ad  ictum 
Exposuit,  sed  Waltharius  sub  tegmine  flexus 
Delituit  corpusque  suum  contraxit  et  ecce 
Uulnere  delusus  iuuenis  recidebat  ineptus. 
FMnis  erat,  nisi  quod  genibus  tellure  refixis 

905     Belliger  accubuit  calibemque  sub  orbe  cauebat. 
Hie  dum  consurgit,  pariter  se  subrigit  ille 
Ac  citius  scutum  trepidus  sibi  praetulit  atque 
Frustra  certamen  renouare  parabat.     at  ilium 
Alpharides  fixa  gladio  petit  ocius  hasta 

910     Et  mediam  clipei  dempsit  uasto  inpete  partem 
Amatam  resecans  loricam  atque  ilia  nudans. 
Labitur  infelix  Pataurid  sua  uiscera  cernens 
Siluestrique  ferae  corpus,  animam  dedit  Orco, 
Hunc  sese  ulturum  spondens  Gerwicus  adiuit, 

915     Qui  forti  subuectus  equo  suprauolat  omnem 

Stragem  quae  angustam  concluserat  obuia  callem. 
Et  dum  bellipotens  resecaret  colla  iacentis, 
Uenit  et  ancipitem  uibrauit  in  ora  bipennem. 
Istius  ergo  modi  Francis  tunc  arma  fuere. 

920     Uir  celer  obiecit  peltam  frustrauit  et  ictum 
Ac  retro  saliens  hastam  rapiebat  amicam 
Sanguineumque  ulua  uiridi  dimiserat  ensem. 

Hie  uero  metuenda  uirum  tum  bella  uideres. 
Sermo  quidem  nullus  fuit  inter  martia  tella : 

925     Sic  erat  aduerso  mens  horum  intenta  duello 
Is  furit,  ut  caesos  mundet  uindicta  sodales, 
Ille  studet  uitam  toto  defender«  nisu 
Et,  sifors  dederit,  palmam  retinere  triumphi. 
Hie  ferit,  ille  cauet,  petit  ille,  reflectitur  iste : 

930     Ad  Studium  fors  et  uirtus  miscentur  in  unum. 
Longa  tamen  cuspes  breuiori  depulit  hostem 
Armatum  tele,  girat  sed  et  ille  caballo 
Atque  fatigatum  cupiebat  fallere  homonem. 
lam  magis  atque  magis  irarum  mole  grauatus 

935     Waltharius  clipeum  Gerwici  sustulit  imum 

Transmissoque  femur  penetrauerat  inguine  ferrum. 

910  impete  P. — 914  Gewitus  P. — 922  demerserat  P. — 932  cauallo  P. — 
935  Gerwiti  P. 


33 


IVAL  THE  J?  OF  AO  U  ITAIN E. 


Qui  post  terga  ruens  clamorem  prodidit  atrum 
Exlciumque  dolens  pulsabat  calcibus  aruum. 
Hunc  etiam  truncum  caesa  ceruice  feliquit. 

940     Hie  in  Wormatiae  campis  comes  extitit  ante. 
Tunc  primum  Franci  ceperunt  forte  morari 
Et  magnis  precibus  dominum  decedere  pugna 
Deposcunt.     furit  ille  miser  caecusque  profatur  : 
'  Quaeso  uiri  fortes  et  pectora  saepe  probata, 

945     Ne  fors  haec  cuicumque  metum  sed  conferat  iram. 
Quid  mihi,  si  Vosago  sic  sic  inglorius  ibo  ? 
Mentem  quisque  meam  sibi  uindicet.     en  ego  partus 
Ante  mori  gum,  Wormatiam  quam  talibus  actis 
Ingrediar.     petat  hie  patriam  sine  sanguine  uictor  ? 

950     Hactenus  arsistis  hominem  spoHare  metallis, 
Nunc  ardete  uiri  fusum  mundare  cruorem, 
Ut  mors  abstergat  mortem,  sanguis  quoque  sangueni 
Soleturque  necem  soeiorum  plaga  neeantis.' 
His  animum  dictis  demens  ineendit  et  omnes 

955     Fecerat  inmemores  uitae  simul  atque  salutis. 
Ac  uelut  in  ludis  alium  praeeurrere  quisque 
Ad  mortem  studuit,  sed  semita,  ut  antea  dixi, 
Cogebat  binos  bello  decidere  solos. 
Uir  tamen  illustris  dum  cunctari  uidet  illos, 

960     Uertiee  distractas  suspendit  in  arbore  cristas 
Et  uentum  captans  sudorem  tersit  anhelus. 

Ecce  repentino  Randolf  athleta  caballo 
Praeuertens  reliquos  hunc  inportunus  adiuit 
Ac  mox  ferrato  petiit  sub  pectore  conto. 

965     Et  nisi  duratis  Welandia  fabrica  giris 
Obstaret,  spisso  penetrauerit  ilia  ligno. 

Ille  tamen  subito  stupefactus  corda  pauore 
Munimen  clipei  obiecit  mentemque  recepit : 
Nee  tamen  et  galeam  fuerat  sumpsisse  facultas. 

970     Francus  at  emissa  gladium  nudauerat  hasta 
Et  feriens  binos  Aquitani  uertiee  erines 
Abrasit,  sed  forte  cutem  praestringere  summam 
Non  licuit  rursumque  alium  uibrauerat  ictum 
Et  praeceps  animi  directo  obstamine  scuti 

937  acrum  P. — 938  Exitiumque  P. — 941  coeperunt  P. — 955   imme- 
mores  P. — 962  cauallo  P. — 966  penetrauerat  P. 


WALTHER  OF  AQUITAINE.  -., 

975     Inpegit  chalibem  nee  quiuit  uiribus  ullis 

Elicere.     Alpharides  retro  se  fulniinis  instar 
Excutiens  Francum  ualida  ui  fiidit  ad  aruuni 
Et  super  assistens  pectus  conculcat  et  inquit : 
'  En  pro  caluitio  capitis  te  uertice  fraudo, 

980     Ne  fiat  ista  tuae  de  me  iactantia  sponsae.' 
Uix  haec  effatus  truncauit  colla  precantis. 

At  nonus  pugnae  Helmnod  successit  et  ipse 
Insertum  triplici  gestabat  fune  tridentem, 
Quem  post  terga  quidcm  socii  Staates  tenuerunt. 

985     Consiliumque  fuit,  dum  cuspis  missa  sederet 
In  clipeo,  cuncti  pariter  traxisse  studerent, 
Ut  uel  sie  hominem  deiecissent  furibundum  : 
Atque  sub  hac  certum  sibi  spe  posuere  triumphum. 
Nee  mora,  dux  totas  fundens  in  brachia  uires 

990     Misit  in  aduersum  magna  cum  uoce  tridentem 
Edicens  :  '  ferro  tibi  finis  calue  sub  isto  ! ' 
Qui  uentos  penetrat  iaculorum  more  coruscans  : 
Quod  genus  aspidis  exalta  sese  arbore  tanto 
Turbine  demittit,  quo  cuncta  obstantia  uincat. 

995     Qi^iid  moror?  umbonem  seiderat  peltaque  resedit. 
Clamorem  Franci  toUunt  saltusque  resultat 
Obnixique  trahunt  restim  simul   atque  uicissim 
Nee  dubitat  princeps  tali  se  aptare  labori. 
Manarunt  cunctis  sudoris  flumina  menbris. 
1000     Sed  tarnen  haec  inter  uelut  aesculus  astitit  heros 

Quae  non  plus  petit  astra  comis  cjuam  tartara  fibris 
Contempnens  omnes  uentorum  inmota  ft-agores. 
Certabant  hostes  hortabanturque  uiritim, 
Ut  si  non  quirent  ipsum  detrudere  ad  aruum, 
1005     Munimen  clipei  saltem  extorquere  studerent, 
Quo  dempto  uiuus  facile  caperetur  ab  ipsis. 

Nomina  quae  restant  edicam  iamque  trahentuni : 
Nonus  Eleuter  erat  Helmnod  cognomine  dictus. 
Argentina  quidem  decimum  dant  oppida  Trogum, 
loio     Extulit  undecimum  pollens  urbs  Spira  Tanastum 

Absque  Haganone  locum  rex  suppleuit  duodenum. 


975  calibem  P.— 982  Et  P.,  Heimnod  P.— 985  cuspes  dum  P  — 992 
penetrans  P.,  coruscat  P.— 994  dimittit  P.— 995  scidit  P  — 999  iiifnił)ris 
P. — 1000  aescilus  P. — icx32  immota  P. — 1006  facile  uiiiiis  1'.  — 1008 
Heimnod  P.— 1009  Trogunt  P. — loii  siipplevit  rex  P. 


32 


WA  L  TH  ER  OF  A  O  U  ITA  INE. 


Quatuor  hi  aduersum  summis  conatibus  unum 
Contendunt  pariter  multo  uarioque  tumultu. 
Interea  Alpharidi  uanus  labor  incutit  iram. 

1015     Et  qui  iam  pridem  nudarat  casside  frontem 
In  franiea  tunicaque  simul  confisus  aena 
Omisit  parmam  primumque  inuasit  Eleutrim. 
Huic  galeam  findens  cerebrum  diffudit  et  ipsam 
Ceruicem  resecans  pectus  patefecit,  at  aegrum 

1020     Cor  pulsans  animam  liquit  mox  atque  calorem. 
Inde  petit  Trogum  haerentem  in  fune  nefando. 
Qui  subito  attonitus  recidentis  niorte  sodalis 
Horribilique  hostis  conspectu  ceperat  acrem 
Necquicquam  temptare  lugam  uoluitque  relicta 

1025     Arma  recolligere,  ut  rur|um  repararet  agonem. 
Nam  cuncti  funem  tracturi  deposuerunt 
Hastas  cum  clipeis,  sed  quanto  maximus  heros 
Fortior  extiterat,  tanto  fuit  ocior  olli 
Et  cursu  capto  suras  mucrone  recidit 

1030     Ac  sic  tardatum  praeuenit  et  abstulit  ejus 

Scutum,     sed  Trogus  quamuis  de  uulnere  laesus 
Mente  tarnen  feruens  saxum  circumspicit  ingens, 
Quod  rapiens  subito  obnixum  contorsit  in  hostem 
Et  proprium  a  summo  cHpeum  fidit  usque  deorsum, 

1035     Sed  retinet  fractum  pellis  superaddita  lignum. 
Moxque  genu  posito  uiridem  uacuauerat  aedem 
Atque  ardens  animis  uibratu  terruit  auras 
Et  si  non  quiuit  uirtutem  ostendere  factis, 
Corde  tarnen  habitum  patefecit  et  ore  uirilem. 

1040     Nee  manes  ridere  uidens  audaciter  infit : 

'O  mihi  si  clipeus  uel  si  modo  adesset  amicus  ! 
Fors  tibi  uictoriam  de  me,  non  inclita  uirtus 
Conlulit.     ad  scutum  mucronem  tollito  nostrum  ! ' 
Turn  quoque  subridens  :  '  uenio  iam,'  dixerat  heros 

1045     Et  cursu  aduolitans  dextram  ferientis  ademit. 

Sed  cum  athleta  ictum  libraret  ab  aure  secundum 
Pergentique  animae  ualuas  aperire  studeret, 
Ecce  Tanastus  adest  telis  cum  rege  resumptis 
Et  socium  obiecta  protexit  uulnere  pelta. 

1020  mox  liquerat  P. — 1021  Trogunt  P. — 1023  coeperat  P. — 1024  ne- 
quiquam  P. — 1031  Trogunt  P. — 1035  scissum  P. — 1036  enseni  P. 


II  '.I  A  '/v//:a'  of  a  o  I  'I  /".  /  ixn.  ^^^ 

1051;     Iliac  indigiiatus  irain  coiuiertit  :ul  ipsuni 

Waltharius  humeniinqiie  eius  de  cardine  iiellit, 
Perque  latus  ducto  sutiudit  uiscera  ferro. 
Aue!  procumbens  submurmurat  ore  Tanastu.s. 
Quo  recidente  preces  coutenipsit  promere  Tropus 

1055     Coiuiiciisque  sui  uictorem  incendit  amaris, 
Seu  uirtute  aninii.  seu  desperauerat.     exin 
Alpharides  :  '  morere'  inquit  'et  haec  sub  tartara  transfer 
Enarrans  sociis,  quod  tu  sis  ultus  eosdeni.' 
His  dictis  torcjuem  collo  circumdedit  aureuni. 

1060     Ecce  simul  caesi  uoluuntur  puluere  amici 
Crebris  foedatum  ferientes  calcibus  aruum. 

His  rex  infelix  uisis  suspirat  et  omni 
Aufugiens  studio  falerati  terga  caballi 
Scandit  et  ad  niestum  citius  Haganona  uolauit 

1065     Omnimodisque  ilium  precibus  flexisse  sategit, 
L't  secum  pergens  pugnam  repararet ;     at  ille  : 
'  Me  genus  infandum  prohibet  bellare  parentum 
Et  gelidus  sanguis  mentem  mihi  dempsit  in  armis. 
Tabescebat  enim  genitor,  dum  tela  uideret 

1070     Et  timidus  multis  renuebat  proelia  uerbis  : 
Haec  dum  iactasses  rex  inter  te  comitantes, 
Extitit  indignum  nostri  tibi  quippe  iuuamen." 
Ille  recusanti  precibus  nihilominus  instans 
Talibus  auersum  satagit  reuocare  loquelis 

1075     '  Deprecor  ob  superos,  conceptum  pone  furorem. 
Irani  de  nostra  contractam  decute  culpa, 
Quam  uita  comitante,  domum  si  uenero  tecum, 
Impensis  tibimet  benefactis  diluo  multis. 
Nonne  pudet  sociis  tot  cognatisque  peremptis 

1080     Dissimulare  uirum  ?  magis,  ut  mihi  quippe  uidetur, 
Uerba  ualent  animum  quam  facta  nefanda  mouere. 
lustius  in  saeuum  tumuisses  mente  tyrannum 
Qui  solus  hodie  caput  infamauerat  orbis. 
Non  modicum  patimur  dampnum  de  caede  uirt)rum. 

1085     Dedecus  at  tantum  superabit  Francia  nunuiuam. 
Antea  quis  fuimus  sublati  sibila  dantes : 

1053  Salue  P.— 1054  Trogunt  P.— 1063  caualli  P.— 1064  maestiim  P. 
—1075  Obsecro  P.,  per  P.— 1078  Impensis  P.— 1085  a  P.— 10S6  subjecti 
P. 


34  WALTHER  OF  AQUITAINE. 

"  Francorum  "  dicent  "  exercitus  omnis  ab  uno, 
Pro  pudor  ignotum  vel  quo,  est  inpune  necatus  ! "' 
Cunctabatur  adhuc  Haganon  et  pectore  sponsam 

1090     Waltario  plerumque  fidem  uoluebat  et  ipsum 
Euentum  gestae  recolebat  in  ordine  causae. 
SuppHcius  tamen  infelix  rex  institit  illi. 
Cuius  subnixe  rogitantis  acumine  motus 
Erubuit,  domini  uultum  replicabat  honorem 

1095     Uirtutis  propriae  qui  fors  uilesceret  inde, 

Si  quocumque  modo  in  rebus  sibi  parceret  istis. 
Erupit  tandem  et  clara  sic  uoce  respondit  : 
'  Quo  me  domne  uocas  ?  quo  te  sequar  indite  princeps  ? 
Quae  nequeunt  fieri,  spondet  fiducia  cordi : 

I  roc     Quis  tam  desipiens  quandoque  fijisse  probatur. 
Qui  saltu  baratrum  sponte  attemptarit  apertum  ? 
Nam  scio  Waltharium  per  campos  sic  fore  acerbum, 
Ut  tali  castro  nee  non  statione  locatus 
Ingentem  cuneum  uelut  unum  tempnat  homullum. 

1 105     Et  licet  hue  cunctos  equites  simul  atque  pedestres 
Francia  misisset,  sic  his  ceu  fecerat  istis. 
Sed  quia  conspicio  te  plus  doluisse  pudore 
Quam  caedis  dampno  nee  sic  discedere  uelle, 
Conpatior  propriusque  dolor  succumbit  honori 

II 10     Regis  :  et  ecce  uiam  conor  reperire  salutis. 

Quae  tamen  aut  numquam  ostendet  se  sine  coacte. 
Nam  propter  carum  fateor  tibi  domne  nepotem 
Promissam  fidei  normam  corrumpere  nollem. 
Ecce  in  non  dubium  pro  te  rex  ibo  periclum, 

1 1 15     Ast  hic  me  penitus  conflictu  cedere  noris. 
Secedamus  eique  locum  praestemus  eundi 
Et  positi  in  speculis  tondamus  prata  caballis. 
Donee  iam  castrum  securus  deserat  artum 
Nos  abiisse  ratus.     campos  ubi  calcet  apertos, 

1 1 20     Insurgamus  et  attonitum  post  terga  sequamur  : 
Sic  aliquod  uirtutis  opus  temptare  ualemus. 
Haec  mihi  in  abiguis  spes  est  certissima  rebus. 
Tum  bellare  potes,  belli  rex  si  tibi  mens  est : 
Quippe  fugam  nobis  numquam  dabit  ille  duobus, 


1088  Proh  P. — 1090  Walthario  P. — 1094  honore  P. — 11 17  cauallis  P. 
— 1119  ubi  campos  P. — 1121  aliquid  P. 


u  'A  L  THE  k'  or  AQU  ITA  INE.  ^5 

1 125     At  nos  aut  fugere  aut  acrum  bellare  necesse  est.' 
Laudat  consilium  satrapa  et  complectitur  illum 
Oscilloque  uirum  demulcet.     Et  ecce  receclunt. 
Insidiistiue  locum  circumspexere  sat  aptum 
Demissique  ligant  animalia  gramine  laeto. 

1 1 30         Interea  occiduas  uergebat  Phoebus  in  oras 
Ultima  per  notam  signans  uestigia  Thilen 
Et  cum  Scotigenis  post  terga  reliquit  Hiberos. 
Hic  postquam  oceanas  sensim  calefecerat  undas 
Hespera  et  ausoniis  obuertit  cornua  terris, 

1 135     Tum  secum  sapiens  cepit  tractare  satelles, 
Utrum  sub  tuto  per  densa  silentia  castro 
Sisteret,  an  uastis  heremi  conmitteret  aruis. 
Aestuat  inmensis  curarum  fructibus  et  quid 
lam  faceret,  sollers  arguta  indagine  quaerit. 

1 140     Solus  enim  Hagano  fuerat  suspectus  et  illud 
Oscillum  regis  subter  copnlexibus  actum. 
Ambigerat  prorsus,  quae  sit  sententia  menti 
Hostis  et  an  urbem  uellent  remeare  relictam, 
Pluribus  ut  sociis  per  noctem  forte  coactis 

1 145     Primo  mane  parent  bellum  renouare  nefandum 
An  soli  insidias  facerent  propiusque  laterent  ? 
Terret  ad  haec  triuiis  ignoti  silua  meatus, 
Ne  loca  fortassis  incurreret  aspera  spinis, 
Immo  quippe  feris,  sponsamque  amitteret  illis. 

1 150         His  ita  prouisis  exploratisque  profatur  : 

'  En  quocumque  modo  res  pergant,  hic  recubabo, 
Donec  circuiens  lumen  spera  reddat  amatum  ! 
Ne  patriae  fines  dicat  rex  ille  superbus 
Euasisse  fuga  furis  de  more  per  umbras.' 

1 1 55     Dixit  et  ecce  uiam  uallo  praemuniit  artam 
Undique  praecisis  spinis  simul  et  paliuris. 
Quo  facto  ad  truncos  sese  conuertit  amaro 
Cum  gemitu  et  cuicumque  suum  caput  applicat  atquc 
Contra  orientalem  prostratus  corpore  partem 

1 1 60     Ac  nudum  retinens  ensem  has  uoce  precatur  : 
'  Rerum  factori,  sed  et  omnia  facta  regenti, 


ii35coepit  P.— 1136  uasta  P.— 1137  committeret  P.— 1138  immensis 
P.— 1141  complexebus  P.— 1043  vellent  urbem  P.— 1158  geintu  P— "^ 
Hac  ensem  nudum  retinens  cum  uoce  precatur  P. 


^6  U''^4 L  THER   OF  AOL  I TA IX E. 

Nil  sine  permissu  cuius  uel  denique  iussu 
Constat,  ago  grates  quod  me  defendit  iniquis 
Hostilis  turmae  telis  nee  non  quoque  probris. 

1 165     Deprecor  at  dominum  contrita  mente  benignum, 
Ut  qui  peccantes  non  uult  sed  perdere  culpas, 
Hos  in  caelesti  praestet  mihi  sede  uideri.' 

Qui  postquam  orandi  finem  dedit,  ilico  surgens 
Sex  girauit  equos  et  uirgis  rite  retortis 

1 1 70     Vinciit ;   hi  tantum  remanebant,  nempe  duobus 
Per  tela  absumptis  ternos  rex  Gunthere  abegit. 

His  ita  conpositis  procinctum  soluit  et  alte 
Ingenti  fumans  leuiabat  pondere  corpus. 
Tum  maestam  laeto  solans  affamine  sponsam 

1 175     Moxque  cibum  capiens  aegros  recreauerat  artus, 
Oppido  enim  lassus  fuerat,  clipeoque  recumbens 
Primi  custodem  somni  iubet  esse  puellam, 
Ipse  matutinam  disponens  tollere  curam 
Quae  fuerat  suspecta  magis,  tandemque  quieuit. 

I  i.':^o     Ad  cuius  caput  ilia  sedens  solito  uigilauit 
Et  dormitantes  cantu  patefecit  ocellos. 
Ast  ubi  uir  prim  urn  iam  expergiscendo  soporem 
Ruperat,  absque  mora  surgens  dormire  puellam 
lussit  et  arrecta  se  lulciit  impiger  hasta. 

II.S5     Sic  reliquum  noctis  duxit,  modo  quippe  caballos 
Circuit,  interdum  auscultans  uallo  propiauit 
Exoptans  orbi  species  ac  lumina  reddi. 

Lucifer  interea  praeco  scandebat  Olympo 
Lucens  :  Thaprobane  darum  uidet  insula  solem. 

1190     Hora  fuit  gelidus  qua  terram  irrorat  eous. 
Aggredilur  iuuenis  caesos  spoliarier  armis 
Armorumque  habitu  tunicas  et  cetera  linquens  : 
Armillas  tantum  cum  bullis,  baltea  et  enses, 
.   Loricas  quoque  cum  galeis  detraxerat  oUis. 

1 195     Quatuor  his  onerauit  equos  sponsamque  uocatam 
Inposuit  quinto,  sextum  conscenderat  ipse 
Et  primus  uallo  perrexerat  ipse  reuulso. 
At  dum  constricti  penetratur  semita  callis, 
Circumquaque  oculis  explorans  omnia  puris 

[200     Auribus  arrectis  uentos  captauit  et  auras, 

1 163  (jui  P. — J 170  Uinxit  V . — 1172  conipositis  P. — 1189  Tapruljane  P. 


u'.u.r/i/ih'  OF  aq('it.\im:.  37 

Si  uel  nuissantes  seiitiret  ut'l  mradientes 
Siue  suporborum  crcpitantia  frena  uiroruni, 
Sen  saltern  ferrata  sonuni  daret  ungula  ec|uoruiii. 
Postquam  cuncta  silere  uidet,  praeuortit  onustas 

1205     Ouadrupedes,  muliereni  etiani  praecedere  iussit. 
Scrinia  gestanteiii  conprendens  ipse  caballuni 
Audet  inire  uiam  consueto  cinctus  amictu. 
Mille  fere  passus  transcendit  et  ecce  puella  — 
Sexus  enim  fragilis  animo  trepidare  coegit  — 

1 210     Respiciens  post  terga  uidet  descendere  binos 

Ouodani  colle  uiros  raptim  et  sine  more  meantes 
Exanguisque  uirum  conpellat  uoce  sequentem  : 
'  Dilatus  iam  ftnis  adest :  fuge,  doiiine,  propinquant ! ' 
Qui  niox  conuersus  uisos  cognouit  et  inquit : 

1215     '  Incassum  multos  mea  dextera  fuderat  hostes. 
Si  modo  supremis  laus  desit,  dedecus  assit. 
Est  satius  pulchram  per  uulnera  quaerere  mortem 
Quam  solum  amissis  palando  euadere  rebus. 
Uerum  non  adeo  sunt  desperanda  salutis 

1220     Commoda  cernenti  quondam  maiora  pericla. 
Aurum  gestantis  tute  accipe  lora  leonis 
Et  citius  pergens  luco  succede  propinquo. 
Ast  ego  in  ascensu  montis  subsistere  nialo 
Euentum  operiens  aduentantesque  salutans.' 

1225  Obsequitur  dictis  uirguncula  clara  iubentis. 
Ille  celer  scutum  collegit  et  excutit  hastam 
Ignoti  mores  equitis  temptando  sub  arm  is. 

Hunc  rex  incursans  comitante  satellite  demens 
Eminus  affatu  conpellat  ualde  superbo  : 

1230     '  Hostis  atrox  nisu  deluderis  !  ecce  latebrae 
Protenus  absistunt,  ex  quis  de  more  liciscae 
Dentibus  infrendens  rabidis  latrare  solebas. 
En  in  propatulo  si  vis  confligito  campo 
Experiens,  finis  si  fors  queat  aequiperari 

1 235     Principio.     scio  fortunam  mercede  vocasti 
Idcircoque  fugam  tempnis  seu  deditionem.' 
Alpharides  contra  regi  non  reddidit  ulla, 


1203  saltim  P. — 1204  praeuertit  P. — 1206  comprendens  P.,  cauallum 
P.— 1212  compellat  P. — 1217  pulcram  P. — 1223  subsidere  P.— 1229 
compellat  P. — 1236  Iccircoque  P. 


ERSITY  ) 


38  WALTHER  OF  AQUITAINE. 

Sed  velut  hinc  surdus  alio  convertitur  aiens : 
'  Ad  te  sermo  mihi  Hagano,  subsiste  parumper. 

1240     Quid  rogo  tarn  fidum  subito  mutauit  amicum, 
Ut,  discessurus  nuper  uix  posse  reuelli 
Qui  nostris  uisus  fuerat  conplexibus  ultro, 
Nullis  nempe  malis  laesus  nos  appetat  armis  ? 
Sperabam  fateor  de  te,  sed  denique  fallor.  . 

1 245     Quod  si  de  exilio  redeuntem  nosse  ualeres, 
Ipse  salutatum  mihimet  mox  obuius  ires 
Et  licet  inuitum  hospitii  requiete  foueres 
Pacificeque  in  regna  patris  deducere  uelles, 
Sollicitusque  fui,  quorsum  tua  munera  ferrem  : 

1 250     Namque  per  ignotas  dixi  pergens  regiones  : 

"  Francorum  uereor  Haganone  superstite  nullum." 

Obsecro  per  ludos  resipiscito  iam  pueriles, 
Unanimes  quibus  assueti  fuimusque  periti 
Et  quorum  cultu  primos  attriuimus  annos. 

1255     Inclita  quonam  migrauit  concordia  nobis 

Semper  m  hoste  domique  manens  nee  scandala  noscens  ? 

Quppe  tui  facies  patris  obliuiscier  egit, 

Tecum  degenti  mihi  patria  uiluit  ampla. 

Numquid  mente  fidem  abradis  saepissime  pactam  ? 

1260     Deprecor  hoc  abscide  nefas  neu  bella  lacessas 
Sitque  inconuulsum  nobis  per  tempora  foedus. 
Quod  si  consentis,  iam  nunc  ditatus  abibis 
Eulogiis,  rutilo  umbonem  conplebo  metallo.' 
Contra  quae  Hagano  uultu  haec  afFamina  toruo 

1 265     Edidit,  atque  iram  sie  insinuauit  apertam  : 

1266^  ['  Ne  nos  incuses,  mihi  uim  quia  tu  prior  infers.] 
Uim  prius  exerces  Walthari  postque  sopharis. 
Tute  fidem  abscideras,  cum  memet  adesse  uideres 
Et  tot  strauisses  socios  immoque  propinquos  : 
Excusare  nequis,  quin  me  tunc  affore  nosses. 

1270     Cuius  si  facies  latuit,  tamen  arma  uidebas 
Nota  satis  habituque  uirum  rescire  ualeres. 
Cetera  fors  tulerim,  si  uel  dolor  unus  abesset : 
Unice  enim  carum,  rutilum,  blandum,  pretiosum 
Carpsisti  florem  mucronis  falce  tenellum. 


1238  alio  P. — 1242  complexibus  P. — 1263  complebo  P. — 1266a  omitt- 
ed by  S.  H. 


JV^  L  TI  IHR  OF  AQ  Ul  TA  INE.  ^y 

1275     Haec  res  est  pactum  c|ua  irritasti  prior  almum, 
Iclcircoque  j^azam  cupio  pro  foedere  nullaiii. 
Sitne  tibi  soll  uirtiis  uolo  discere  in  ariiiis, 
Deque  tuis  manibus  caedem  per([uir()  nepotis, 
En  aut  oppeto,  siue  aliquid  memorabile  faxe' 

1280         Dixit  et  a  tergo  saltu  se  iecit  equino, 

Hoc  et  Guntharius  nee  segnior  egerat  heros 
Waltharius,  cuncti  pedites  bellare  parati. 
Stabat  quiscjue  ac  uenturo  se  prouidus  ictu 
Praestruxit :  trepidant  sub  peltis  martia  menbra  : 

1  285         Hora  secunda  fuit  qua  tres  hi  congrediuntur, 
Aduersuni  solum  conspirant  arma  duorum. 
Primus  maligenani  collectis  uiribus  hastam 
Direxit  Hagano  dirupta  pace,     sed  illam 
Turbine  terribilem  tanto  et  Stridore  uolantem 

1290     Alpharides  semet  cernens  tolerare  nequire 
Sollers  obliqui  delusit  tegmine  scuti : 
Nam  ueniens  clipeo  sie  est  ceu  marmore  laeui 
Excussa  et  coUem  uehementer  sauciat  usque 
Ad  clauos  infixa  solo.     Tunc  pectore  magno 

1 295     Sed  modica  ui  fraxineum  hastile  superbus 

Iecit  Guntharius,  uolitans  quod  adhaesit  in  ima 
Waltharii  parma,  quam  mox  dum  concutit  ipse, 
Excidit  ignauum  ligni  de  uulnere  ferrum. 
Omine  quo  maesti  confuso  pectore  Franci 

1300     Mox  stringunt  acies  :  dolor  est  conuersus  ad  iras 
Et  tecti  clipeis  Aquitanum  inuadere  certant. 
Strennuus  ille  tamen  ui  cuspidis  expulit  illos 
Atque  incursantes  uultu  terrebat  et  armis. 
Hie  rex  Guntharius  ceptum  meditatur  ineptum, 

1305     Scilicet  ut  iactam  subito  terraeque  relapsam 
Ante  pedes  herois  enim  diuulsa  iacebat  — 
Accedens  tacite  furtim  sustolleret  hastam  : 
Quandoquidem  breuibus  gladiorum  denique  telis 
Armati  nequeunt  accedere  cominus  illi, 

13 IG     Qui  tam  porrectum  torquebat  cuspidis  ictum. 
Innuit  ergo  oculis  uassum  praecedere  suadens 
Cuius  defensu  causam  supplere  ualeret. 

1276  Iccircoque  P. — 1284  membra  P. — 1300  iramP. — 1304  coeptum  P. 


40 


WALTHER  OF  AQUITAINE. 


Nee  mora,  progreditur  Haganon  ae  provoeat  hostem. 
Rex  quoque  gemmatum  vaginae  condidit  ensem 

131 5     Expediens  dextram  furto  tutum  faeiendo. 

Sed  quid  plura  ?  manum  pronus  transmisit  in  hastani 
Et  iam  conprensam  sensim  subtraxerat  ipsam 
Fortunae  maiora  petens.     sed  maximus  heros, 
Utpote  qui  hello  semper  sat  prouidus  esset, 

1320     Praeter  et  unius  punctum  cautissimus  horae, 
Hunc  inclinari  cernens  persenserat  actum, 
Nee  tulit  obstantem,  sed  mox  Kaganona  reuellens, 
Denique  sublato  qui  diuertebat  ab  ictu, 
Insilit  et  planta  direptum  hastile  retentat 

1325     Ac  regem  furto  captum  sie  increpitauit, 

Ut  iam  perculso  sub  cuspide  genua  labarent : 
Quem  quoque  continuo  esurienti  porgeret  Orco, 
Ni  Hagano  armipotens  citus  succuret  atque 
Obiecto  dominum  scuto  muniret  et  hosti 

1330     Nudam  äciem  saevi  mucronis  in  ora  tulisset. 
Sic  dum  Waltharius  uulnus  cauet,  ille  resurgit 
Atque  tremens  trepidusque  stetit  uix  morte  reuersus. 
Nee  mora  nee  requies  :  bellum  instauratur  amarum, 
Incurrunt  hominem  nunc  ambo  nuncque  uicissim  ; 

1335     Et  dum  progresso  se  inpenderet  acrius  uni, 
En  de  parte  alia  subit  alter  et  impedit  ictum  : 
Haud  aliter  numidus  quam  dum  uenabitur  ursus 
Et  canibus  circumdatus  astat  et  artubus  horret 
Et  caput  occultans  submurmurat  ac  propiantes 

1340     Amplexans  umbros  miserum  mutire  coartat : 
Tum  rabidi  circum  latrant  hinc  inde  molossi 
Cominus  ac  dirae  metuunt  accedere  beluae. 
Taliter  in  nonam  conflictus  fluxerat  horam 
Et  triplex  inerat  cunctis  maceratio  leti : 

1345     Terror  et  ipse  labor  bellandi  solis  et  ardor. 
Interea  herois  cepit  subrepere  menti 
Quiddam,  qui  tacito  premit  has  sub  corde  loquelas  : 
'  Si  fortuna  uiam  non  commutauerit,  isti 
Uana  fatigatum  memet  per  ludicra  fallent.' 

1350     lilico  et  elata  Haganoni  uoce  profatur  : 
'  O  paliure  uires  foliis,  ut  pungere  possis, 

1317  comprensam  P.— 1344  Atque  P.— 1346  coepit  P.— 1351  iiirens  P. 


WALTHER  OF  AQUITAINE.  41 

Tu  saltando  iocans  astu  me  ludere  temptas, 

Sed  iam  faxo,  locum  propius  ne  accedere  tardes  : 

Ecce  tuas  scio  praegrandes  ostendito  uires. 
1355     Me  piget  incassum  tantos  sufferre  labores. 

Dixit  et  exiliens  contum  contorsit  in  illum 

Qui  pergens  onerat  clipeum  dirimitque  aliquantum 

Loricae  ac  magno  modicum  de  corpore  stringit: 

Denique  praecipuis  praecinctus  fulserat  armis. 
1360         At  uir  Waltharius  missa  cum  cuspide  currens 

Euaginato  regem  inportunior  ense 

Inpetit  et  scuto  dextra  de  parte  reuulso 

Ictum  praeualidum  ac  mirandum  fecit  eique 

Crus  cum  poblite  ad  usque  femur  decerpserat  omne.  *-^.  ^-  ^  ^^ 
1365     nie  super  parmam  ante  pedes  mox  concidit  huius. 

Palluit  exanguis  domino  recidente  satelles. 

Alpharides  spatam  tollens  iterato  cruentam 

Ardebat  lapso  postremum  infligere  uulnus. 

Inmemor  at  proprii  Hagano  uir  forte  doloris 
1370     Aeratum  caput  inclinans  obiecit  ad  ictum. 

Extensam  cohibere  manum  non  quiuerat  heros, 

Sed  cassis  fabrefacta  diu  meliusque  peracta 

Excipit  assultum  mox  et  scintillat  in  altum. 

Cuius  duritia  stupefactus  dissilit  ensis 
1375     Proh  dolor  et  crepitans  partim  micat  aere  et  herbis. 
Belliger  ut  frameae  murcatae  fragmina  uidit, 

Indigne  tulit  ac  nimia  furit  efferus  ira 

Inpatiensque  sui  capulum  sine  pondere  ferri, 

Quamlibet  eximio  praestaret  et  arte  metallo. 
1380     Protinus  abiecit  monimentaque  tristia  spreuit : 

Qui  dum  forte  manum  iam  enormiter  exeruisset, 

Abstulit  hanc  Hagano  sat  laetus  uulnere  prompto. 

In  medio  iactus  recidebat  dextera  fortis 

Gentibus  ac  populis  multis  suspecta  tyrannis, 
1385     Innumerabilibus  quae  fulserat  ante  tropheis. 

Sed  uir  praecipuus  nee  laeuis  cedere  gnarus. 

Sana  mente  potens  carnis  superare  dolores 

Non  desperauit  neque  uultus  concidit  eius, 

Uerum  uulnigeram  clipeo  insertauerat  ulnam 

1354  in  corpore  P.     1359  procinctus  P. — 137S  impatiensque  P. — 1385 
trophaeis  P. 


42  WALTHER  OF  AQUITAINE. 

13CO     Incolumique  manu  mox  eripuit  semispatam, 

Qua  dextrum  cinxisse  latus  memorauimus  illum, 
Ilico  uindictam  capiens  ex  hoste  seueram. 
Nam  feriens  dextrum  Haganoni  effodit  ocellum 
Ac  timpus  resecans  pariterque  labella  reuellens 

1395     Olli  bis  ternos  discussit  ab  ore  molares. 
Tali  negotio  dirimuntur  prelia  facto. 
Quemque  suum  uulnus  atque  aeger  anhelitus  arma 
Ponere  persuasit.     quisnam  hinc  inmunis  abiret, 
Qua  duo  magnanimi  heroes  tam  uiribus  aequi 

1400     Quam  feruore  animi  steterant  in  fulmine  belli  ? 

Postquam  finis  adest,  insignia  quemque  notabant, 
Illic  Guntharii  regis  pes  palma  iacebat 
Waltharii  nee  non  tremulus  Haganonis  ocellus. 
Sic  sie  armillas  partiti  sunt  auarenses. 

1405         Consedere  duo,  nam  tertius  ille  iacebat, 

Sanguinis  undantem  tergentis  floribus  amnein. 
Haec  iter  timidam  reuocat  clamore  puellam 
Alpharides,  ueniens  quae  saucia  quaeque  ligauit. 
His  ita  conpositis  sponsus  praecepit  eidem  : 

1410     '  lam  misceto  merum  Haganoni  et  porrige  primum, 
Est  athleta  bonus  fidei  si  iura  reseruet : 
Tum  praebeto  mihi  reliquis  qui  plus  toleraui, 
Postremum  uolo  Guntharius  bibat,  utpote  segnis 
Inter  magnanimum  qui  paruit  arma  uirorum 

141 5     Et  qui  Martis  opus  tepide  atque  eneruiter  egit.' 
Obsequitur  cunctis  Heririci  filia  uerbis. 
Francus  at  obiato  licet  arens  pectore  uino  : 
'  Defer '  ait  '  prius  Alpharidi  sponso  ac  seniori 
Uirgo  tuo,  quoniam  fateor,  me  fortior  ille  est. 

1420     Non  solum  mihi  sed  cunctis  super  eminet  ille. 

Hie  tandem  Hagano  spinosus  et  ipse  Aquitanus 
Mentibus  inuicti  licet  omni  corpore  lassi 
Post  uarios  pugnae  strepitus  ictusque  tremendos 
Inter  pocula  scurrili  certamine  ludunt. 

1425     Francus  ait :   '  iam  dehinc  ceruos  agitabis  amice, 
Quorum  de  corio  wantis  sine  fine  fruaris  : 
At  dextrum  moneo  tenera  lanugine  conple, 
Ut  causae  ignaros  palmae  sub  imagine  fallas. 


1390  Incolomique  P. — 1396  proelia  P. — 1398  immunis  P. — 1402  pes 
regis  P. 


WALTIirR  OF  AQUITAINE.  43 

Wah  !  sed  quid  dicis,  quod  rituni  inlVin^ere  gentis 
1430     Ac  dextro  fcmori  gladiuni  aggloiuerare  uideris 

Uxorique  tuae,  si  qua  adeo  cura  subintrat, 

Perverso  amplexu  circumdabis  euge  sinistram  ? 

lam  quid  demoror?  en  posthactibi  quicquid  agendum  est 

Laeua  manus  faciet.'     Cui  Walthare  talia  reddit : 
1435     '  Cur  tarn  prosilias  admiror  lusce  Sicamber  : 

Si  uenor  ceruos,  carnem  uitabis  aprinam. 

Ex  hoc  iam  famulis  tu  suspectando  uidebis 

Heroum^turbas  transucrsa  tucndo  sakrtans. 

Sed  fidei  memor  antiquae  tibi  consiliabor : 
1440     lam  si  quando  domum  uenias  laribusque  propinques, 

Effice  lardatam  de  m ultra  farreque  pultam  : 

Hoc  pariter  uictum  tibi  confert  atque  medelam. 
His  dictis  pactum  renouant  iterate  coactum 

Atque  simul  regem  tollentes  ualde  dolentem 
1445     Inponunt  equiti  et  sic  disiecti  redierunt: 

Franci  Wormatiam  patriamque  Aquitanus  adiuit. 

Illic  gratifice  magno  susceptus  honore 

Publica  Hiltgundi  fecit  sponsalia  rite 

Omnibus  et  carus  post  mortem  obitumque  parentis 
1450     Ter  denis  populum  rexit  feliciter  annis. 

Qualia  bella  dehinc  uel  quantos  saepe  triumphos 

Ceperit,  ecce  stilus  renuit  signare  retusus. 

Haec  quicumque  leges  stridenti  ignosce  cicadae 

Raucellam  nee  adhuc  uocem  perpende  sed  aeuum, 
1455     Utpote  quae  nidis  nondum  petit  alta  relictis. 

Haec  est  Waltharii  poesis.     uos  saluet  Ihesus. 


1431  amodo  P.     1443  cruentum  P. — 1456  nos,  I  H  C  P. 


III. 

CHRONICON  NOVALICIENSE.* 
(Lib.  IL,  cap.  vii-xiii.) 

Cap.  vii. 

"pvICITUR  autem  in  hoc  monasterio  prisco  habuisse  tempore 
^-^  monachum  quendam  olitorem,  nomine  Waltharium,'  nobili 
ortum  stigmate  ac  regali  procreatum  sanguine.  Famosissimus 
enim  valde  ubique  fuisse  adletham,^  ac  fortis  viribus  refertur, 
sicut  de  eo  quidam  sapiens  versicanorus  scripsit : 

Waltarius  fortis,  quern  nullus  terruit  hostis 

Colla  superba  domans,  victor  ad  astra  volans. 

Vicerat  hie  totum  duplici  certaniine  mundvim, 

Insignis  bellis,  clarior  ast  meritis. 

Hunc  Boreas  rigidus3  tremuit  quoque  torridus  Indus, 

Ortus  et  occasus  solis  eum  metuit. 

Cuius  fama  suis  titulis  redimita  coruscis, 

Ultra  caesareas  scandit  ab  hinc  aquilas. 

Hie  post  multa  prelia  et  bella,  quae  viriliter  in  seculo  gesserat. 
cum  iam  prope  corpus  eius  senio  conficeretur,  recordans  •♦  pon- 
dera  suorum  delictorum,  qualiter  ad  rectam  penitentiam  s  perve- 
nire  mereretur.  Qui  cum  in  monasterio,  ubi  districtior  norma 
custodiretur  monachorum,  explere  melius  animo  de  liberasset, 
continuo  baculum  queritans  perpulchrum,  in  cuius  summitate 
plurimis  configi  precepit  anulis,  qui  per  singulis  ^  ipsorum  ano- 
rum  7  singulis  ^  tintinnabulis  appendi  fecit ;  sumensque  habitum 
peregrini,  atque  cum  ipso  pene  totum  peragrans  mundum,  ut 
exploraret  cum  ipso  studia  vite  monachorum  atque  regulam 
ipsorum,  ad  quorumcumque?  pervenisset  monasteria.  Tuncque 
illam,  quam  olim  ferunt  ^°  peregrinationem  habuisse,  aggressus 


*  The  text  of  the  '  Chronicon  Novaliciense '  is  here  reprinted  from  that  published  by 
Pertz,  'Mon.  Ger.  Hist.'  Vol.  vii,  cap.  7-13.  The  varsants  in  Muratori  (M.)  are  given 
below  the  text ;  those  found  in  Piper  (P.),  but  not  in  Muratori,  are  designated  b\-  the  abbre- 
viation P.  (v).     Differences  of  orthography  have  been  omitted  in  noting  the  variants. 

I  Waltarius. — 2  fuisse  refertur  athleta  ac  fortis  viribus  sicut. — 3 
Hunc  Heroa  (per)  tremuit. — 4  recardatus. — 5  not  read  by  M. — 6  singu- 
los. — 7  anulorum. — 8  singulos. — 9  quodcumque. — 10  fertur. 


H\-1  L  TH  ER  OF  AQ  U I  TA  INE.  ^  3 

est.  Qui  cum  in  qualiqumque  inyrederctur  Moiiasterium  tem- 
pore," quo  ipsi  monachi  ad  laudes  Deo  reddendas  intrabaut. 
Hoc  enim  ipse  valde  observabat  percuciebat  siquidem  bis  vel  ter 
cum  ipso  baculo  pavimentum  ecclesiae,  ut  ad  sonitum  ipsorum 
tintinnabulorum  discernerct  illorum  disciplinam.  Krat  cuim  in 
eo  maxima  calliditas,  et  sollertis"  exploratio,  ut  sic  monachorum 
disciplinam  agnosceret.  Qui  cum,  ut  supra  retulimus,  prope 
totum  peragrasset  cosmum,  venit  utique  ad  novaliciensem,  tunc 
in  studio  sanctitatis  famosissinium '3  monasterium.  Ubi  cum 
ingressus  esset'**  ecclesiam,  percussit  more  solito,  ecclesiae 
solum.  Ad  quem  sonitum  quidam  ex  pueris  retrorsum  aspi- 
ciens,  ut  videret,  quid  hoc  esset, 's  protinus  magister  schole  in 
eum  prosiliens,  alapa  percussit  pueram  alumpnum.  Ubi  ergo 
Waltarius  talia  vidit,  ingemuit  illico  et  ait :  "En  ergo  hie,  quod  '* 
multis  diebus  nonnuUa  terrarum  spacia  quaeritans  repperire  talia 
adhuc  non  valui."  Exiens  igitur  statim  ab  ecclesia,  manda\it  si- 
quidem abbati,  ut  secum  colloquium  habere  dignaretur.'?  Cui 
cum  suam  insinuasset  voluntatem,  in  proximo  habitum  sumens 
monachorum,  efficitur  protinus  cultor  orti,  sponti  et  voluntarie, 
ipsius  monasterii.  Ipse  vero  accipiens  duas  longissimas  funes, 
extenditique  eas  per  ortum,  unam  scilicet  per  longum  alteram 
namque  per  transversum,  tempore'*  estatis  omnes  noxias  in 
illas  '9  suspendebat  erbas,  videlicet  radicibus  ^°  ipsarum  desuper 
expandebat  contra  solis  fervorem,  ut  ultra  non  vivihcarentur. 

C.\P.  viii. 

T_riC  ergo  Waltarius  quisvel  unde  nuperrime  fuerit,  vel  a  quo 
patre  genitus  sit,  non  est  bonum  silencio  abscondere- 
Fuit  enim  quidam  rex  in  Aquitanie  regnum  nomine  Alferus.^' 
Hie  de  coniuge  propria  habuit  filium  nomine  Waltarium,"  quem 
supra  nominavimus.  Huius  temporibus  in  Burgundie  regnum 
alius  rex  extiterat  nomine  Eriricus,^3  qui  similiter  habuit  hliam 
valde  decoram  nomine  Ildegundam.^4  Hii  vere  reges  iuramen- 
tum  inter  se  dederant,  ut  quando  ipse  pueri  ad  legitimam  etatem 
primitus  venissent,  se  invicem  sociarent,  scilicet  cum  tempus 
nubendi  illis  uenisset.     Qui  ergo  pueri  antequam   se  sociarent. 


ir  in  tempore. — 12  solers. — 13  florentissimum. — 14  foret. — 15  erat. — 
16  qui. — ijdignetur. — 18  ac  tempore. — 19  illis. — 20  radices. — 21  Alteri- 
us. — 22  Waltarius. — 23  Criricus  Mur.  and  Bethni.,  Eriricus  P. — 24  Ilde- 
gunde. 


46  WALTHER  OF  AQUITAINE. 

subiecta  sunt  regna  patrum  suorum  atque  ipsi  obsides  dati  sub 
dicione  regis  Atile  Flagellum  Dei,  qui  eos  secum  duxerat  cum 
Aganone  obside  regis  Francorum  nomine  Gibico. 

Cap.  ix. 

TT  II  namque  pueri  Attila  causa  obsidionis  a  propriis  accipiens 
patronibus  ^s    cum    maxima    pecunia,    ad    sua   cum    suis 
repetit^^  arva.     Sic  quidam  ^?  metricanorus  de  ipsis  ait : 

Tunc  Avares  gazis  onerati  denique  multis, 
Obsidibus  sumptis  Haganone,  Hilgunde  puella 
Necnon  Walthario,  redierunt  pectore  laeto. 
Attila  Pannonias  ingressus  et  urbe  receptus, 
Exulibus  pueris  magnam  exhibuit  pietatem, 
Hac^s  veliiti  proprios  nutrire  iubebat  alumpnos. 
Virginis29  et  curam  reginam  mandat  habere. 
Ast  adolescentes  propriis  conspectibus  ambos 
Semper  inesse  iubet,3o  sed  et  artibus  imbuitillos, 
Presertimque  iocis  belli  sub  tempore  habentis. 
Qui  simul  ingenio  crescentessi  mentis  et  aevo, 
Robore  vincebant  fortes  animoque  sophistas, 
Donec  iam  cunctos  superarent  fortiter  Hunos. 
Militiae  primos  tunc  Attila  fecerat  illos; 
Sed  non  inmerito  ;  quoniam  si  quando  moverat 

bella  per  insignes  regionum  illarum,  isti  ex  pugna  victoria  mica- 
bant,  ideoque  princeps  ille  quidnia^  dilexerat  illos?  Virgo 
etiam,  quae  cum  ipsis  ducta  fuerat  captiva,  Deo  sibi  prestante 
reginae  placavit  vultum,  et  ipsa  auxit  illi  amorem.  Ex  33  nobilis 
ergo  moribus  et  operum  34  habundans  sapientiae,  ad  ultimum 
vero  fit  ipsa  regis  et  reginae  thesauris  custoda  35  cunctis 

Et  modicum  deests^  quin  regnet  et  ipsa  ; 

Nam  quicquid  voluit  de  rebus  fecit  et  actis. 
Gybichus  3?  interea  rex  Francorum  defungitur,  et  regno  illo 
Cundharius  eius  3^  successit  filius,  statimque  foedera  Pannonia- 
rum  dissolvit,  atque  censum  illi  deinceps  negavit.  At  vero 
Haganus  exul,  agnita  proprii  domini  morte,  ilico  fugam  parat. 
Ex  cuius  discessum  39  rex  cum  regina  multum  dolentes,  Waltha- 
rium  retinere  nitentes,  ne  forte  simili  exitu  ilium  ammittentes,4° 


99 

lOO 


25  patronis. — 26  redivit. — 27  quidem. — 28  Ac. — 29  reginae  P.  {vari. 
ants). — 30  For  the  following  verses  cf. — Muratori,  Antiq.  Ital.'  iii, 
Diss.  44,  pp.  965-972.— 31  crescentis. — 32  quidam. — 33  Ea  P.  wanting 
in  M. — 34  operibus. — 35  custodia. — 36  deese. — 37  Gybicus. — 38  ei. — 
39  discessu. — 40  amitterent. 


WALTHER  OF  AQUITAIS'i:.  47 

rogare  ilium  coeperunt,  ut  filiani  alicuius  rcij^is  satrapis  Paniioni- 

arum  summeret  sibi  uxorem,   et  ipse  anipliaret  illi   rure*'  do-  136 

mosque.     Quibus  Waltharius  talia  respondit  verba:  ,38 

"Si  nuptam,"  inquid,  "  accipiam  secundum  domini  preceptum,  ,50 

In  primis  vinciar  curis  et  amore  puelle,  '5> 

Aedificare  dumos  cultumqiie  intendere  niris.  153 

Nil  ergo,  mi  senior,  tarn  dulce  mihi,  quam  semper  tibi  inrssf  ,58 
fidelis  ,  teque  optime  deprecor  pater  per  propriam  vitam  atque  165 
per  invictam  gentem  Pannoniarum, 

I't  non  ulteriiis  me  cogas  sumere  taedas."  «67 

Cumque  42  haec  dixisset,  sermones  statim  deserit  omnes. 

Sicque  rex   deceptus.  sperans  Waltharium  recedere  numquam. 
Moxque  satrapae  illi  certissima  venerat  fama  de  quandam  gen-  170 
tern  quondam  "•=  ab  Hunis  devictam  44  super  se  iterum   hostiliter 
ruentem."*5 

Tunc  ad  Waltharium  convertitur  actio  rerum  ; 

Qui  46  mox  militiam  percensiiit  ordine  totam,  174 

Et  bellatorum  confortat  corda  siiorum.  17s 

Nee  mora,  consurgit,  sequiturque  exercitus  omnis.  179 

Et  ecce  locum  conspexerat  pugnae,  iSo 

Et  numeratam  per  latos  äciem  campos  ; 

lamque  congressus  uterque  infra  tell  iactum 

Constiterat  cuneus.     Tunc  utique  clamor  ad  auras 

Tollitur ;  horrenda  confundit  classica  voce, 

Continuoque  hastae  volitant  hinc  indeque  densae.  18s 

Fraxinus  et  cornus47  kidum  miscebat  in  unum. 

Fulminis  inque  moduni  cuspis  vibrata  micabat.  187 

Fulmineos  promunt48  henses  clipeosque  revolvunt.  192 

Inde  concurrit  acies,  et  postmodum49  pugnam  restaurant, 

Ibiquepectora^quorum  partim  rumpuntur  pectoribus, 

Sternuntur  et  quasdam  partes  virorum  duro  umhonr. 

Waltharius  tarnen  in  medio  furit  agmine  hello, 

Obviaso  quaeque  metens  armis,  hac  limite  pergens. 

Hunc  ubi  conspiciunt  hostes  tantas  dare  strages, 

Acsi  presentem  metuebant  cernere  mortem  ; 

Et  quemcumque  locum  sc'u  dextram  siv^  sinistram  200 

Waltharius  p^teret,  cuncti  mox  terga  dederunt.  aoi 

Cumque  ex  victoria  coronati  lauro  Waltharius  cum  Hunis 
reverteretur,  mox  palatini  ministri  arcis 

Ipsius  laeti  occurrerunt,  gquitemque  tenebant, 

41  rura. — 42  quum  P.  (v). — 43  quadam  gente  P.  (v). — 44  devicta. — 
45  ruente. — 46  Quos. — 47  cornua, — 48  premunt. — 49  per  modum. — 50 
Nunc. — 51  coronatus. 


210- 
212 


48  WALTHER  OF  AQUITAINE. 

Donee  vir  inclitus  ex  alta  descenderent  52  sella. 

Quique53  demutn  forte  requirunt  si  bene  r^s  vergant. 

Qui  modicum  illis  narrans  inlraverat  aulam. 

Erat  enim  oppido  lassus,54  regisque  cubile  petebat.  22c 

Illicque  in  ingressu  Hilgundem  solam  offendit  residentem  ; 

Cui  post  amabilem  amplexionem  atque  dulcia  oscula  dixit : 

"  Ocius  hue  potum  ferto,  quia  fessus  anhelo." 

lila  mero  tallum  complevit  mox  pretiosum, 

Atque  55  Walthario  ad  bibendum  obtulit  :     Qui  signans  22; 

accepit,56 
Virgineamque  manum  propria  constrinxit ;  at  ilia 
Reticens  vultum  intendit  in  eum. 

Cumque  Waltharius  bibisset  vacuum  vas  reddidit  illi — 
Ambo  enim  noverant  de  se  sponsalia  facta — 
Provocat  et  tali  caram  sermone  puellam  :  57 
"  Exilium  pariter  partimur  iam  tempore  tanto. 
Non  ignoramus  enim,  quod  nostri  quondam  parentes 
Inter  s^  nostra  de  xe  fecere  futura."  23: 

Quae  cum  diu  talia  et  alia  huiusmodi  audisset  virgo  verba, 
cogitabat  hoc  illi  per  hyroniam  dicere,  sed  paululum   cum  con-  231 
ticuisset,  talia  illi  fatur : 

"  Quid  lingua  simulas  quod  58  ab  imo  pectore   dampnas  ? 

Ore  mihi  fingis,  toto  quod  corde  refutas, 

Tamquam  si  sit  tibi  magnus  pudor  ducere  nuptam." 

Vir  sapiens  contra  respondit,  et  intulit  ista  :  241 

"Absit,  quod  memoras.     Dextrorsum  porrige  sensum.  24 

Scis  enim,  nil  umquam  59  me  simulata  mente  locutum.  24 

Adest   itaque    hic^°   nuUus,    exceptis    nobis    duobus.     Amodo  24, 

namque  esto  mente  sollicita,  quae  extrinsecus  es  regis  reginaeque  26 

thesauris  custoda. 

In  primis  galeam  regis  tunicamque  trilicem  26 

Assero^i  loricam  fabrorum  insigne  ferentem. 

Diripe  bina,  dehinc  mediocria  scrinia  tolle.  26 

His  armillarum  tantum  da  Pannonicarum, 

Donee  vix  releves  unum  ad  pectoris  honum,62 

Inde  quaterbmum  mihi  fae  de  more  eoturnum.  20: 

Insuper  a  fabris  hamos  clam  posce  retortos.  27 

Nostra  viatica  sint  pisces  simul  atque  volucres. 

Ipse  ego  piscator  sed  auceps  esse  cohartor.63 

Haee  intra  ebdomede64  eaute  per  singula  comple. 

Audisti  quod  habere  vianti  forte  65  necesse  est.  ^7: 

Postquam  septenos  Phoebus  remeaverit  orbes  ^7 

Convivia  laeta  parabo  279I 

Regi  ac  reginae,  satrapis,  ducibus  famulisque,  ^7! 

Atque  omni  ingenio  potu  sepelire  studebo,65  28( 


52  deseenderet. — 53  Quemque. — 54  lapsus. — 55  Quern. — 56  recepit. 
— 57  sermone  ....  velli. — 58  quid. — 59  enim  numquam. — 60  Adest 
heic. — 61  Affer. — 62  onus. — 63  cohortor. — 64  hebdomadem. — 65  forte 
wanting. — 66  potus  saepius  illinire  studebo. 


//  \-l  L  TI  I  ER  OF  AOCI  /V/  /N/C. 


49 


ita  ut  nullus  supersit/'^  (jui  ^^  sciat  vel  reco:^noscat,  cur  ucl  ol) 
quam  causam  factum  sit  talc  ^9  convivium.  Te  tarnen  pre- 
moneo  mcdiocriter  vinuui  7^  utere,  utvix  sitim  extiiiguasad  meii- 
sani.  Reliqui  vero  cum  surrexerint,  tu  ilico  ad  nota  rccurre 
opuscula.     At  ubi  potus  violentia  supcraverit  cunctos,  285 

Tunc  simul  occiduas  properemus  querere  partes." 
Virgo  vero  dicta  viri  valde  memor  praecejita  conipk-vit. 

Et  ecce 
Prefinita  dies  epulariim  venit,  et  ipse 
Waltharius  qui  7«  magnis  instruxit  sumptibus  escas. 

Luxuria  denique  in  media  residebat  mensa.     Rex  itaque  inured-  290 
itur  aulam,  velis  undique  septam  ;   heros  ^^  itaque  solitf)  morels 
salutans  quem  magnanimus  ^* 

Duxerat  ad  solium,  quern  bissus  conu")sit75  et  ostrum. 

Consedit,  laterique  duces  hinc  indeque  binos 

Assedere  iubet ;  reliquos  locat  ipse  minister  295 

Centenos  simul  accubitus,  et  diversas  dapes  libans  297.-«  297 

convivia  76  redundat, 
His  sublatis  alie  referuntur  edende,  398 

Et  pigmentatos  77  crateres  Bachus  adornat.  301 

Waltharius  cunctos  ad  vinum  ortatur  et  escam. 
Postquani  depulsa  fames  fiierat78  atque  sublata  mensa, 
Waltharius  iamdictus  dominum  letanter  adhorsus  305 

Dixit:  "  In  hoc  rogito  gratia  vestra79  ut  clarescat 
In  priniis,  atque  vos  reliquos  laetiticetis." 
Qui  simul  in  verbo  nappam  dedit  arte  peractam,8o 
Gestam  referentem  priorum  81  ordinem  sculture  ipsius. 
Quam  rex  accipiens  uno  austu  vacuaverat.  310 

Et  confestim  iubet  reliquos  omnes  tali  bibitione  iniitari.s^ 
Tunc  citissime  accurrunt  pincerne  atque  recurrunt  ; 
Pocula  plene  dabant  et  inania  suscipiebant.  313 

Ebrietas  fervens  tota  dominatur  aula. 83 
Balbutit  madido  facundia  fusa  palato. 
Seniores  fortes  videres  plantis  titubare: 
Taliter  in  seram  produxit84  bacciiica  noctem. 

Nam  ire  ^5  volentes  Waltharius  munere  retraxit,  donee  pressi^^ 
somno  potuque  gravati  per  porticibus  sternuntur  humo  tenus 
omnes  passim.     Eciamsi  tota  civitas  igne  fuisse  ^^  succense,  et 

67  superius  sit. — 68  ut. — 69  fit. — 70  vino. — 71  luanting. — 72  Heroes. 
— 73  more  wanting. — 74  magnanimitas. — 75  composuit. — 76  conviva. — 
77  pigmentatas  P.  (v.) — 78  fuerat  wanting. — 79  gratiani  vestram. — So 
paratam. — 81  prior  ....  ordinem. — 82  incitari. — 83  in  aula. — 84  perdux- 
it. — 85  Nam  in  re. — 86  perfessi.— 87  fuisset. 


315 


50  WALTHER  OF  AQUITAINE. 

ipse^^  flamivoma  super  ipsos  crassari  videretur,  scilicet  niinitans 
mortem, 

Nullus  remansitjSg  qui  scire  potuisset  causam. 

Tandem  dilectam  vocat  ad  semet9°  mulierem, 

Precipiens  causas  citiusQ'  deferre  paratas. 

Et  ipse  de  stabulis  duxit  victorem  92  aequorum, 

Quem  ob  virtutem  leonem  vocitaverat  ipse. 

Stat  sonipes,  ac  frena  ferox  spumatia  mandit, 

Postquam  enim  hunc  caballam  ligamentis  solito  circum- 

dederat,  ecce 
Scrinia  plena  gazae,  quibus  utrique  suspendit  lateri, 
Atque  itinere  longo  modicella  ponit  cibaria, 
Loraque  virgineae  mandat  fluitantia  dextrae. 
Ipseque  vestit  93  lorica  more  gygantis, 
Atque  capiti  inposuit  suo  rubras  cum  casside  cristas, 
Ingentesque  complectitur  aureis  ocreis 
Et  levum  femur  ancipiti  precinxerat  hense, 
Atque  alio  dextrum  pro  ritu  Pannoniarum. 
His  tamen  ex  una  tantum  dat  vulnera  parte. 94 
Tunc  hastam  dextra  rapiens  clipeumque  sinistra, 
Coeperat  invisa  terra  trepidus  decedere. 

Femina  duxit  ^quum,  nonnulla  talenta  gereutem.  • 

Ipsa  vero  in  manibus  virgam  tenet  simul  colurnam. 
In  qua  piscator95  hamum  transponit  in  undam. 
Nam  idem  vir  maximus96  gravatus  erat  undique  t^lis  ; 
Üb  hoc  suspectam  habuit  cuncto  sibi  tempore  pugnam. 
Sed  cum  prima  lumina  Phoebus  rubens  terris  ostendit, 
In  silvis  latitare  Student,  et  opaca  requirunt. 
Ergo  97  tantum  timor  pectora  muliebria  pulsabat, 
Ut  cunctos  susurros,  auras  vel  ventos  horrerat,98 
Formidans  collisos  racemos  sive  volucres. 
Vicis  diffugiunt,  speciosa99  novalia  linquunt, 
Montibus  intonsis  cursus  ambage  recurvos. 
Ast  Hrbis  populus  somno  vinoque  solutus. 
Sed  postquam  surgunt,  ductorem  quique  1°°  requirunt, 
Ut  grates  faciant  hac  i°i  festa  laude  salutent. 

Attila  nempe  utraque  manu  caput  amplexatur,'°-  6'grediturque 
thalamo  ipse  rex  ;  Waltharium  dolendo  advocat,  ut  proprium 
quereret  forte  dolorem.  Cui  respondent  ipsi  ministri,  se  non 
potuisse  invenire  virum  ;  sed  tamen  princeps  sperat,  eundem 
Waltharium  in  somno  quietum  recubare  tentum  hactenus,  hac 

88  ipsa. — 89  remansisset. — 90  ad  se  mox. — 91  quantocius. — 92  melio-. 
rem. — 93  vestitus. — 94  partem. — 95  discator. — 96  maxime. — 97  erga  ? — 
98  Ut  ad  cunctos  s.  aurae  v.  venti  haereret. — 99  Spatiosa. — 100  quo- 
que. — loi  ac. — 102  amplexatus. 


38o 
381 
385 


U:U.T///-:h'  Ol'  AQUITAINE.  51 

Dccultum  locum  sibi  (lelc\t;isse  sopori.  Ospirin  vero  rcLjina,  hoc  illi 
nomen  erat,  postquam  cognovit  Hildcgunde  abessg  nee  vestem 
deferre  iuxta  su^^tum  morem,  trlstior  satrapa  inmensis  strepens 
clammoribus  dixit : 

"  O  detestandas  qiias  \\cx'\  .siuiii)simu.s  tscas  ! 
O  viniim,  quod  Pannonias  destruxerat  onines  ! 
Quod  domino  regi  iam  diidum  prescia  dixi, 
Approbat  iste  dies,  quern  nos  superare  nequimus. 
Hen  !  103  hodie  imperii  nostri  c£'cidisse  coiumpna 
Noscitur  ;  hen  !  '°4  robur  procul  ivit'os  et  inclita  virtus, 
Waltharius  hix  Pannoniae  discesserat  inde  ; 
Hildgundem  quoque  mi  106  karam  deduxit  alunipnam  !  " 
Lam  princeps  efferus  '07  nimia  succenditur  ira. 
Mutant  priorem  laetitiam  merentia  corda. 
Sic  intestinis  rex  fluctuatur  undique  curis, 
Atque  ipso  quippe  die  fastidit  omnino  potus  108  et  £'scam,  ^  ' 

Nee  placidam  curam  membris  potuit  dare  quietem.  ^^° 

At  ubi  nox  supervenit  atra, 
Decidit  in  lectum,  ubi  nee  lumina  clausit, 
A'ertiturque  frequenter  de  latus '09  in  latere 

Tamquam  si  iacula  "o  transfixus  esset  acuta.'"  ^^* 

Indeque  surgens  discurrit  in  urbem,  ^' 

Atque  thorum  veniens,  simul  attigit  atque  reliquid. 
Taliter  insomnem  consumpserat  Attila  noctem. 
At  profugi  comites  per  arnica  silentia  euntes.  ''°° 

Tunc  rex  votum  '"  fecerat,  ut  si  quis  Waltharium  illi  vinctum  +°3 
afferret,  4°4 

Mox  ilium  aurum  "3  vestiret  saepe  recoctum  "4  '♦°5 

Sed  nullus  in  tarn  magna  regione  ^°^ 

Fuit  inventus  tyrannus,  dux  sive  comes  s^u  miles  sive  minister, 
qui    quamvis   proprias    ostendere    cuperet    vires,    Waltharium 
aliquando  iratum   presumpserit  armis  insequi.     Nota  siquidem 
virtus  eius  fuerat  facta  "s  prope  omnibus  terrae"^  habitatoribus.  ■*'-'' 
Qui  Waltharius,  ut  dixi,  fugiens  noctibus  ivit,  atque  die  saltus  -^'^ 
requirens  et  arbusta  densa.  Hic"7  veroarteaccersita  pariter  volu-  ^^° 
eres  arte  capit,  nunc  fallens  visca,"^  nunc  fisso  denique  ligno. 
Similiter  in  flumina  inmittens  hamum,  rapiebat  sub  gurgitibus 
predam, 

Sicque  famis  pestem  pepulit  tolerando  laborem.  -t^s 

Namque  toto  tempore  fugae  se  virginis  usu 


410 


413 


103  Heu. — 104  en. — 105  procubuit  et. — 106  Hildegunde  mihi. — 107 
effera. — 108  potum. — 109  latere. — no  iaculis. — in  acutis. — 112  notum. 
— 113  auro. — ii4recocto. — 115  facta  fuerat. — 116  terrae  wanting. — 117 
Heic. — 118  visco. 


44! 


5  2  IV.-i  L  TH  ER  OF  A  O  U  ITA  INE. 

Continuit  vir  Waltharius,  laudabilis  heros. 
Et  ecce  quadraginta  dies  sol  per  mundum  circumflexerat, 

Ex  quo  Pannonia  fuerat  digressus  ab  urbe.  43 

Er.g;o  eo  "9  die,  quo  numerum  clauserat  istum, 

Venit  ad  fluvium  iam  vespere  mediante, 

Cui  nomen  est,  R^num.^o  qua  cursus  tendit  ad  urbeni 

Nomine  Warmatiam,  regali  sede  nitentem. 

Illic  pro  naulo  pisces  dedit  antea  captos ;  ^3 

Cumque  esset  transpositus,  graditur  properanter  anhćius. 

Orta  vero  dies, 

Portitor  exsurgens  ^^i  prefatam  venit  in  urbem, 

Ubi  regali  coquo,  reliquornm  certe  magistro, 

Detulerat  pisces,  quos  vir  ille  viator  dederat.  ^^ 

Hos  vero  dum  pigmenlis  condisset  et  apposuisset 

Regi  Cundhario,  miratus  fatur  ab  alto : 

"  Ergo  istiusmodi  pisces  mihi  "^  Francia  numquam  ostendit.         44 

Die  mihi  quantotius,  cuihas  123  homo  detulit  illos  ?  " 

At  124  ipse  respondens  narrat,  quod  nauta  dedisset. 

Tunc  princeps  hominem  iussit  accersire  eundem  ; 

Et  cum  venisset,  de  rś  quesitus  eadem 

Talia  dicta  dedit  et  causam  ^^s  ex  ordine  pandit : 

"  Uespere  enim  preterito '^^  residebam  ego  litore  Rh^ni. 

Conspexi,  et  ecce  viatorem  vidi  festinanter  venire, 

Tamquam  pugne  "7  per  membra  paratum. 

Aere  ^^^  etenim  poenitus  fuerat,  rex  inclite  cinctus  ; 

Gerebat  namque  scutum  gradiens,'^?  et  hastam  choruscam, 

Viro  certe  forti  similis  fuit,  et  quamvis  ingens 

Asportaret  honus,  gressum  tamen  extulerat  acrem. 

Hunc  incredibiH  130  forme  puella  decorata  nitore 

Assequebatur,  ipsaque  caballum  per  lora  rexit  robustum,  "^i 

bina  quidem  scrinia  non  parva  ferentem  dorso.  Quae  scrinia,'32 
dum  cervicem  sonipes  ille  ^31  discutiebat  ad  altum,  voluminaque 
crurum  superba  glomerare  cupiebat,  dabant  sonitum  quasi  quis 
gemmis  illiserit  aurum.  Hie  miles  mihi  presentes  pro  munere 
dederat  pisces." 

Cumque  his  '33  Hagano  audisset  verbis  '34  —  residebat  quippe 
ad  mensam — 

Laetus  '35  in  medium  prompsit  de  pectore  verbum  ; 
"  Congaudete  mihi,  queso,  quia  talia  136  novi.  ^, 

Waltharius  collega  meus  remeavit  ab  Hunis."  *  ' 

Cundharius  vero  princeps  atque  superbus  ex  hac  ratione»37  "*  ' 

Vociferatur,  et  omnis  ei  mox  138  aula  reclamat :  ^" 

119  ea. — 120  Rhenus. — 121  pariter  exurgens. — 122  mihi  wanting. — 
123  quinam. — 124  Et. — 125  causamque. — i26per  terram. — 127  pugnare. 
128  qua  re. — 129  gratiens. — 130  incredibilis. — 131  scrupes — ille. — 132 
voluminaque  wanting.— y^t^  hoc— 134  verbum.— 135  cuius.— 136  utilia. 
— 137  oratione. — 138  mox  ei. 


457: 


46; 


ir.lL  77//:: A-  O/-'  AOUITAfNE. 


53 


"  Congaudete  mihi,  iubeo,  quia  ^jazam,  quam  Gybichus  rex  pater  ^^° 
meus  transmisit  Attile  regi  Hunorum,  banc  mihi  cunctipotens  '39 
hue  in  mea  regna  remisit." 

Qui  cum  dixisset  taHa,  mensam  pede  perculit,'^°  et  exiliens 
ducere  '■•'  aequum  iubet  et  sellam  componere  ilico  sculptam  ; 
atque  de  omni  plebe  elegit  duodecim  viros,  viribus  insignes  et  475 
plerumque  animis  probates,  inter  quos  simul  ire  Haganone  iube- 
bat.  Qui  ^■♦^  Hagano  memor  antiquae  fidei  et  prions  sotii,'^3  nite- 
batur  transvertere  rebus.  Rex  tamen  £  contra  instat  et  clamat :  +£0 
"  Ne  tardate,  viri  !  '44  precingite  corpora  ferro!  "  m5  481 

Instructi  itaque  mihtes  t^'lis  nam  iussio  regis  urgebat,  exiebant  '•''^  484 
portis,  ut  Waltharium  caperent,  sed  omnimodis  Hagano  prohi- "" Xi 
bere  studebat.     At  infelix  rex  coepto  itinere  resipiscere  '-»7  non 
vult.     Interea   vir  inclitus    atque    magnanimus   Waltharius   de 
flumine  pergens  venerat  in  silvam  Vosagum  '-»^  ab  antiquis  tern-  490 
poribus  vocitatam  ;  nam  nemus  est  ingens  et  spatiosum,  atque 
repleta    ferarum    plurima   habens  ibi   suetum  canibus  resonare 
tubisque.     In  ipsa  itaque  sunt  bini  '•»9  montes  in  secessu  ipsius 
atque  propinqui,  in  quorum  medium  '5°  quamvis  angustum  sit  -»94 
spatium,  tamen  specus  extat  amoenum. 

Mox  iuvenis  ut  vidit,  "  Hue  "  inquit  "eamus."  *93 

Nam  postquani  fugiens  Avarorum  arvis  '5'  discesserat,  s«» 

Xon  aliter  somni  requiem  gustaverat  idem, 
Quam  super  innixus  clipeo  vix  clauserit'52  oculus. 

Turn,   demum   bellica  deponens  '53  arma,  dixit  virgini,  in  cuius 
gremium  fuerat  fusus : 

"  Circumspice  caute,  Hildegund,'54  et  nebulam  si  tolli  videris  5°^ 
atram,  tactu  blando  me  surgere  commonitato.'^s     Etiamsi  mag- 
nam  conspexeris  ire  catervam,  ne  subito  me  excutias  a  somno,  508 
mi  kara,  cav^to  ;  sed  instantem  cunctam  circa  explora  regionem." 

Haec  ait,  statim  oculos  conclauserat  ipse,  desiderantes  frui  510 
iamdiu  satis  optata  requie. 

Ast  ubi  Cundharius  vestigia  pulvere  vidit, 

Cornipedem  rapidum  saevis  calcaribus  urguet,  dicens  :  '56  5m 

"  Accelerate  uiri !  iam  nunc  capietis  eumdem.  5i6 

Xumquani  hodie  effugiet :  furata  talenta  relinquet." 

Illico  inclitus  Hagano  contra  mox  reddidit  ista : 

"  Unum  tantum  verbum  dico  tibi,  regum  fortissime  : 

139  cuncta  potens. — 140  percutit. — 141  duodecim  elegit  viros  vita  in- 
signes et  animis. — 142  quos. — 143  sortis. — 144  vestra. — 145  ferris. — 146 
exibant. — 147  respicere. — 14S  Vosagum  icauting. — 149  binae. — 150 
medio. — 151  armis. — 152  clauserat. — 153  depones. — 154  Hildegunda. 
— 155  commone. — 156  dicens  wanting. 


34  IVA  L  TH  ER  OF  A  QU  ITA  INE. 

Si  tolies  tu  Waltharium  pugnasse  videres,  ^^*" 

Quotiens  ego  nova  caede  furentem, 

Xumquam  tarn  facile  spoliandum  forte  putares. 

Vidi  Pannonicas  acies,  cum  bella  agerenti57 

Contra  aquilonares  sive^sS  australes  regiones. 

Illic  Waltharius  propria  virtute  choruscus,  525 

Hostibus  invisus,  sociis  mirandus  obibat. 

Quisquis  ei  congressus  erat,  mox  Tartara  vidit, 

O  rex  et  comites,  experto  credite,  quantus  'S9 

In  clipeum  surgat,  qua  turbine  'ß»  torqueat  hastam." 

Sed  dum  Cundharius  nialesana  mente  gravatus  ^-'''^ 

Nequaquam  flecti  posset,  castris  propiabant.16' 

At  Hiltgund  de  vertice  montis  procul  aspiciens. 

Pulvere  sublato  ^6=  venientes  sensit ;  ipsum 

Waltharium  placidotactu  vigilare  monebat.  534 

Eminus  illa  refert  quandam  volitare  phalangam.163  53*^ 

Ipse  vero  oculos  tentos  summi  '64  glaucomate  purgans, 

Paulatim  rigidos  ferro  vestiverat  artus.  53^ 

Cumque  paululum  properassent,  mulier  corusscantes  ut  vidit  542 

hastas,  stupefacta  nimis    "  Hunos    hie " '^5   inquit    "  habemus." 

Qui  ^^^  ilico  in  terram  cadens  effatur  talia  tristis  : 

*'  Obsecro,  mi  senior,  mea  colla  seccentur,  545 

Utque  non  1^7  merui  thalamo  sociari. 

Nullius  iam  ulterius  paciar  consocia  ^6^  carnis."  547 

Cui  Waltharius : 

"Absit  quodrogitas;  mentis  depone  pavorem,     Ipse  Domi-  ^s^ 
nus,  qui  me  de  varus  sepe  eduxit'^9  periculis,  ille'^o  valet  hie 
hostes,  credo,  confundere  nostros." 

Haec  ait,  oculosque  adtollens  effatur  ad  ipsam  : 

"  Non   assunt   hie   Avares,    sed    Franci    nebulones,    cultores  ^'^^ 
regionis." 

Aspicit,  et  gnoscens  iniunxit  't^  talia  ridens : 

"  En   galeam    Haganonis !   mens    collega   veternus'?^    atque 
socius." 

Hoc  h^ros  introitum  '73  stationis  hadibat, 

Inferius  stanti  predicens  sie  mulieri  :  ^60 

"  Coram  hac  porta  verbum  modo  iacto  '74  superbum  "  : 

Hinc  nullus  rediens  Franeus,  quis  ^75  suae  valeat  nunciar  uxori, 
qui  tante  ^t^  presumpserit  tollere  gazae." 

^57  egerent. — 158  seu. — 159  quantum. — 160  quam  bene. — 161  propera" 
bant. — 162  pulverem  sublatum. — 163  quasdam  phalanges. — 164  tonsos 
somno. — 165  hinc. — 166  et.— 167  utque  tuo. — 168  consortia. — 169 
eduxerat.— 170  is. — 171  adiunxit.— 172  veteranus. — 173  introitus. — 174 
iacta. — 175  qui. — 176  tantum. 


WAI.THF.R  OF  AQrrr.UNf^..  ,55 

Nee  dum  sermonem  eonpleverat,  et  ecce  humo  tenus  corruit, 
et  veniam  petiit,  quod  talia  dixit.  Postquani  autem  surrexit, 
contemplans  cautius  dixit :  '77 

"Omnes  '^^  horum  quos  video  nullum  timeo,  Hatranone  remoto. 
Nam  ille  meos  per  prelia  seit  mores,  iamque'^y  didicit,  tenet  et 
hic  etiam  sat  calidus  artem.     Quem  si  forte  volente  Deo  inter- 
cepero  '^°  solum  ;  ex  aliis  namque  formido  nulla." 
Ast  iibi  Waltharius  181  tali  statione  receptum 
Conspexit  Hagano.  satrapae  mox  ista  siiperbo 
Suggerit  verba  :   "O  senior, »82  desiste  lacessere  belle 
Hunc  honiinem  !   Pergant  priimim  "83  qui  cuncta  requirant. 
Et  genus  184  et  patriani  nonienque  et  locum  relictum, 
Vel  si  forte  petat  pacem  prebens'85  sine  sanguine." 

Qui  licet  invitus  dicta '^''  Haganoni  acquievisset,  misit  ilico  e 
suis, '^7  mandans  Walthario,  ut  redderet'"^  pecuniam  quam 
deferebat.     Ad  quos  '^9  Waltharius  talia  fertur  dedisse  verba  : 

"  Ego  patri  suo  eam  non  tuli  neque  sibi.  Set  si  voluerit  earn 
capere,  vi  defendo  eam  fundens  ^9°  alterius  sanguinem." 

Cumque  hec  denunciata  essent  Cundhario,  protinus  missit,  qui 
eum  oppugnarent.  Vir  autem  ille  fortis  ut  erat,  viriliter  'se  ab 
ipsis  modicum  defendens,  ilico  interfecit.  Rex  autem  ut  vidit, 
et  ipse  protinus  feroci  animo  cum  reliquis  '9'  super  eum  venit.'^» 
Waltharius  vero  nichil  formidans,  sed  magis  ut  supra  viriliter 
instabat  prelio.  Cepit  autem  et  ex  illis  Waltharius  victoriam, 
occisis  cunctis  preter  regem  et  Haganonem.  Qui  cum  eum 
nuUatenus  superare  possent,  simulaverunt  '93  fugam.  Sperans 
ergo  Waltharius  eos  inde  discedere,  reversus  in  statione  accep- 
taque  omni  suppellectili  sua,  et  ipse  mox  cum  Ildegunda  '94 
ascensis  equis  cepit  iter  agere.  Cumque  Waltharius  egressus 
esset  ab  antro  quinque  vel  octo  stadia,  tunc  leti  posterga  ipsius 
recurrentes  memorati  viri,  quasi  victum  eum  iam  extra  rupe  '9= 
cogitabant.  Contra  quos  ilico  Waltharius  quasi  leo  insurgens, 
armis  protectus  '9^  fortiter  debellabat  bellantibus  sibi.  Qui  diu 
multumque  invicem  pugnantes  ac  pre  nimia  lassitudine  et  siti 
deficientes,   iam   non   valebant  virorum    fortissimum    superare- 


177  dixerat. — 178  Omnes  wanting. — 179  atque. — 180  valentem  dum 
intercepero. — 181  Waltharium. — 182  O  rex,  mi  senior. — 183  primo. — 
184  gentem. — 185  prebens  zvauting. — 186  dicto. — 187  e  suis  icantiug. 
— 188  Waltharium  |  reddere. — 189  quod. — 190  effundens. — 191  cum  re- 
liquis wanting. — 192  vertitur. — 193  sinnilaverant. — 194  Hildegunda. — 
195  rupem.— 196  pertectus. 


565 


575 
577 


56  WALTHER  OF  AQUITAINE. 

Et  ecce  respicientes  Aiderunt  a  sagma  Waltharii  vasculum  vini 
dependere. 

Cap.  X. 

TNTEREA  in  eodem  monestario  consuetudine '9?  eisdem  tem- 
poribus  dicitur  habuisse  plaustrum  ligneum  mire  pulchritu- 
dinis  operatum,  in  quo  nichil  aliquando  fertur  portasse  aliquid, 
preter  unam  perticam,  quae  sepissime  configebatur  in  eo,  si 
necessitas  cogeretur.^98  Sin  autem  toUebatur,  et  alio  in  loco 
recondebatur.  In  cuius  summitate  ferunt,  qui  videre'99  vel 
audire  a  videntibus  potuerunt,  habuisse  tintinnabulum  appensum 
valde  resonantem.  Cortes  vero  vel  vicos  ipsius  monasterii,  quae 
erant  proximiores  monasterio  per  Italiae  tellus^°°  inquibus  minis- 
tri  monachorum  opportunis  temporibus  congregabant  granum 
aut  vinum.  Cum  autem  necessitas  vehendi  exigeret  ad  monas- 
terium,  eundem  sumptum^°'  mittebatur  plaustrum  hoc  cum 
predicta^°^  pertica  in  eoconfictacum  skilia  ad  predictos  vicos,  in 
quibus  scilicet  vicis  inveniebantur  nonnuUa  alia  plaustra  congre- 
gata,  plerumque  centena,  aliquando  etiam  quinquagena,  quae 
deferebant  frumenta  vel  vinum  ad  antedictum  coenobium.  Hoc 
vero  plaustrum  dominicale  nil  ob  aliud  mittebatur,  nisi  ut  agnosce- 
rent  universi  magnates,  quod  ex  illo  inclito  essent  plaustra  mon- 
asterio. In  quibus  erat  nullus  dux,  marchio,  comes,  presul^ 
vicecomes,  aut  villicus  qui  qualicumque  violentia-°3  änderet 
eisdem  plaustris  2°+  inferre.  Nam  per  foros  Italiae  annuales,  ut 
tradunt,  nullus  audebat  negotia  exercere,  donec  eundem  ^°5  plaus- 
trum vidissent  advenire  mercatores  cum  skilla.  Contigit  autem 
quadam  die,  ut  ministri  ipsius  Ecclesiae  cum  supradictis  plaus- 
tribus^°^  oneratis  solito  venirent  more  ad  monasterium.  Qui 
venientes  in  ipsa  valle  in  quodam  prato  invenerunt  familiam  regis 
.  .  .  pascentes  equos  regios.  Qui  statim  ut  viderunt  tanta 
bona  Servis  Dei  ministrare  ^°7  fastu  superbiae  inflati  insurgunt^°^ 
illico  ^°9  super  eisdem  hominibus,  auferentes  ab  eis  omnia,  quae 
deferebant ;  qui  defendere  volentes  se  et  sua,  incurrerunt  in  mai- 
orem  ignominiam,  perdentes  omnia.  Qui  statim  mittuntlegatum 
ad  monasterium,  qui  ista  nunciaret  abbati  et  fratribus. 


197  per  consuitudinem. — 198  cogeret. — 199  viderunt. — 200  telhires. — 
201  idem  supradictum. — 202  plaustrum  hoc  cum  supra  dicta. — 203  qua- 
lemcumqiie  violentia. — 204  phiustribus. — 205  idem. — 206  plaustris. — 
207  inunstrari. — 208  insurgant. — 209  illic. 


WALTHER  OF  AQUITAINE.  57 

Cap.  xi. 

Ą  BBAS  autem  mox  jussit  congregari  fratres,  quibus  insinuavit 
"^*-  oninem  rei  eventum.  Erat  autem  tunc  pater  congrega- 
tionis  eiusdem  monasterii,  nomine  Asinarius,  vir  sanctitatis 
egregius  Francicus  genere,  niultis  fulgens  virtutibus.  Cui  cum 
unus  nomine  Waltarius,  cui,^'°  superius  memoriam  fecimus, 
respondisset,  ut  diligeretur  illic  ^"  predictus  pater  sapientes 
fratres,  ob  quorum  precacionem  tanti  sumtui^"  dimitterent  iam- 
dicti  predones  invationem.  Respondit  protinus  eidem  abbas,  et 
ait: 

"  Quem  prudentiorem  et  sapientiorem  te  mittere  possimus, 
omnino  ignoramus.  Te  autem,  frater,  moneo  ac  iubeo,  utcele- 
rius  ad  eos  pergas,  nobisque  victum  vi  raptum  quantocius 
reddere  festinent  moneto :  alioquin  citissime  in  gravi  ira  incur- 
ant  Dei." 

At  Waltarius  cum  sciret  conscientie  sue  illorum  contumacia^^'s 
ferre  non  posse,  respondit :  se  denudandum  ab  ipsis  tunicam, 
quam  gestabat,     Predictus  vero  pater,  cum  esset  religiosus,  ait : 

"  Si  abstraxerint  a  te  tunicam,  da  illis  et  cucullam  :  dicens,  pre- 
ceptum  tibi  ^'+  fuisse  a  fratribus." 

Cui  Waltarius  : 

"  Ergo  de  pellicia,  ac  de  interula  quid  facturus  sum  ?  " 

Respondit  venerandus  pater  et  ait : 

"  Dicito,  et  ex  illis  tibi  a  fratribus  aeque  a  fratribus  fuisse  im- 
peratum.'" 

Tunc  Waltarms : 

Obsecro,  mi  Domine,  ne  irascaris,  si  loqui  addero.  De  femor- 
alia^'5  quid  erit,  si  similiter  voluerint  facere,  ut  prius  fecerunt  ?  " 

Et  abbas : 

"  lam  tibi  predicta  suffitiat  humilitas :  nam  de  femoralibus  tibi 
aliud  non  precipiam,  cum  magna  nobis  videatur  fore  humilitas 
priorum  vestium  exspoliatio." 

Exiens  vero  Waltarius  cum  talia  audisset  a  tanto  patrono,  coe- 
pit  a  familia  queritare  monasterii,  an  haberetur  ibi  caballum,^'^ 
cui  fiducia  inesset  bellandi,  si  necessitas  cogeretur.^'?  Cui  cum 
famuli  ipsius  aecclesiae  respondissent,  bonos  et  fortes  habere 
pcene   se   essedos,  repente  jussit   eos  sibi   adsistere.       Quibus 


210  cujus. — 211  dirigeret  illuc. — 212  sumtus. — 213  contumaciam. — 
214  dicito  tibi. — 215  femoralibus. — 216  caballus. — 217  cogeret. 


58  WALTHER  OF  AQUITAINE. 

visis,  ascendit  mox  cum  calcaribus,  causa  probationis,  supra  sin- 
guloröm  dorsa  ;  cumque  promovisset  primos,  et  secundos,  et 
sibi  displicuissent ;  rennuit  eos  extemplo  narrans  illorum  vitia. 
nie  vero  recordans  secum  nuper  deduxisse  in  monasterio  illo  ^^^ 
caballum  valde  bonum,  ait  illis  : 

"  Illum  ergo  caballum,  quem  ego  hue  veniens  adduxi,  vivit, 
an  mortuus  est?  " 

Responderunt  illi : 

"  Vivit,  Domine,"  ^^9  inquiunt  "  iam  vetulus  est.  Ceterum  ad 
usum  pistorum  deputatus  est,  ürens  quotidie  annonam  ad  molen- 
dinum,  hac"°  referens." 

Quibus  Waltarius : 

Adducatur  nobis,  et  videamus,  qualiter  se  habetur."  ^^^ 

Cui  cum  adductus  ^ss^t,  et  ascendisset  super  eum,  ac  promo- 
visset ait : 

"  Iste,"^^^  inquit,  "  adhuc  bene  de  meo  tenens"3  nutrimentum, 
quod  in  annis  iuvenilibus  meis  illum  studui  docere." 

Accipiens  ergo  Waltarius  ab  abbate,  et  cunctis  fratribus,  bene- 
dictionem,  ac  valedicens,  sumens  secum  duos  vel  tres  famulos, 
propere  venit  ad  iam  dictos  predatore ;  quos  cum  humiliter  salu- 
tasset,  coepit  illos  monere,  ne  iam  servis  Dei  ulterius  talem 
inferrent  injuriam,  qualem  tunc  fecissent.  Illi  autem  cum  dura 
Walthario  coepissent  respondere  verba  Waltharius  ę  contra  ^^4 
sepissime  illis  duriora  referebat.  Hü  vero  indignati  hac  "S 
superbiae  spiritu  incitati,  cogebant  Waltharium  exuere  vesti- 
menta,  quibus  indutus  erat.  At  Waltharius  humiliter  ad  omnia 
illos  obaudiebat  iuxta  preceptum  abbatis  sui,  dicens  a  fratribus 
hoc  sibi  fuisse  imperatum.  Cumque  exspoliassent  eum,  coepe- 
runt  ^tiam  calceamenta  et  caligas  abstrahere.  Cum  autem 
venissent  ad  femoralia,  diutius  institit  Waltarius,  dicens  sibi  a 
fratribus  minime  fuisse  imperatum,  ut  foemoralia  exueret.  Illi 
vero  respondentes  nulla  sibi  fore  cura  de  precepta^^^  Monacho- 
rum  :  Waltharius  vero  e  contra  semper  asserebat  nuUo  modo  sibi 
convenisse  ea  relinquere.  Cumque  coepissent  illi  vehementis- 
sime  vim  facere.  Waltharius  clam  abstrahens  a  sella  retinacu- 
lum, in  quo  pes  eius  antea  herebat,  percussit  uni  eorum  in  capita, 


2iS  unum. — 219  Domine  sed. — 220  ac. — 221  habeat. — 222  Ait  "Iste." 
223  tenet. — 224  econtra. — 225  ac. — 226  nullam  sibi  fuisse  curam  de 
praeceptis. 


Jl :-/  /,  r/Z/Ty?  OF  AQ  U  ITA  INE.  59 

qui  cadens  in  terrain,  velut  mortuus  factus  est,  arreptaque 
ipsius=^7  arma,  percutiebat  ad  dexteram,  sive  ad  sinistram. 
Deinde  aspiciens  iuxta  se  vidit  vitulum  pascentem,  quern  arripi- 
ens,  abstraxit  ab  eo  humerum,  de  quo  percutiebat  hostes,  pcrse- 
quens  ac  dibachans  eos  per  campum.  Volunt  autem  nonnulli, 
quod  Ulli  eorum,  qui  Waltario  plus  ceteris  importunius  insiste- 
bat,  cum  se  inclinasset,  ut  calccamenta  Waltharii  a  pedibus  eius 
extraeret,  hisdem  ^^^  Waltharius  illico  ex  pugno  in  collum  eius 
percutiens,  ita  ut  os  ipsius  fractuni  in  gulam  eius  caderet.  Ex 
illis  namque  plurimis  occisis  ;  reliqui  vero  in  fugam  versi.  reli- 
querunt  omnia.  Waltarius  autem  adepta  victoria,  accipiens 
cuncta  et  sua,  et  aliena,  repedavit  continuo  ad  monasterium  cum 
maxima  preda  oneratum. 

Abbas  autem  talia,  ut  ante  audierat,  vidit,  illica  ingemuit  ac 
se  in  lamentum  et  precibus  cum  reliquis  pro  eo  dedit  fratribus, 
increpans  eum  valde  acrius.  Waltarius  vero  exin  poenitentiam 
accipiens  a  predicto  patrono,  ne  de  tanto  scelere  superbiretur^-9 
in  corpore,  unde  iacturam  pateretur  in  anima.  Tradunt  autem 
nonnulli,  quod  tribus  vicibus  cum  paganis  superirruentibus  pug- 
naverit,  atque  victoriam  ex  illis  capiens,  ignominiose  ab  arva 
expulerit. 

Nam  ferunt  aliquanti,  quod  alio  tempore,  cum  de  prato  rever- 
teretur  ipsius  monasterii,  quod  dicitur  Mollis  de  quo  eiecerat 
equos  regis  Desiderii,  quos  ibi  invenerat  pascentes,  ac  vastantes 
herbam,  qui  ^3°  cum  multos  ex  illis  debellans  vicisset,  ac  reverter- 
etur,  invenit  iusta^s»  viam  columnam  marmoream,in  quapercus- 
sit  bis  ex  pugione,  quasi  laeto  animo  ex  victoria,  qui  ^32  maximain 
ex  ea  incidens  parte  ^33  deiecit  in  terram.  Unde  usque  in  hodier- 
num  ibi  dicitur  diem,  Percussio  vel  ferita  Waltari. 

Cap.  xii, 

/^BIIT  interea  vir  magnanimus  atque  inclitus  comes  et 
^^  aleta='34  Waltharius,  senex  et  plenus  dierum,  quem  asse- 
runt  nostri  multos  vixisse  annos,  quorum  numerum  c(illectum 
non  repperi ;  sed  in  actibus  vitae  suae  cognoscitur,  quibus  exstit- 
erit  temporibus.  Hie  sicut  legitur  in  hoc  fuisse  aevo  prudentiae, 
corporis  ac  decore  vulti  ="35  strenuissime  adornatus,  ita  in  predicto 
monasterio  post  militie  conversionem,  amoris,  obedientiae  et  regu- 

227  ejus. — 228  idem. — 229  superbiret. — 230  quod. — 231  juxta. — 232 
quam. — 233  partem. — 234  athleta. — 235  vultus. 


6o  JV.-i  L  THER  OF  A  QUI  TA INE. 

laris  disciplinae  oppido  fervidissimus  fuisse  cognoscitur.  Inter  alia 
etiam,  quae  ipse  in  eodeni  gessit  monasterio,  fecit  siquidem,  dum 
vixit,  summitate  cuiusdam  rupis  sepulcrum  in  eadem  petra  labori- 
osissime  excisum.  Qui  post  suae  carnis  obitum  in  eodeni  cum 
quodam  nepote  suo,  nomin^^  Rataldo,  cognoscitur  fuisse  sepultas. 
Hie  filius  fuit  filii  Waltharii,  nomine  Ratherii,  quern  peperit  ei 
Hildegund  premonita  puella.  Horum  ergo  virorum  ossa  post 
multos  annos  defunctionis  suae  sepissime  visitans,  pre  manibus 
habui.  Nam  huius  Rathaldi  capitis  ^36  quedam  nobilis  matrona, 
cum  illo  causa  orationis  cum  aliis  convenisset  ex  Italiae  tellus  ^37 
occulte  in  braciale  supposuit  suo,  atque  ad  quendam  =38  castrum 
suum  deportavit.  Quod  cum  quadam  die  igne  supposito  con- 
cremaretur,  post  multa  ^39  adustionem,  ilium  ^+°  recordans 
capita,^-*'  foras  traxit,  atque  contra  igne  -^^  tenuit,  qui  mox  miri- 
fice  extintus  est. 

Cap.  xiii. 
"pOST  itaque  incursionem  paganorum,  quae  ultima  contigerat 
vice  antequam  hisdem  locus  reaedificaretur,  ignorabatur 
omnino  supradicta  sepultura  Waltharii  ab  incolis  loci,  sicut  cete- 
ras  alias. ^43  Eratque  tunc  vidua,  nomine  Petronilla,  in  civitate 
Segusina  quae  ob  nimiam  senectutem  totam,  ut  ferunt,^'*'*  incede- 
bat  curvam,=4S  cuius  quoque  oculi  iam  pene  caligaverant.  Haec 
vero  mulier  habuit  filium  nomine  Maurinum,  quem  pagani  de 
predicta  valle  secum,  vim  facientes.  deduxerunt  cum  ceteris  con- 
captivis.  Cum  quibus,  ut  dicebat,  amplius  quam  triginta  in 
illorum  manserat  arva  annorum.^-^c  Postmodum  vero  licentia  a 
proprio  accepta  domino,  ad  domum  remeavit  propriam,  in  qua 
inveniens  ^47  matrem  iam  senio  confectam,  ut  supra  diximus, 
quae  cotidie^-^^  ad  solis  residere  erat  solita  temporem  supra  ^+9 
quamdam  amplissimam  petram,  quae  proxima  erat  civitati.  In 
huius  ergo  femine  circuitu  veniebant  viri  cum  femine  civitatis, 
scisitantes  ab  ea  de  antiquitate  ipsius  loci,  quae  referebat  illis 
mult^,  maxime  de  Novalicio  monasterio.  Dicebat  enim  illis 
multa  et  inaudita,  quae  viderat,  vel  audierat  a  progenitoribus,  et 
quantos  abbates,  quantasve  destructiones  ipsius  loci  facte  a  paga- 
nis  fuerant.     Haec  igitur  quadam  die  deduci  illic  '^s»  se  fecerat  a 

236  caput. — 237  tellure. — 238  quoddam. — 239  concremaret  post  mul- 
tam. — 240  illius. — 241  capitis. — 242  ignem. — 243  ceterae  aliae. — 244 
fertur. — 245  curva. — 246  annorum  spatio. — 247  invenit. — 248  quae  ut 
diximus  quotidie. — 249  super. — 250  illuc. 


IF. 'l  I.  TUR  h'  OF  AQU  I TA  INR.  6 1 

quibusdam  viris,  quae  ostendit  illi.s  sepulturam  Waltharii,  quae 
aute  ignorabatur,  sicut  ab  antenatis  audierat ;  quainquam  enini 
nulla  foeminarum  dim  appropinquare  illo  in  loco  audebat.  Re- 
ferebat  etiani,  quantos  puteos  nuperrimc  in  illo  habebantur  loco; 
nam  vicini  agebant  praetaxatae  mulieris,  ducentos  prope  vixissc 
annos. 


IV. 
VVALTHER  UND  HILDEGUNDE.* 

T^IE  mir  in  dem  winter  fröide  hänt  benomen, 

^^     sie  heizen  wip,  si  heizen  man, 

Disiu  sumerzit  diu  müez  in  baz  bekomen, 

ouwe  daz  ich  niht  fluochen  kan ! 

Leider  ich  enkan  niht  mere 

Wan  daz  übel  wort  '  unsaeHc'     neinä  !  daz  waer  alze  sere. 

Zwśne  herzeliche  fleüche  kan  ich  ouch  : 
die  fluochent  nach  dem  willen  min. 
Hiure  müezens  beide  '  esel '  und  '  der '  gouch' 
gehoeren  6  si  enbizzen  sin. 
WS  in  denne,  den  vii  armen  ! 

wess   ich  obe   siz   noch   gerüwe,   ich  wolde   mich    dur  got 
erbarmen. 

Wan  ^  sol  sin  gedultic  wider  ungedult : 
daz  ist  den  schamelósen  leit. 
Swen  die  boesen  hazzent  äne  sine  schult, 
daz  kumt  von  siner  frümekeit. 
Troestet  3  mich  diu  guote  alleine, 
diu  mich  wol  getrosten  mac,  so  gaebe  ich  um  be  ir  niden 

kleine. 
Ich  wil  al  der  werlte  sweren  üf  ir  lip  : 
den  eit  den  sol  si  wol  vernemen : 
Si  mir  ieman  lieber,  maget  oder  wip, 
diu  helle  müeze  mir  gezemen. 
Hat  si  nü  deheine  triuwe, 
so  getrüwet  si  dem  eide  und  senftet  mines  herzen  riuwe. 

Herren  unde  friunt,  nü  helfent  •»  an  der  zit : 
daz  ist  ein  ende,  ez  ist  also. 
Ich  enbiute  iu  minen  s  minneclichen  strit. 


*  The  text  is   here  reprinted  from   Wilmanns  (Walther  von  der  Vogelweide   No.  53,  2. 
Ausgabe  Halle  1883.)     Essential  variants  of  Pfeiffer's  edition  are  to  be  found  below  the  text. 

I  den. — 2  man. — 3  tröste. — 4  helfet. — 5  i'ne  behalte  minen. 


IFA  L  TH  ER  OF  AQ  U  ITA  INE.  63 

ja  enwirde^  ich  niemer  rehte  fro  : 

Mines  herzen  tiefiu  wunde 

diu    muoz   iemer   offen   sten.  si    enküsse  mich  mit  friundes 

munde, 
mines  herzen  tiefiu  wunde 

diu  muoz  iemer  offen  sten,  si  enheiles  üf  und  öz  von  gründe, 
mines  herzen  tiefiu  wunde 
diu  muoz  iemer  offen  sten,  sin  werde  heil  von  Hiltegunde. 

6  so'n  wirde. 


V. 

NIBELUNGENLIED.* 


268.3     T^      ^^^  ^*"^  ^^^  erkenne      allez  Hagenen  sint. 

^-^     ez  wurden  mine  gisel      zwei  weltlichiu '  kint, 
er  und  von  Späne  Walther :     -  die  wuchsen  hie  zu  man. 
Hagenen  sande  ich   widere:    Walther   mit  Hildegunde 
entran. 


274.4     Er  [Hagen]  unt  der  von  Späne,      die  traten  manegen 
Stic, 
do  si  hie  bi  Ezelen     'vähten  manegen  wie 
zen  eren  dem  Künege.    des  ist  von  im  vii  geschehen:^ 
dar  umbe  muoz  man  Hagene  3      der  eren  wol  von  schul- 
den jehen. 


58.2     Do  sprach  meister  Hildebrant'*      'zwiu  verwizet  ir  mir 
daz? 
nu  wer  was  der  üfme  Schilde   vor  dem  Waschensteine  saz, 
do  im  von  Späne  Walther  so      vii  friunde  s  sluoc  ? 
ouch  habt  ir  noch  ze  zeigen      an  in  selben  genuoc' 


*  From  the  text  of  Zarncke's  fifth  edition  (1875). 

I  wćetlichiu  L.,  B. — 2  vii  von  im  geschehen  L ;  des  ist  vii  geschehen 
B. — 3  Hagenen  L ;  Hagenen  der  eren  pilliche  jehen  B. — 4  Des  ant- 
wurte  Hildebrant  B. — 5  vii  der  friunde  L.,  B. 


/ 


VI. 
GRAZ  FRAGMENT.* 

michel  vn.' 
First  page,  first  column. 
ie^   getan. 
Do  sprach  3  (der  starche  Hagene  :      ze  w)ev  ♦  sold  din  din 
lip? 

inne,      wem  liezst  (du  daz  wip, 
diu)  din  mit  solhen  e(ren  5      unz  her  gebiten)  hat? 
siwaer^wol  (mit  krone  ein  k)eyserinne,7      die  sold(u  min- 
nen : 

dśst)  min  rat 

Do         .         .         .         mte  ^  Walther  n  ^ 

First  page,  secojid  column. 

(be)  staetet  9      vnd  ir  vater  '°  lant 
ich  stunt "  da  man  ivch  msehlt  beide,      iz  ist  mir 

allez  wol  erkant. 
O  we  mich  miner  leide,      sprach  Walther  "  sa  ze  stunt, 
daz  miner  gvten  dienste      min  vrou  '3  Hiltegvnt. 
ist  also  verteilt  "*      her  vii  manigen  's  tac. 


*The  text  is  here  reprinted  from  Haupt  {^Zeitschrift,  xii  280  f )  with  Heinzel's  additions 
enclosed  in  parenthesis,  and  the  variant  readings  (including  those  of  Schoenbach,  Zeit- 
schrift, xxv,  181)  given  below  the  text.  The  earlier  order  of  Weinhold  and  Miillenhoff  has 
been  retained.     The  arrangement  of  the  fragments  is  discussed  in  another  place. 

I  T  hese  two  words  close  a  page  and  verse  that  are  otherwise  lost  ; 
they,  together  with  three  letters  ret  read  by  Schönbach  {Zeitshri/t, 
xii,  182)  yield  no  sense. — 2  Weinhold  read  the  remains  of  a  letter 
before  ie. — 3  spch.  Weinhold  ;  sprach,  Heinzel. — 4  v.  Weinhold  ;  ev, 
Schöbach. — 5  ren  Miillenhoff,  Heinzel. — 6  ir  <?r,Weinhold. — 7  k,  Miil- 
lenhoff, Heinzel. — 

Do  sprach  [diu  kuneginne  :      '  zw]u  solde  dir  din  lip? 
[war  taele  du  die  s]inne?      wem  liezest  [du  din  wip, 
diu]  din  mit  solhen  t  [ren      hie  gebiten]  hat. 
si  wEere  wol  [ein  richiu  k]eyserinne  ;      die  sold 

[.     .     .     .     deist  min]  rät.'  — Bartsch. 

8  read  by  Schönbach.     Do  [sprach  der  herre]  Walther.     Bartsch. — 

9  Miillenhoff,  Heinzel.— 10  Heinzel;  vat'  MS. — 11  Heinzel  ..y//"</ MS. — 
12  Heinzel;  Walth^  MS. — 13  Heinzel;  vrö  MS. — 14  verteilet,  Hein- 
zel.— 15  Heinzel;  manege'^\'S). 


66  WALTHER  OF  AQUITAINE. 

swen  ich  (iemer)  mit  minne  ir  ^^  wolde  '7  (swichen),      daz 
waer  den  6ren  min  ein  slac). 

Second  page,  first  cohmin. 

I (den  kunec  und  sin)  wip. 

dar  nach  neig  er  in  vii  flizichliche      vnd  hiez 

vii  saelich  sin  er  lip. 

2     Die  do  die  nächsten  waren  ^^      bi  im  von  Hivnen  lant 
den  gab  der  snelle  Hagene      div  ross  vnd  ^9  daz  gewant 
daz  silber  zv  dem  golde      swaz  mans  im  fvrgetruch  ^° 
er  sprach  niemen  ^'  sold  icht  mit  mir  (vliesen  :      daz 
waer  ein  michel  ungevüch). 

Second  page,  second  column. 

I han  ich 

not  v(nde  kumber      het  ich)  ie  dvrch  dich 
w(em  wilt  du  mich  lazen,      troutgeselle  (min  ?) 
(woltstu)  daz  ich  von  hinn(en  ^^  mit  dir  scheide) 

umb  dich  diende  (ich  jämers  pin) 

2     (Do  het)  der  starche  Hage(ne  ^3      daz  maere)  wol  vernomen 
di         .         .         .         chet      nummer  vor^^ 

i6  Heinzel. — 17  Schönbach,  Heinzel ;  Ide  Weinhold. — 18  Heinzel ; 
«'an' MS. — 19  ü?  Heinzel  f«  MS. — 20  für  ge true h,  Heinzel. — 21  Hein- 
zel ;  neniett,  Schönbach. — 22  hinnen,  Müllenhoff,  Heinzel. 

lazen,  troutgeselle  [min 
und  ist]  daz  ich  von  hinn[en  mliese  scheiden,  daz  wil 

ichj  umb  dich  diende  [sin.' 
DG  sprach]  der  starche  Hage[ne :  '  ich  hän  daz]  wol 

vernomen.  — Bartsch. 

23  Hagene,  Müllenhoff,  Heinzel. — 24  all  of  the  verse  except  d  deci- 
phered by  Schönbach. 


VII. 
VIENNA  FRAGMENT.* 

I. — WALTHERS   UND    HILDEGUNDEN    HEIMKEHR. 

a 

I in.) 

wol  gehelfen,   si  rvhten  minen  win. 
von  miner  hende  nemen  an.    (ic)h  gan  iv  deste  baz. 
daz  ir  vns  leitet  nah  den  iwern  siten.    daz  svle  wir  dvlden 
ane  haz. 

2  Si  enphiengen  Volkere,    vnd  ovch  die  sine  man, 
sehzec  siner  degene.  die  waren  mit  im  dan. 
gevolget  von  dem  Rine.  dvrch  den  wasechen  wait. 

er  laitte  so  den  gast  vnd  ovch  die  sine,  daz  ers  vii  wenich 
enkalt. 

3  Do  sprach  der  eilende,     nv  helfFet  mir  bewarn, 
daz  wir  die  twerhen  strazen  iht  i  den  landen  varn. 
wir  svln  gen  leng''s.  da  ist  ó''  vater  min. 

des  antwrt  Volk*"  der  vii  kvne.     des  sol  ich  hvf  sin. 

4  Swie  wir  anders  riten.  so  ist  daz  div  lere  min. 
daz  wir  da  ze  Hetzen  geste  niht  ensin. 
Ortwin  hete  drinne  /  wol  tovsent  kvner  man. 

swaz  der  kvnic  hernach  darvmbe  geredete,  mit  strite  wrde 
wir  hestan. 

5  Er  hete  wol  geraten,     si  liezens  ane  strit. 
so  er  aller  beste  chvnde,  so  leit  er  siv  sit. 

di di  ez  sahen  daz  er  da  mite  reit. 

die  mohte  do  dem  helde  noch  d''  vröwen  vor  i  gerate  dehei- 
niv  leit. 

6  Wa  si  die  nahtselde.     naemen  dvrch  div  lant. 
mit  volk^'e  dem  helde.     daz  enwart  mir  bechant. 

*  The  text  is  that  of  Massmann  (Zeitschrift  für  deutsches  Alterthum,  ii,  216  ff.).  The 
orthography  has  been  retained  as  found  in  Massmann's  reprint.  Variants  include  the 
additions  of  Bartsch  (Germania,  xii, 88-89),  ''"'^  ofO.  Jänicke  (Haupt,  Zeitschrift,  x'\v,ą^?>). 

I,  3.  nach  den  iwern  eren,  Bartsch. — 6,  3.  sinem  gvote,  Haupt  and 
Karajan. 


\^  ÜNIVEKSITY 


68  WALTHER  OF  AQUITAINE. 

d''  kvnic  mit  sin''  gvte  im  schone  dinen  hiez 

Volk^  d''  was  in  also  werden  mvte.     daz  er  sin  wenic  v'liez. 

7  Ovz  Ortwines  lande  dvrch  Bvrgonde  dan. 
braht  si  do  volk''  d^  vii  kvne  man. 

ob  mä  daz  sin  geleite,     so  starch  niht  het  gesehen, 
so  mvs  in   ouf  der  selben  sträze  dikche  sin  michel   arbeit 
geschehen. 

8  Nv  hört  ovch  wie  der  reke  frvt  i(n  sime)  lant. 
die  boten  die  er  hete  dem  kunige  gesaut. 

die  riten  ross  div  gvten.     vii  fvrten  spaehiv  kleit 
die  sagten  indem  lande,     daz  er  kome  vn  och  vrö  Hildeg't 
div  meit. 

9  Do  der  khvnic  alker.     gehorte  diese  sage. 

do  entweich  im  vngemvte.     vnd  ovch  sin  langiv  klage, 
die  boten  er  vlizichliche  enphie.  vnd  ovch.  sin  wip. 
si  wrden  harte  grozer  vrevden  riche.     dvrch  den  waltheres 
hp. 
IG     Do  sprach  d''  vogt  von  Spanyge  so  wol  mich  iwer  sage, 
ich  hete  sorge  manige.  lang  mine  tage, 
daz  sin  s(in  in  der)  fremde,  was  mir  wol  t°vsent  iar/ 
ich  sih  in  gern,  sweh  i  got  send''  div  red  ist  entlichen  war/ 


11  1~^C)  ez  div  kvniginne.     het  mit  im  vernomen. 

"^     ir  was  von  lieben  maeren.     vii  de  traeh^'en  komen. 
von  herzen  indiv  ovgen.  weinde  si  do  saz. 
si  riet  wie  man  si  bede  wolde  solde  enphahen.     vnde  tet  vii 
willechlichen  daz. 

12  Do  sprach  aber  der  rekche  ir  svlt  mich  hören  lan. 
wie  Etzele  vnd  fro  Reiche  zv  zin  haben  getan, 
do  sprach  der  boten  einer  daz  wil  ich  iu  sage 

walth*"  ist  vo  dem  kvnige  so  gescheiden.     daz  ez  die  Hivnen 
immer  mvzen  klagen. 

13  Ir  ettelich''  drvnder.     daz  si  i  waeren  holt, 
er  hat  an  svmelichen.     vii  wol  daz  versolt. 

daz  si  im  immer  flvchen.     wand  er  hat  in  erslagen. 
an  siner  verte  vii  ir  lieben  mage,     ich  kan  iv  and^'s  niht  ge- 
sag. 

8,  I.  in   siniu  lant,  Haupt ;  üz  sime  lant,  Bartsch  ;  fröute  .  .  lant 
Wackernagel. — 10,  3.  daz  sin  s]tän  in  der]  fremde,  Bartsch. 


//  ■. ;  L  TH  ER  OF  AQfl  TA  INE.  69 

14  Do  sprach  der  kvnic  edele.  ich  sol  mich  vrewen  sin. 
er  mvz  wesen  herre.  inden  landen  mhi. 

er  wirt  der  Hvne  purgetör. 

swes  Ezele  vnd  sine  reellen  ie  bei;vnden.     da  was  er  ze 
allen  zilen  vor. 

15  Den  chvnic  sprach  zv  den  reken.  wol  6f  alle  mine  man. 
vnd  ritet  im  begegene.     er  hat  mir  liep  getan. 

swer  1  nv  gerne  dienet,     des  vrivt  (vvi)l  ich  wesen. 
div  lant  svlt  ir  mit  vns  beiden  bowen.     ir  mvgt  bi  walth*" 
wol  genese. 

16  Man  sagt  im  daz  in  leite.     d''ch  Gvnth''s  lant. 
Volk''  der  vii  kvne.     d''  was  im  wol  erkat. 

vnd  ovch  des  kvniges  reken.  driv  hvndert  od''  baz. 

do  bat  er  sin  gesinde  zv  im  gaben,  di  täte  willechlichen  daz. 

17  Do  hiez  ovch  sich  bereiten  des  edeln  kvniges  wip. 
ia  wolde  si  beleiten.     d''  Hild'gde  lip. 

so  si  aller  beste  kvnde.     ze  Leng''es  indie  stat. 
ir  vrowen  si  do  wol  kleiden  begvnde.     des  si  der  kunich 
selbe  bat. 

18  Sin  warten  sine  livte.  mit  g^zer  vngebite. 

dar  nach  in  chvrzen  st\nden.     man  sagt  im  daz  da  rite. 

daz  Gvnth''s  gesinde.     mit  in  indaz  lant. 

do  kom  d*"  wirt  mit  stolz''  massenye.   da  er  vrön  Hild'',  vant. 

19  Div  kvniginne  fvrte.     wol  sehzec  megedin. 
die  aller  schonisten.     die  d''  mohten  sin. 

vn  ovch  d''  hohsten  mage.     di  mä  do  bi  in  vant. 
do  fvrten  och  des  alten  kvniges  beide.     Vii  harte  herlich 
gewant. 

20  E  si  vol  drie  mile  komen  waren  dan. 

von  der  stat  ze  Leng''es.     in  volgen  tvsent  man. 
od''  dannoch  mere,     die  zv  den  gesten  riten. 
wand  si  d''  kvnieinne  here,     heten. 


2. — HILDEGVNDE   BRVTE. 

V  was  ze  hove  niemen.     wan  di  da  solden  sin. 
het  gesehen  iemen.     ein  schöner  magedin. 
denne  waer  Hildeevt  do  si  da  heime  saz. 


■  N 


20,  4.  Wände  si  der  künigiune  here  heten  vii  müellche  erbiten» 
Jänicke. 


70  WALT  HER  OF  AQUITAINE. 

da  ir  des  ivngen  kvniges  reken  dieten.     ich  gelovb  mvlich 
daz. 

2  Swaz  man  wesse  vnpilde.     di  iemen  het  getan, 
er  waere  denne  wilde  zereht  mYse*"  stan. 

da  walther  d''  vii  kvene  sines  vater  lant  besaz. 
er  phlach  des  landes  nach  der  krone  rehte.  wände  im  riet 
div  ivnchfröwe  daz. 

3  Die  Walthers  mvter.  zal'te  wol  die  meit. 

daz  sach  der  degn  gvter.  iz  was  im  niht  leit. 
si  schvf  ir  hovegesinde.  vii  schoniv  magedin, 
die  bi  Hildegvnde.  ze  allen  ziten  mit  groze  zvhte  mvse  sin. 

4  Do  div  magt  edele  in  ir  heinliche  saz. 
so  getet  ir  chvrzwile/nie  dekeine  baz. 

wa  so  si  des  gedahte  waz  ir  d''  chvne  degen. 
e  daz  er  si  vo  den  Hivnen  braehte.     het  gedienet  ovf  den 
wegen. 

5  Dar  zv  sach  er  si  diche.  vro  was  in  d''  m°vt. 
ir  trivtlich''  bliche  siv  beide  dovhte  gvt 

er  liebte  swie  er  kvnde.  daz  \\\\\\nechliche  kint. 
daz  man  lobes  nivse  iehen     ....     //z/degvnde.    der 
ivncvrowen  sint. 

6  Swa  ie  des  fvrsten  hole  ri'ten.  dvKch  daz  lant 
ez  wart  den  livten  allen,  mit  sime  tvn  bechant 
er  wolde  hohz\X.c..     mit  Hildegvnd«?  hau. 

der  riche  kvnich  vcixlte  mit  sinen  vrevnden,  dar  zv  bereiten 
sich  began. 

7  Gestvle  hiez  do  wrchen  der  herrc:  alpker. 
ahzec  her  gesellen,    vnt  waen  dannoch  'v!\der  vier. 
....  der  ieslichen  wol  zwez  hvnAcxt  man. 

die  mit  de  ...  .  sehe  chomen  solden.     des  ze^^rches  gahen 
man  be^a7^, 

8  Er  schvf  ovch  allentha/^^^'«.  läget  inden  wait. 

wf  vtamo.  tyer  wilde,  der  he enkalt. 

ouch  mvsen  vischcere.  ovf  wage  vnmvz/V  zt'^sen. 

6,2.  er  hiez  den  liuten  allen  mit  vilze  tuon  bekant,  Haupt. — 6,  4.  mit 
den  sinen  vriunden,  Haupt. — 7,  2.  ahizec  hśrgesidele  {oder  hergesi- 
dele)  unt  waen  donnoch  msrjäniclce;  inder  omitted  by  Haupt. — 7,  3, 
4.  [und  mit]  der  ieslichen  (=  ieslichen)  wól  tzwei  hundert  man,  die 
mit  de[n  ze  tijsche  chomen  solden.  Bartsch. — 8,  2.  vii  manic  tier 
wilde  der  herschaft  enkah,  Haupt.  v[il  ma]nic  tyer  wilde  der  he[lde 
du]  enkalt,  Bartsch. 


/r.-?  L  TH  ER  OF  A  GUI  TA I  XE. 


71 


si  fvnden  ir  vii in  den  vnden.  die  v(7;z  ?'«  ć';/kvnden 

genesen. 
9     Die  sinen  valchnaere.  d<?r  /zrste  peizen  hiez. 
wie  vii  man  der  nezze.     xwvzxchlichen  liez. 

.  .  .  hiez(e)n    a snelle a 

in  s 

10  E 

wie icher  de e*"  daz. 

gesniten. 

di(e)  da  liehzx  ross  gewnne  der  kom  vii  manig''  dar  gerite. 

1 1  Die  //(^hzite  walther  d''ge  .  ...  do  der  wait  gelovbet  was 
vnd  daz  die  blvme  vnd  daz  gras 

^/vnden  allenthalben  of  dew  wisen  breit. 

daz  im  d""  sine  geste  komen.  so  was  allez  da  bere(it.) 

12     vnmvzic  waren  hie.     ze  ^anie  lant. 

da  h  .  .  .  nv  .  .  .  Hildegvnt.  kom  heim  .  ,  .    gesaut. 

ze  Arrogón  dem  lant  div  maere  hiez  si  sagen. 

daz  si  m  chvrzen  ziten  wol^ć'  krowę.,  bi  dem  Yxwxwge  2valł- 
/lere  tragen. 
r  3      Wo/  was  iz  in  allen.  (de)n  si  /  dejt  grvz  enhot. 

OYch  mvs  in  wol  gevallen.  daz  si  von  mang*"  nół.    ■ 

zen  Hivnen  was  gesceide?i.  vnd  daz  si  brahte  dan. 

der  Jv"  walthere  so  rehte  \o\>liche.  da  vö  er  ere  vii  gewan. 
14     Des  k7niiges  ingesinde.  be(rei)te  sich  zer  vart. 

wol  .  .  .  sa(z)te  er  di  reken.  wol  geziret  bf  rossen  vn(ge- 
sp)art. 

zTöwen  vo *her. 


8,  4.  die  vor  in,  Haupt. — 9,  2.  wie  wenie  oder  wie  lützel,  Haupt. — 9, 
4.  [si]  hiezen  a[lle  deste]  snelle[r  gäben],  Bartsch. — 10,  i.  4.  E  daz 
der  fürste  riebe  mit  in  ze  tische  saz  die  da  [guot]er  rosse  gewannen, 
Bartsch.— II,  4.  s6  waere,  Haupt.     11,  1-4. 

[Sine  h5c]hzite  Walther  d")  geb[ot, 

S"i]der  wa!t  geloubet  [wsere]  und  daz  die  bluomen  [rot 

stjüenden  allenthalben  [üf  de]n  wisen  breit, 

daz  im  [danne]  sine  geste  koemen  :  s5[waere]allez  da  bereit. 

— Bartsch. 

12,  r.  dö  h[et  euch]  nu  [vrou]  Hildegunt  boten  heim  [gesant], 
Bartsch. — 12,  2.  ze  Arr.  dem  lande  msere  {oder  diu  niaere),  Haupt. — 

13,  I.  Liep  was,  Haupt. — 14,  2  wol  [ge]sach  [man]  recken  ziere  [üf 
r]ossen  un[gesp]art,  Bartsch. — 14,  4.  her  W.,  Haupt.— 15,  i.  ze  En- 
gellande rlten  manouch  die  boten  hiez,  Jänicke. 


7  2  IVA  L  TH  ER  OF  AQ  U  ITA  INE. 

15  Ze  Engellant.  man  riten  och  die  boten  hiez. 
die  wege  man  vii  witen.  gar  vn\w\z\c  (lie)z. 
zNauarren  vn  Cheerlingen.  da  wart  ez  ovch  bechant. 
do  rihten  si  sich  gen  der  hohzite.  I  daz  waltheres  lant. 

16  Walthere  gie  zerate.  ob  si  daz  devhte  gvt. 
sine  man  vn  sine  mage.  ob  niht  vbele  gemvt. 
Ezel  da  vo  w°rde.  ob  er  die  boten  sin. 

im  vnd  der  kvniginne  Helch'n  sande.  vn  ouch  daz  schon 
magdin. 

17  Daz  wider  riet  im  niemen,  da  von  wart  ez  sit  getan, 
sine  brieve  schriben.  man  dar  zv  began. 

die  er  da  wolde  senden  in  Ezelen  lant. 

den  selben  boten  lie  man  niht  gebresten.   man  gab  in  rosse 
vnd  och  gewant. 

18  Mit  den  hiez  man  do  rite,  di  da  solten  an  den  Rin. 
Gvnth''  wol  gedahte.  vnd  ovch  die  vrevnde  sin. 
wie  er  siniv  msere.  hete  dar  gesant. 

bi  Volkere  dem  stolzen  videlaere.  in  der  Bvrgonde  lant. 

19  Do  sprach  der  vogt  von  Rine.vnd  war  iz  niht  schände  w^>^. 
hei  ic\\  nv  tovsent  miner  beiden,  so  wold  ich  gerne  sin. 

ze  siner  hohzite.  waer  ez  d^  Hagne  rat. 
so  wold  ich  dar 

15,  2.  allenthalben,  Jänicke. — 19,  2.  mit  tüsent  miner  beide,  Jänicke. 
— 19,  4.  so  wold  ich  dar  [mit  minen  recken  riten,  als  ez  mir  lobeliche 
stat,]  Bartsch. 


VIII. 


BITEROLF  UND  DIETLEIB.» 


375-S 

Walther  sowas  er  genant; 
er  was  der  künec   von 
Spanjelant. 
der  was  von  Hinnen  her  be- 

komen, 
als  ir  wol  habt  e  vernomen. 

Dem  jungen  helde  was  geseit 
daz  hie  mit  zweifgesellen  reit 
in  rehter  maze  ein  alter  man. 
im  wart  ouch  kunt  daz  getan 
daz  si  äne  helme  niht  enriten. 
586      einen  garzün  hiez  er  si  des 
biten, 
daz  si  im  enbuten  maere 
war  ir  geverte  waere. 
do  sprach  Biterolf  der  degen 
'  der  mich  fraget,  wie  ich  öf 
den  wegen 
591  rite  und  die  gesellen  min. 
dem  saget  daz  wir  geste  sin 
und   wellen  riten   durch   diu 

lant, 
ich  tuon  im   anders  niht  be- 

kant.' 
Der  garzün  sagte  dem  künege 
daz 
596  'herre,  ich  weiz  niht  umbe  waz 
er  iu  anders  niht  enbót : 
äne  ertwungenliche  not 
rite  er  swar  in  dunket  guot. 
er  hat  so  herlichen  niuot 
^'  unde  ouch  die  gebaere, 
sam  ez  im  zorn  waere, 
daz  ich  in  gefräget  hän.' 


dö  sprach  der  künic  'daz  lät 

stein, 
ich  wil  in  gerne  selbe  sehen, 
^6  in  swelher  fuoge  ez  mac  ges- 
chehen, 
sit  im  min  name  ist  unbekant. 
und  füere  er  also  durch  diu 

lant, 
des  müese   ich  immer  laster 

han, 
nu  wil  ich  in  daz  sehen  lan  ; 
^'^  Wirt  noch    nach    maeren   zim 
gesant, 
er  enbiut  mirs  heim  in  miniu 
lant,' 

Sine  man  er  da  bellben  hiez. 
der  fürste  d6  daz  niht  enliez, 
er  hielt  gen  im  üf  den  wegen. 
■516  dósachouchBiterolfdedegen 
an  dem  schilde  guot  genuoc 
bi  dem »  wäpen  daz  er  truoc. 
daz  er  was  von  Spanjelant. 
do  gedähte  er  sä  zehant 
^'  daz  wider  komen  waere 
Walther  der  degen  maere 
üz  hiunischen  riehen, 
im  selben  angestlichen 
und  den  slnen  niht  ze  guote. 
616  in  beden  in  ir  muote. 
herter  wille  was  gestalt : 
des  wurden  üf  daz  gras  gevalt 
sit  ir  moere  beider, 
den  gesten  wart  nie  leider 
631  und  ouch  denWaltheres  man. 
der  alte  sit  da  von  gewan 


»The  text  is  from  '  Deutches  Heldenbuch  '   (i.  Theil,  S.  Jänicke,  Berlin,  i866.)    Only  the 
important  variants  are  given. 

I  Waffen. 


74 


WALTHER  OF  AQUITAINE. 


einen  grimmigen  muot : 

do  sprane  er  an  denheltguot, 

an  Walthśrn  den  jungen. 

636  dö  sluoc  er  Weisungen, 2 
durch  einen  helmen  riehen 
harte  krefticlfchen 
unz  üf  ein  hiubel  guldin. 
daz  im  genas  der  lip  sin, 

641  daz  hat  man  noch  für  wunder, 
do  truoc  ouch  da  besunder 
VValther  ein  vväfen  an  derhant^ 
daz  vii  witen  was  erkant 

646  zeinem  dem  aller  besten 
daz  si  dö  Inder  westen. 
ze  strite    künde    er    als    ein 

degen : 
er  hete  senfte  sich  bewegen, 
den  künec  von  Bergens  er  dö 
sluoc 

65»  daz  üz  der  sarwaete  truoc 
diu  ecke  heiz  fiuwer  rot. 

dem  türsten  witze  daz  gebot 
unde  ouch  sin  bescheidenheit: 
do  er  so  herlichen  streit, 

656  dö  bat  den  zorn  län 

der  alte  disen  jungen  man  : 
'  Waz  hülfe, ob  ich  slüege  dich 
ode  ob  du  houbetlósen  mich 
tjetest  mit  der  dinen  kraft? 

661  unser  beder  meisterschaft 
waere  ringe  hie  gelegen, 
bist  duz  Walth^r  der  degen, 
s6  hou  üf  mich  niht  mere, 
ez  ist  ein  kleiniu  ere, 

666  der  den  andern  so  bestät, 
daz  der  schulde  niht  enhät.' 
er  sprach  'ir  habt  mich  rehte 
erkant : 
ich  bin  Walther  genant.' 
dö  sprach  Biterolf  der  degen 

671  '  so  sol  man  senfte  mir  gewe- 
sen : 
min  swester  was  diu  muoter 

din, 
und  ob  du  vor  den  banden  min 
also  ze  tóde  wserst  erslagen. 


so   möhte   ich    nimmer  dich 
verklagen.' 

676  Do  sprach  der  kindische  man 
'so  ist  mir  liep  daz  niht  gevvan 
iuwer  lip  dervon  diu  meil, 
und  ist  ouch  unser  beider  heil: 
wan  habt  ir  Weisungen  hie, 

681  so  genas  als  zeichenlichen  nie 
in  der  werlt  nehein  man, 
dann  ich  vor  iuwer  hän  getan, 
oeheim,  sit  mir  willekomen. 
mir  ist  liep  daz  ich  hän  verno- 
men 

686  daz  irnoch  sit  söwol  gesunt.' 
ir  Hüten  winkten  si  zestunt, 
den  vii  liebe  da  geschach, 
dö  man  die  staeten  suone  sach . 
dö  si  heten  daz  vernomen 

691  wie  diu  suone  was  bekomen, 
dem  fürsten  nigen  al  zehant 
die  guoten  beide  üz  Spanje- 

lant. 
Walthśr  dö  Biterolfen  bat 
daz  er  ze  Paris  in  die  stat 

696  wider  rite  hinder  sich  ; 

dö  sprach  der  degen  'nein  ich. 
ze  Paris  ich  nu  niht  enwil : 
ich  hän  ze  reden  mit  iu  vii, 
des  suit  ir  mich  niht  verdagen 

701  er  sprach  '  ich  \^il  iu  gesagen 
swes  ir  mich  hie  gefräget, 
wan  mich  des  niht  betraget.' 
Si  szaen  nider  üf  den  plan, 
den  recken  fragen  er  began 

706  von  hiunischen  riehen. 
vii  bescheidenlichen 
sagt  er  im  daz  im  was  erkant, 
der  beiden  site  und  wie  daz 

lant 
berihtet  mit  ir  herren  was, 

7"  und  daz  vii  lützel  der  genas 
die  er  in  sine  ^hte  nam, 
und  wie  der  küniginne  zam 
ir  leben  in  hiunischen  riehen, 
und  wie  rehte  wünniclichen 

716  die  recken  lebten  dar  enlant, 


2  Weifungen,  H. — 3  von  den  Pergen. 


u -.IL  TH  ER  OF  AQUITAINE. 


75 


und  wie  sicli  des  beides  hant 
hete  ervohten  an  dem  Rin. 
des  smielte  sd  der  neve  sin. 
Walthör  döherbergen  hiez, 

721  diegeste  er  von  im  niht  enliez, 
man  enschüefe  in  riioweunde 

gemach, 
der  junge    hclt     zem     alten 

sprach 
'  friunt  und  lieber  oeheim  min, 
ir  suit  durch  kurzu  ile  sin 

726  bi  uns  hie  doch  drizic  tage, 
unz  ich  iu  allez  daz  gesage 
daz  ich  mit  iu  ze  reden  han  ; 
daz  kan  so  gahes  niht  ergan, 
also  ir  des  habt  gedaht. 

73»  mich  hat  min  eilende  bräht 
üf  so  grözen  ungewin 
daz  ich  im  immer  vient  bin.' 
Die  hütten  hiez  er  üf  daz  velt 
spannen  unde  diu  gezelt 

736  da  si  under  solden  ligen. 
diu  sunne  diu  was  nu  gesigen 
den  bergen  also  nahen, 
dö  si  gerihtet  s.ahen 
gesidele  üf  einem  anger  wit. 

741  der  mit  liebem  gaste  sit 
ze  tische  vvirdiclichen  saz, 
die  koste  gap  er  äne  haz : 
vor  dem  er  küme  ernerte  den 

lip, 
der  bevalch  im  laut  und  ouch 
sin  wip. 

746  die  beide  sliefen  deste  min, 
diu  naht  gienc  in  also  bin  : 
e  daz  si  sähen  aber  den  tac, 
der  belt  mit  frage  bi  im  lac 
wie  stüende   Rüedegeres   le- 
ben 

751  ode  waz  im  hete  der  künec 
gegeben 
Wider  Aräbi  daz  lant, 
er  sprach  'da  stet  insiner  hant 
allez  daz  der  künic  hat. 
er  hat  urliuges  rat 

756  nach  sinem  erbe  an  sinen  tot. 


daz  Etzelen  golt  rAt 
mac  er  geben  swem  er  wil. 
er  ha;t  mir  ouch  wo!  also  vii 
gegeben  unde  more ; 

761  Reiche  diu  here, 

diu  bot  mir  tugentliche 
krone  und  lant  riebe. 
so  bedäbte  ich  mich  baz  : 
ich  wiste  Ane  zwivel  daz, 

766  daz  ich  selbe  hete  lant. 
Etzelen  unde  Heichen  bant 
beten  mir  und  Hildegunde 
verüben  in  der  stunde 
swes  wir  beten  da  gegert 

771  von  Etzelen  wir  namenswert, 
böde  ich  unde  Hagene. 
umb  uns  eilende  degene 
liez  sichz  der  künic  here 
kosten  micbels  mere, 

776  ze  tüsent  marken 4  oder  baz, 

und  tete  vii  williclichen  daz.' 

Dö  sprach    Bitrolf  der   wi- 

gant 

'  ich  wil  ouch  hiuniscbiu  lant 

und  die  recken  schouwen 

781  und  Kelchen  die  frouwen 
von  der  ich  wunder  beere  sa- 
gen, 
wie  si  in  ir  höben  tagen 
lebe  und  in  ir  ziten, 
daz  si  äne  widerstriten 

786  si  daz  miltiste  küneges  wip, 
diu  noch  ie  gewan  den  lip. 
nu  solt  du, Walther,  neve  min. 
fride  meister  mines  landes  sin. 
la  dir  bevolben  sin  min  guol, 

791  so  friunt  dem   andern  dicke 
tuot. 
ich  wil  bevelhen  dir  min  wip 
und  läz  ouch  miner  recken  lip, 
vii  lieber  friunt  der  guote, 
sin  in  diner  huote.' 

796  er  sprach    '  got  müeze    iuch 
dort  be  warn, 
ir  suit  hie  heime  vvol  gevarn  : 
an  aller  bände  dingen 


4  ze  dreissig  tausend  march. 


76 


WALTHER  OF  AQUITAINE. 


so  sol  ill  wol  gelingen.' 

79»-808 

Urloup  nam  er  von  im  dan. 
dö  sähen  wol  des  fürsten  man 
daz  vii  friuntlich  scheiden 
geschach  dö  von  in  beiden. 
Biterolf  der  kerte  dan, 
804  Walther  und  die  sine  man 
ze  Paris  kerten  in  die  stat. 
wol  leiste  er  des  er  in  gebat : 
ez  hete  der  degen  guote 
sin  lant  in  friundes  huote. 

2104-8 

der  frumen  lützel  waere   ge- 
nesen, 
waer  der  von  Kärlingen  niht : 
swaz  ie   den    Hüten   din   ge- 

schiht, 
Walther  ez  heizet  widertuon. 
der  ist  diner  basen  s  suon. 

3038-42 

her  künec,  daz  irs  gewarnet 

sit: 
sol  Bitrolf  Inder  erben  hän, 
so  sippet  der  vii  junge  man 
an  Walther  den  wigant, 
den  recken  üzer  Spanjelant.' 

5082-98 

sö  kumet   iu   ouch  mit  siner 

kraft 

der  fürste  da  von  Spanjelant, 

Walther  der  wigant ; 

der  lobte,  ob  daz  geschaehe 

swenn  man  in  gerne  ssehe 

5087  ze  Wormez  bi  dem  Rine, 
daz  er  und  al  die  sine 
iu  ze  dienste  wolden  komen  ; 
daz  habet  ir  selbe  wol  verno- 

men. 
wer  mac  iuch  danne  twingen? 

5092  her  bringet  6  von  Kärlingen 
der  künec  alle?  sine  man, 
di  sint  im  dienstes  undertän  : 
Arragün  und  Nävarren  lant, 
daz  stet  gar  in  siner  hant ; 

S097  da  von  er  bringet  helde 


her  in  iuwer  selde. 

«219-24 

dar  nach  hiez  er  springen 
und  Waltheren  bringen, 
den  helt  üzer  Spanjelant. 
mit  dem  körnen  al  zehant 
siner  undertänen  dri 
künege  die  im  stuonden  bi. 

«273-6306 

her  Walther  lachende  gie 
da  er  den  marcman  enphie  : 
er  gedähte  an  diu  mćere 
wie  er  gescheiden  waere 
von  hiunischem  riche  : 

6278  si  redeten  schimphliche. 
er  fragte  an  der  stunde 
nach     der    schcenen     Hilde- 

gunde. 
dö  sprach  Walther  der  degen 
'  diu  ist  hie  in  Guntheres  phle- 
gen. 

6283  weit  ir,  daz  mac  vii  wol  ge- 
schehen, 
daz  ich  iuch  läze  die  gesehen.' 
Den  boten  wunderte  sere 
wie  Hildegunt  diu  here 
zuo  dem  Rine  was  bekomen  : 

6288  der  helt  hete  noch  niht  verno- 
men 
der  unglouplichen  maere 
daz  ir  da  mere  waere. 
im  sagte  der  helt  von  Spanje- 
lant 
'Günther  hat  nach  uns  gesant: 

6293  die  da  heizent  küneges  kint, 
daz  unser  vierzehen  sint, 
der  habent  siben  hie  ir  wip  : 
des  ist  der  Hildegunde^  lip 
bi  den  andern  hie  gesehen. 

6298  wir  hörten  sine  boten  jehen, 
wir  solden  zeiner  höchzit. 
nu  riuwet  mich  daz  immer  sit 
daz  ich  so  smähe  her  gereit, 
und  ist  mir  doch  ze  mäzen  leit. 

6303  sul  wir  wern  im  sin  lant, 


5  deines  vaters. — 6  der  bringen. — 7  den  kunig  und. — 8  Hildepurgen 


H. 


IFA  L  TH  ER  OF  A  Q  U  ITA  INE. 


11 


so  sol  dienen  liie  min  hant 
sü  wol  sin  bröt  und  ouch  den 

win 
daz  si  mir  iu)U  müezen  sin.' 
«423-34 

du  sprach  üzer  Spanjelant 

Walther  der  vvigant 

'  her  künec,  hset  ir  mich  wiz- 

zen  län, 
dö  ich  mit  juncfrouvven  dan 
von  Spanjeher  zem  Rine  reit, 
6428  vvie  Sere  iu  si  hie  widerseit, 
sin    niöhte   dannoch    werden 
rät. 


gar  äne  alle  schände 
daz  ich  so  rehte  erkande 
shie  site,  des  jungen  man  : 
des  muosteich  in  döritenlan. 
S434M1 

'  sö  wil  ich  läzen  schinen,' 
sprach  VValther  von  Spanje- 
lant, 
'  daz  uns  turnieren  ist  bekant; 
ich    wil   ouch    läzen  hundert 

dar. 
si  werdent  schiere  wol  gewar 
wie    wir    turnierens    kunnen 
phlegen.' 


ob  man  inch  mit  strite  bestät,    H770-7!» 


ich  braehte  niun  tüsent  man  : 
die  wile  und  ich  der  einen  hän 
6433  und  ouch  ich  selbe  lebendic 
bin, 
üf  iuwer  helfe  stet  min  sin.' 

«774-77 

Walth'ir  sprach  'so  ist  niliträt 
ern  küsse  ouch  Hildegunde 
diu  in  in  vii  langer  stunde 
mit  mir  zen   Hiunen   hat  er- 
kant.' 

7 «44-50 

so  sol  daz  Etzeln  golt  rot 
dienen  der  helt  Rüedeger  : 
von  Spanjelant  den  künec  her 
sol  er  mit  siner  hant  bestän. 
daz  er  froun  Hildegunden  dan 
enphuorteHelchen  der  riehen 
er  riebet  ez  ouch  billichen.' 

7«55-59 

'  waz  wizet  ir  mir,  Hildebrant? 
wser  iu  Walther  also  wol  be- 
kant 
als  mir  ist  der  küene  degen, 
ir  hset  mich  nimmer  im  gewe- 
sen 
ze  einem  widerstriten. 

7««0-«3 

Ja  lieze  ich  in  noch  riten, 
und  nseme  er  mir  tohter  min, 
so  solde  er  ungevangen  sin 
immer  von  der  minen  hant. 

7««4-«8 

er  rümte  mines  herren  lant 


gen  den  sach  man  do  wenden 
hundert  Waltheres  man. 
dö  begunde  enstete  stän 
da  daz  ritterliche  spil 
für  diu  hämit  9  an  ir  zil. 
8775      Vii  schiere  komen  wären 
die  von  Bechelären 
gegen  den  von  Spanjelant, 
den  ze  helfe  man  do  vant 
die  von  Arragüne  lande. 

8»58-«0 

Walthćres  1°  wigande, 
sibene  fuorten  sie  sit 
der  Rüedgcres  durch  diu  hä- 
mit." 

»075-S2 

Sifriden  fragen  man  began 
und  ouch  den  Hildegunde '^ 

man, 
Waltheren  von  Spanjelant. 
dö  sprach  der  recke  sä  zehant 
'  wes  fraget  ir  mich  eine  '  ? 
9080  dö  sprächens  al  gemeine 
'  wir  läzenz  also  hine  gän. 
nu  si  niht  frides  wellen  hän.' 

»57«-{MS 

Walther  der  wigant 

sprach  '  lat  iur  sorge  under 

wegen, 
hie  sol  ein  ieslicher  degen 
wane  mir  volgen  mite, 
ich  wil  daz  man  si  lihte  erbite 

9581  daz  si  den  vinden  sin  ze  wer. 


9  hannt.— 10  Walther  H.— 11  handt.— 12  Hildegunden. 


78 


JVAL  TH  ER  OF  AQUITAINE. 


und  gesiget  hie   der  Hiunen 

her, 
ich  weizdie  helde  alsög-emuot, 
wir  haetenz  alle  geliche  guot. 
da  von  sol  ein  ieslich  man 

9586  hie  striten  als  er  beste  kan.' 
Walther  redete  mere  sider 
'  e  si  mich  zen  Hiunen  wider 
fuorten  äne  minen  danc, 
ich  Heze  se  zehen  lande  lanc 

959^  noch  herverten  fürbaz  ; 
wan  Etzel  wolde  sinen  haz 
allen  rechen  ane  mir. 
edel  künec,  ich  rate  dir 
daz  wir  mit  geliehen  scharn 

9596  äne  sorgen  zuo  in  varn/ 

'hie  kumet  daz  Alpkereskint.' 
sprach  der  marcgräve  riche, 
'mit  Spangen  siiśgeliche, 
im  volget  hervonSpanjelant. 
die  Ersten  tjost  sol  min  hant 
9909  tuon  vor  der  Hiunen  her : 
dar  nach  rihten  sich  ze  wer 
die  Hiunen,  swie  man  hie  ge- 

tuo, 
s5  muoz  ich  Walthere  zuo, 
sit  mich  des  wolde  niht  erlän 
9914  des  fürsten  Dietriches  man.' 
Do  sprach  der  recke  Diet- 
leip  13 
'  mir  ist  doch  lange  her  geseit, 
und  hörte  in  selbe  des  verje- 

hen, 
dö  ich  in  neehste  hän  gesehen 
9919  do   ich   reit  zuo  der   Hiunen 
lant, 
daz  Walth^r  der  wigant 
wsere  miner  basen  kint.' 
der  msre  verjach  im  sint 
Biterolf  der  vater  sin 
9924  '  sin  muoter  was  diu  swester 
min. 
wie  sich  daz  verkeret  hat 
daz  er  nu  Gunthere  gestat ! 
er  füert  ein  kreftige  schar. 


wir  solden  einen  boten  dar 

9929  senden  der  im  künde  gesagen 
daz  wir  im  holden  willen  tra- 
gen, 
swie  halt  uns  der  helt  getuo." 

Rüedegsr  der  gap  duo 
eines  lórboumes  zwl 

9934  einem  garzünderstuont  däbi 
und  horte  gar  diu  maere 
waz  hin  enboten  waere  : 
der  lief  do  balde  vor  in  dar. 
Walther  hielt  vor  sine  schar 

9939  sam  er  nu  strites  wolde  phle- 
gen 
der    Hiunen,  unde   sach    der 

degen 
den  boten  tragen  an  der  hant.. 
daz  er  im  waere  dar  gesant, 
des  verdähte  er  sich  duo  : 

9944  ersprach  dem  boten  balde  zuo 
'saget  an,  waz  maere  bringet 

ir'? 
er  sprach  'herre,  zeiget  mir 
hie  den   künec  von    Spanje- 

lant. 
dem  ha'bent  die  zwene  mich 
gesant, 

9949  Bitrolf  und    Dietleip  der  de- 
gen, 
durch  wen  er  welle  sich  bewe- 
gen 
so  guoter  friunde  so  si  sint.' 
dö  sprach  daz  Alpkeres  kint 
'ich  bin  Walther  genant.' 

9954  '  so  si  iu  daz  bekant 

daz  si  bede  klagent  daz, 
daz  ir  in  also  sit  gehaz 
daz  ir  durch  ieman  si  bestät 
und  die  verchsippe  lät 

9959  zwischen  iu  und  sinem  kinde. 
die  helde  und  ir  gesinde, 
die  waeren  iu  vii  gerne  bi : 
daz  ir  si  liezet  schaden  fri, 
daz  wolden  si  ze  liebe  hän.' 

9964  do  sprach  der  tugenthafte  man 
'  so  braeche  ich  min  .Sicherheit. 


13  vii  gemalt. — 14  im. 


WALTHER  OF  AQVITAISE. 


79 


wurde  ez  nininitr  iiiM  jjtseit, 

minem  f^lieim  und  dem  sunę 
sin, 

so  leiste  icli  in  die  triuwe  niin 
9969  die  wile  ichz  leben  mac  ge- 
hän. 

wie  wolde  er  slnen  wirt  verlan 

der  im  schankte  stnen  win  ? 

ich  bete  die  naiitselde  sin 

vii  undest-'nliche  genomen, 
-74  wold  ich  im  niht  ze  helfe  kö- 
rnen.' 

Zug  dem  boten  er  du  sprach 

'ich  leiste  des  ich  im  verlach, 

do  ich  nu  jungest  von  im  reit. 

im  sol  daz  niht  wesen  leit 
•J979  swa  er  beere   von  iemannes 
sage 

daz  ich  lop  unde  kröne  trage. 

geselle,  got  gesegene  dich, 

und  bite  daz  niht  zürnen  mich 

min  neve  und  ouch  der  vater 
sin. 
--4  dar  under  si  suln  hüeten  min 

swä  wir  uns  samenen  in  den 

scharn : 

so  sol  ouch  ich  daz  wol  be- 
warn 

daz  in  min  kraft  iht  widerste  ; 
•ja  bestüende  ich  einen  Krie- 
chen e,' 
9989  der  bote  braht  diu  maere  dan, 

als  er  im  hete  kunt  getan. 

do  dühte  dise  beide  guot 

Waltheres  sin  und  ouch   sin 
muot. 
10ir2-32 

dö  sach  daz  Alpkśres  kint 

der  marcgräve  Rüedeger ; 

die  Etzeln  beide  liez  er 

unde  reit  Waltheren  an. 

dö  hete  ouch   sin  der  junge 
man 
10117  vor  den  Hiunen  war  genomen, 

si  mousten  zuo  einander  ko- 
men 

als  ez  den  beiden  wol  gezam. 


daz  da  den  tot  niht  ennam 
der  marcgrAve  h^re, 
lom  (]es  wundert  mich  vii  söre. 
ouch  kom  im  ze  heile  daz, 
daz  üf  dem  rosse  gesaz 
der  marcgräve  riebe, 
ze  helfe  im  snellicliche 
IOIS7  kämen  dö  die  sine  man : 

biet  erden  niderwanc getan, 
sO  künde  er  nimmer  sin  gene- 
sen. 
wie  mohte  ez  grimmer  gewe- 
sen, 
dö  ez  diu  Rüedegeres  bant 
versuochte  an  den  von  Span- 
jelant. 
l03S»tt-4»4 

da  beten   die  von  Spanje- 
lant, 
als  wir  diu  maere  beeren  sagen, 
baz  danne  tüsent  erslagen 
der  biunischen  schützen, 
swie  wol  si  künden  nützen 
10401  ir  hornbogen  bi  der  schar, 
ir  kocher  wären  lasre  gar  : 
der  was   geschozzen    von    ir 

haut 
so  vii  daz  der  von  Spanjelant 
\il  maneger  tot  was  beliben. 
10406  (les  beten  si  so  vii  getriben 
daz  von  den  wunden  rossen 
sider 

muose  \nl  manic  belt  nider 
üf  die  füeze  in  die  schar, 
des  hete  wol  genomen  war 
10411  der  marcgräve  Rüedeger, 
daz  Walther  der  degen  her 
mit  den  sinen  üfez  gras 
von  den  rossen  kumen  was. 
Swaz  do  der  edel  wigant 
10416  der  küenen  Hiunen  bi  im  vant_ 
die  mante  er  wol  ze  strite. 
siben  schar  \-il  wite, 
die  volgeten  Rüedegsre. 
Blcedelin  der  höre, 
10421  der  erbeizte  nider  neben  sin. 
dö  truobte  der  sunnen  schin 


8o 


WAL  TH  ER  OF  AO  U  ITA  INE. 


der  nebel  von  der  beide  hant. 
dö  kam  der  helt  von  Hiunen  ■ 

lant 
da  er  Waltheren  sach. 
10426  der  guote  marcgräve  sprach 
'näher  alle  die  ich  han. 
kumet  der  Hildegunde  man 
üz  der  Guntheres  schar, 
so  müezens  die  andern  gar 
10431  bieten  hiute  ir  Sicherheit.' 

dö  Rüedeger  der  belt  ges- 
treit 
daz  er  wart  Walthere  bekant, 
dö  sprach  der  herre  üz  Span- 

jelant 
'hie    kumet    der    Gotelinde 
man : 
10436  möhte  ich  mich'S  mit  eren  dan 
von  dem  helde  gescheiden, 
man  gesaehe  von  uns  beiden 
tälanc     deheinen  »6     swertes 

swanc. 
Hildebrant  der  habe  undanc 
10441  der  mich   zuo  im   gemezzen 
hat: 
wir^Thetens  bede  gerne  rät. 
ich  schiet  also  von    Hiunen 

lant 
daz  mir  der  msere  wigant 
nie  besvverte  minen  muot : 
10446  nu  muoz  ich  den  belt  guot 
under  minen  danc  bestan. 
swaz  er  mir  liebes  hat  getan, 
des  wolde  ich  im  nu  Ionen, 
und  künde  er  min  geschonen, 
10451  so  wurde  schaden  deste  min. 
er  lät  mich  nu  niht  komen  hin, 
sit  mich  der  küene  hat  gese. 

hen, 
so  muoz  under  uns  geschehen 
des  ich  vii  gerne  enbaere 
10456  ob  ez  mir  ere  waere.' 

Nu  was  ouch  komen  Rüede- 
ger. 
dö  sprach  der  marcgräve  her 


'got    weiz,    her    künec    von 

Spanjelant, 
hie  muoz  unser  eines  hant 
10461  bejagen    schaden    oder    fru- 
men.' 
vii  manic  swert  sach  man  dru- 

men 
und  bi  in  beiden  bresten, 
dö  man  die  nötvesten 
sach  zuo  einander  springen. 
10466  dö  hört  man  lüte  erklingen 
ir  beider  wäfen  an  der  hant. 
dö  wurden  die  von  Spanjelant 
umbe  gekeret  mit  ir  schar, 
ez  was  vii  degenliche  dar 
10471  komen  der  guote  Rüedeger. 
do  versümte  sich  der  k ünic  her 
daz  diu  Rüedegeres  hant 
den  belt  erreichte  über  rant, 
er  sluoc  in  durch  den    heim 
guot 
10476  daz  im  gezwivelt  der  muot, 
und  sich  wunden  da  versan 
von  dem  Etzelen  man. 
Walther  der  küene  wigant 
huop  dö  höher  an  der  hant 
10481  ein    schoenez    swert    daz    er 
truoc : 
dem  marcgräven  er  daz  sluoc 
durch   schilt  und   durch  sar- 

wät, 
do  er  des  niht  mohte  haben 

rät, 
daz  sśre  sweizen  began 
10486  des  künic  Etzelen  man. 

ouch    was    Walther    worden 

wunt. 
dö  kam  in  vii  gäher  stunt 
der  herzöge  Rämunc 
und  ander  manic  helt  junc, 
10491  die  drungen  Rüedegere 
von  dem  künege  here  : 
dö  weich  der  Hildegunde  man 
von  Etzelen  schar  dan. 


15  euch. — 16  einem. — 17  weit,  H. 


WAL  TH  ER  OF  AQUITAINE. 


8l 


ouch  kam  von  Francrlche  sit 
vii  manic  tiurltcher  degen  : 
da  was  in  Waltheres  phlegen 
von  Arragün  manec  helt  guot. 
11001-42 

Günther  nam  es  vii  wol  war, 
Witege  wiste  sie  dar. 
dö  wände  des  der  wigant, 
wand  erden  helt  von  Spanje- 

lant 
hie  vor  Dietriche  sach, 
.1006  daz  durch  sinen  ungemach 
alle  wolden  komen  dar. 
er  hiez  der  Burgonde  schar 
alle  kören  zuo  in  hin  : 
'  nu  helft  Walthßren  von  in, 
fioii  so  rehte  liep  ich  iu  si : 

wan  18  gestüende  wir  im  niht 

bi, 
so  slüegen  in  die  geste. 
seht  wie  der  sturmveste 
vor  den  andern  allen  stät, 
11016  daz  er  des  lützel  sin  hat 
daz  er  wiche  von  in  dan.' 
alle  Guntheres  man 
huoben  schilde  in  henden. 
wer  möhte  daz  verenden  ? 
11021  si  körnen  in  den  herten  strit  : 
zesamene  brähten  sie  sit 
vierzehener  künege  hervanen. 
do  mohte  man  si  lihteerman* 

en 
daz  grimmer  strit  von  in  ge- 
schach, 
11026  da  iegelich  den  sinen  sach 
zuo  deme  er  was  gezalt. 
si  wćeren  junc  oder  alt, 
si  kämen  zuo  einander  gar  : 
so  döz  19  ez  über  al  die  schar, 
"031  sam   ez  nach   doners    blicke 
tuot. 
wie   dicke    sich    die    recken 

guot 
mit  siegen  underliefen ! 
genuoge  '  wo,  we  '  riefen  : 


die  andern  sprächen  '  näher 
dar'! 
11036  sich  heten  alle  die  schar 

gesamenet  da  daz  swert  lac  : 
vii  maneges  jungester  tac 
was  im  unz  dar  gespart, 
daz  velt  über  al  do  wart 
11041  geverwet  mit  dem  bluote  : 

da  stürben  helde  guote. 
lltt8«-707 

Günther  der  sprach  sint 
'der  Wien  wir  inder  drizic  hän.' 
dö    sprach    der    Hildegunde 

man, 
VValther  von  Spanjelant 
'  nu  bin  ich  eine  doch  genant 
11691  über  zehen  künege  riche  : 
ich  wil  iu  sicherliche 
bi  mir  zeigen  zweinzic  man 
die  lant   und  fürsten  namen 

hän.' 
Dö  sprach  der  herre  Sifrit 
11696  in  einem  höchvertigen  sit 
'  ich  boute  e  eine  gräfschaft, 
e  wir  des  wurden  lügehaft, 
vvirn  2°  gewunnen  sam  mane- 
gen  man. 
driu  künicriche  diu  ich  hän 
11701  müezen»'  werden  zwelf  her- 
zentuom, 
e  daz  si  hseten  den  ruom 
daz   wir  gestriten    möhten^^ 

niht. 
swaz  halt  anders  hie  geschiht, 
man  sol  uns  bi   einander  se- 
hen. 
"706  beert  wes»3  iu  die  andern  je- 
hen, 
die  ouch  fürsten  sint  genant.' 

Walth^r  der  wigant. 
der  sach  Rüedegeren  an  : 
do    sprach    der    Hildegunde 

man 
'  des  weiz  got  wol  die  wärheit. 


18  und.— 19  daz.— 20  wir.— 21  ez  müezen.— 22  mohten  gestaten.— 23 
waz. 


82 


WALTHER  OF  AQUITAINE. 


mir  ist  inniclichen  leit 
"927  daz  ich  dem  helde  gewegen 
bin. 
füert  er  nu  den  pris  hin, 
des  hän  ich  liitzel  ere  : 
slah  aber  ich  Rüedegere, 
so  hat  der  alte  friunt  min 
11932  übel  bestatet  den  sinen  win 
den  ich  ze  Bechelaren  tranc  : 
so  habe  diu  wile  undanc 
daz  des  spils  ie  wart  gedäht. 
sin  tugent  hat  mich  dar  zuo 
bräht 
11937  daz  ich  ofte  den  lip  min 

wägte  durch  den  willen  sin.' 

Walth^r  von  Spanjelant 
undeouch  Herbort  der  degen, 
mit  den  aller  meisten  siegen 
der    ie     gephlägen    küneges 

kint, 
da  mit  si  von  der  porten  sint 

12205  drungen  Dietrichen 

daz  er  in  muoste  entwichen. 

12285-7 

Walthor  von  Spanjelant 
der  truocWasgen  an  der  hant, 
der  kam  dar  gesprungen. 

12ß47-5S 

D6  sprach  der  guote  Rüede- 

g^r 
'  ob  ir,  küniginne  h^r, 
mich  überhüebet  der  schäm, 
mich  hat  gemachet  im24    so 
zam 


der  degen  üz  Spanjelant : 

"652  haet  ir  hie  twalm  an  der  hant, 
den  trunke  ich,  unde  gebüte 

er  daz. 
ez  was  not  daz  äne  haz 
uns  der  wirt  so  hat  gelabet, 
mich  hat  also  ze  hüse  gehabet 

12657  derschcenenHildegundeman 
dazichsvergezzen  nienekan.' 

12801-17 

D()  sprachdiu  schoeneHilde- 
gunt 
'  vviste  wir  nu  hie  zestunt 
waz  wir  Rüedegsre 
möhten  bieten  ere 
nach  friuntlicher  minne, 

12806  er  und  diu  marcgrävinne 

hant  uns  so  dicke  liep  getan, 
wir   künden   night  so  guotes 

hän 
wir    enteilten    ez    im     gerne 

mite.' 
dö  sprach  er  '  frouwe,  des  ich 
bite, 

12811  des  gewaert  mich, vii  edel  wip. 
swie  mir  verhouwen  si  der  lip 
von  des  küenen  recken  hant, 
so  wil  ich  von  iu  beiden  sant 
in  friuntschefte  urloup  hän.' 

12816  do  sprach  Hildegunde  man 
'got  phlege  iuwer,Rüedegsr.' 

I2»{t8-130OO 

do  kam  für  den  künec  gegän 
Walthćr  und  frou  Hildegunt : 
urloup  si  nämen  an  der  stunt. 


24  m. 


IX. 
ALPHARTS  TOD.* 

77.1-3  T^A  saz  Amelolt  und  Nerę,  die  zwene  küene  man, 
-*-^  Walther  von  Kerlingen,  Helmnót  von  Tuscan, 
als  der  vogt  von  Amelungen,      si  hete  üz  erkorn. 

307  Walther  von  Kerlingen      in  engegene  gie, 

da  man  die  recken      harte  wol  enphie, 
und  Hüc  von  Tenemarke,      ein  üz  erweiter  degen. 
vünf hundert   buremanne         enphie'    die   recken    üz 
erwegen. 

317.  1-2     Do  sprach  von  Kerlingen      Walther  der  degen 

'  hilfe  ich    im,  des^   keisers  hulde         hän  ich   mich 
erwegen.' 

334.  1-2     Do  sprach  von  Kerlingen      Walther  der  degen, 

'  ich  und  der  münich  Ilsam     wein  schiltwahte  phlegen.* 

356.  3-4     Walther  von  Kerlingen       und  der  müenech  Ilsam 
die  komen  mit  gewalte      anderhalben  hin  dan. 

372-373       Do  streit  vermezzentlichen      Walther  der  degen. 
sin  swert  hört  man  erclingen.      do  vaht  er  so  eben 
und  streit  ouch  gar  sere      äne  allen  wane, 
mit  libe  und  mit  guote      seite  mans  im  sider  danc. 
Daz  tete  der  vogt  von  Berne,      der  küene  wigant. 

Walther  von  Kerlingen      vuorte  an  siner  hant 
ein  swert  daz  in  dem  stürme       als  ein  glocke  erdoz. 
Waltheres  eilen  3      was  üzermäzen  gróz. 
380.  4        do  tete  wol  daz  beste  Walth^r  und  Hüc  von  Tenemarc. 

400  '  Wis  got  wilkomen,  Hildebrant,      lieber  meister  min. 

und  der  herzöge  Nitger,      der  sol  min  oheim  sin : 

*  From  the  text  of '  Deutsches  Heldenbuch  '  (ii  Theil,  E.  Martin,  Berlin,  iS66). 

I  entphingen. — 2  dün  ich  jm  no  holffe  des. — 3  elende. 


84  tVA  L  TH  ER  OF  AQU  ITA  INE. 

Walther  von  Kerlingen      und  Hüc  der  küene  man, 
dar  nach  die  recken  alle,      die  ich  niht  genennen  kan. 

426  Do  sprach  von  Kerlingen      Walther  der  degen 

'  ich  wil  des  vorstrites      noch  hiute  hie  phlegen 
durch  h^rn  Dietriches  willen,      des  vürsten,  sä  ze  hant. 
ich  tuon  ez  wol  mit  eren  :      ich  bin  geborn  üz  Diutsch- 
lant.' 

434  Walther  von  Kerlingen      und  Hüc  von  Tenemarc, 

die  zw^ne  ritter  junge,      ez  wären  helde  starc : 
si  hiewen  durch  die  ringe      daz  vliezende  bluot, 
ez  lac  von  ir  handen      manic  ritter  guot. 

448  Walth^r  von  Kerlingen       und  Hüc  von  Tenemarc, 

die  zwene  ritter  junge  (ez  wären  helde  starc), 
Hildebrant  der  aide  und  der  münic  Ilsam, 
die  kerten  alle  viere  gein  den  zwein  küenen  man. 


X. 

DER   GRÓZE   RÓSENGARTE.* 

32-33     1"^^^  zehende  heizet  Walther  von  dem  Wasgen- 
^^     stein, 
er  isi  an  dem  Rine  der  küensten  Fürsten  ein. 

235-36     der  zehende  daz  ist  Walther  von  dem  Wasgenstein, 
er  ist  an  dam  Rine  der  küensten  recken  ein. 

407-14     '  Noch  weiz  ich  einen  vor  dem  ich'  sorge  hän, 

wer  sol  uns  in  den  rosen  den  zwelften  helt  bestän  ? 
der  ist  geheizen  Walther  von  dem  Wasgenstein, 
und  ist  an  dem  Rine  der  küensten  recken  ein.' 
'  Dem  ich  sinen  kempen,  weizgot,  niht  finden  kan, 

412  ez  si  dan  Dietleip  von  Stire,  der  ist  ein  starker  man. 

hulf  uns  der  junge  herzöge,  vii  lieber  herre  min, 
so  möhten  wir  mit  freuden  wol  riten  an  den  Rin.' 

1402-57     Do  sprach  der  küneg  Gibech  '  waz  sal  nü  min  leben, 
daz  ich  unser  keime  den  pris  al  hie  mag  geben  ! 
wan  ich  weiz  einen  recken,  der  ist  ein  starker  man, 
der  mag  uns  wol  gerechen,  als  ich  gesagen  kan.' 
Do  sprach  der  küneg  Gibeche  '  nu  rieh  mich,  edeler 
Walther, 

1407  ein  herre  von  Wasgensteine,  setze  dich  ze  wer.' 

'vii  gerne',  sprach  do  Walther,  einen  buckelaere  nam 

er  in  die  hant 
mit  vii  zornegem  muote,  sin  güete  im  gar  verswant. 
Hiltebrant  hielt  bi  dem  ringe,  do  rief  er  al  zehant 
'  wä  bistu  nü,  Dietleip,  ein  herre  von  Stirer  lant '  ? 

141 2  er  hielt  bi  küneg  Etzel  under  einer  banier  rot : 

daz  fuorte  der  von  Stire  als  im  diu  schult  gebot. 


*The  passages  from  'Der  Gröze  Rösengarte '  are  reprinted  from  W.  Grimm's  edition 
(1836).  The  variant  passages  from  the  "  Rosengarten  Fragments  "  are  taken  from  the  texts 
published  by  Bartsch  in  Germania  (No.  i,  from  '  Der  Rösengarte,'  Germania  iv,  1-33;  No. 
a,  from  "  Bruchstücke  aus  dem  Rosengarten,"  Germania  viii,  196-208). 

I  sich  C. 


86  WALTHER  OF  AQUITAINE. 

'  Ich  wil  mit  ime  striten,'  sprach  der  junge  man, 
'swie  er  bi  sinen  ziten  so  vii  grozer  dinge  habe  getan.' 
Des  danket  ime  der  von  Berne  und  er  Hiltebrant. 

1417  den  schilt  begund  er  fazzen,  den  heim  er  üf  gebant: 

er  sprang  in  den  garten,  als  wir  ez  hän  vernomen : 
wol  gar  schierere  Walther  was  gegen  ime  komen. 
D6  sprach  der  von  Wasgenstein,   '  bistu  Bitterolfes 

barn? 
wer  hat  dich  ze  strite  her  gein  mir  erkom  ? 

1422  du  bist  niht  gewahsen  noch  zuo  einem  man : 

wie  wiltu  eime  recken  mit  strite  vor  gestän  '  ? 
'  Des  breng  ich  iuch  wol  innen,'  sprach  der  junge  man, 
'  nu  schonet  mines  libes  niht,  so  tuon  ich  iu  daz  sam.' 
Er  sprach  'guotiu  triuwe  an  toren  lützel  helfen  kan/ 

1427  do  Sprüngen  si  ze  samen  die  mortgrimmegen  man, 

sie  striten  mit  ein  ander,  als  ich  iu  sagen  wil : 
manheit  unde  sterke  sie  beide  häten  vii. 
Ir  heim  und  ire  brünne  do  liezen  iren  schin, 
dar  durch  ran  ir  beider  bluot,  des  lachte  diu  künegin. 

1432  ir  goltvaren  Schilden  schrieten  sie  von  der  hant, 

daz  sie  mit  kleinen  stücken  von  in  stuben  üf  daz  lant. 
sie  liezen  von  irme  schirmen  die  zwene  küenen  man  : 
heim  und  ouch  ir  schilde  zerhiuwen  sie  üf  den  plan. 
Do  sprach  meister  Hiltebrant  '  sehent  ir,  frou  künegin, 

1437  ^^^  <iise  recken  striten?  ez  muoz  ir  ende  sin. 

ir  einer  mag  dem  andern  niht  gesigen  an : 
sie  slahent  tiefe  wunden  :  von  schirmen  hänt  sie  gelän.' 
Do  sprach  diu  küneginne  '  nu  sage  mir,  du  wiser  man, 
wie  sal  ich  sie  nu  scheiden  die  recken  lobesan  ? 

1442  '  jehent  in  siges  beiden,  wol  edele  künegin, 

unt  gebent  ir  ieglichem  ein  rosen  krenzelin.' 
Krimhilt  diu  küneginne  langer  do  niht  beitete, 
mit  zwein  krenzelinen  sie  sich  do  bereitete, 
sie  sprach  '  ir  beide  habent  danc,  ir  sit  zwśn  biderman, 

1447  ir  hänt  in  den  rosen  daz  beste  beide  wol  getan, 

nu  länt  von  iuwerme  strite,  ir  sulnt  gesellen  sin, 
so  geben  ich  iuwer  ieglichem  ein  rosen  krenzelin.' 
Sie  bunden  abe  die  helme,  unt  nigen  der  künegin, 
üf  saste  sie  ir  ieglichem  ein  rosen  krenzelin : 

1452  ein  helsen  und  ein  küssen  gab  sie  do  ie  dem  man. 


u  'A  L  TH  ER  OF  A  Q  U I  TA  INE.  87 

do  wurden  eitgesellen  die  stolzen  recken  wol  getan. 
Do  sprach  der  von  Berne,  '  ir  hänt  beide  wol  gestriten 
in  deme  rosengarten  nach  ritterlichen  siten. 
der  anger  ist  bekleidet  mit  iuwer  beider  bluot : 
1457  Krimhilt  diu  küneginne  ist  vii  diu  baz  gemuot.' 


ROSENGATEN    FRAGMENTS. 
1. 

65      p^AZ  virde  daz  ist  Hagene,      Alriänis  kint, 

^^     daz  vunfte  daz  ist  Walther,      geborn  von  Kerlinc. 

290     Orlob  nam  do  Hildebrant  umm  einen  mitten  tac, 

her  gächt  zum  rosingarten  da  manic  recke  lac. 

do  enphingen  in  Walther  [und]  Sifrit  von  Niderlant, 
do  enphingens  in  gemeine,      den  alden  Hiltebrant. 


625     Do  sprach  der  konic  Gibeche      '  dir  si  gecleit,  Walther. 
und  beite  hi  niht  lenger      und  richte  dich  zu  wer.' 

Walther  drabt  in  den  garten 

'  wä  ist  nü  von  Berne      der  aide  Hildebrant  ? 
Wer  sal  mit  mir  vechten?      der  ist  mir  unbekant.' 

630     [mit]  '  Hertinc  von  Rüzen,      den  ich  üch  habe  genant.' 
Hertinc  der  küne      drabete  vast  dort  her, 
her  fürte  an  siner  hende      ein  armdickez  sper. 
Her  dächt  '  nü  sal  ich  vechtens      hüte  werden  sat,' 
her  fürte  üf  sime  helme       von  golde  ein  michel  rat. 

635     ir  striten  wart  michel      und  starc  .... 
daz  ir  iclicher      mit  den  roasen  belac. 
Do  di  forsten  üf  sprungen      zusamen  in  daz  gras, 
mich  wundert  daz  ir  keiner      vorm  andern  ie  genas. 
si  striten  mit  beides  banden,     di  swert  si  hoch  zogen, 

640     daz  des  füres  flammen      kein  den  lüften  flogen. 
Si  slügen  durch  di  schilde,    daz  iz  lüte  irclanc 
und  daz  si  beide  striten      mit  ellenthafter  haut, 
si  vächten  mit  ein  ander      ein  vii  lange  stunt, 
daz  si  zu  beiden  siten      worden  s^re  wunt, 

645     Ir  kein  konde  dem  andern      mit  strite  ane  gesegen, 


WA L THER  OF  AQUITA INE. 

si  hatten  sich  mit  strite      also  sere  irwegen : 

üf  stünt  di  schone  Krimhilt      und  sohlt  di  zwene  man. 

do  müste  ir  iclicher      von  der  heide  zu  sim  fründe  dan. 


2. 

(i^)  T^ER  eine  schilt  vii  richer         den  der  ander  was. 

^-^     von  edelme  gesteine         swas  man  dar  ane  vant, 
di  wem  al  um  und  umme         geleit  üf  des  Schildes  rant. 

Walter  sprach  zu  Witgen        '  nu  nim  du  einen  schilt 
5  under  disen  beidin         swelhin  so  du  wilt.' 

'  vorslüg  ich  daz '  sprach  Witige,  '  des  mohtich  mich 

Schemen, 
nemt  ir  den  armen,         ich  wil  den  riehen  nemen.' 

Sich  hüb  ein  nüwez  vechtin,      di  schilde  gar  zuclobin 
die  steine  gein  dem  vrouwen     hoch  in  di  venster  stobin. 
lo  Walter  der  stunt  ebene       Witige  wart  gewunt : 

ir  hende  slüc  zusamene        di  schone  Hiltegunt. 


99 


'  Waz  sal  des da  ni 

Wal(ter) .  .  .  . 


15  (i^)  und  habt  üch  deste  baz.' 

'  Wi  lobis '         sprach  her  Diterich. 

Witige  sprach  '  min  vechtin         ist  gein  im  ungelich. 
ichn  rite  nimmer  m^re         nach  rosin  in  diz  lant.' 

94-101     '  waz  ist  üch,  here  müter         sprach  ver  Cremilt. 

dar  umme  hiz  ich  her  kumen      vii  mangen  nüwen  schilt. 

Daz  ich  wolde  schouwen       wer  vrowen  dinen  kan. 
dar  um  hän  ich  gesamnet         vii  mangen  werden  man.' 
'  diz  müz  sin,'  sprach  Walter,         '  man  rate  vorbaz. 
si  müzenz  baz  vorsüchin,         vor  war  so  wizzet  daz. 


'  Wer  sal  mit  Ectwart  vechtin  ?       der  schaffe  sinen  rät. 
er  wil  zum  ^rstin  vechtin,         her  mir  enboten  hat.' 


I 

I 

I 


r^     Of  THi        ^ 
UNIVERSITY 

ADDITION  TO  PAGE  88. 


3. 

lb 

Hie  klagt  Gi  Kunig  Gibich  gegen 
Graf  Walhther  von  Waxenstein 


17-1 14     Ach  gott  was  soil  Ich  heben  an, 

Meiner  fursten  mag  kayner  bestan, 
Ich  ways  noch  ein  rysen, 

20  Der  wierdt  den  streydt  nit  Verliesen, 

Er  Hess  sy  (/.  sich)  nie  erschreckchen, 
Waltherr  ein  gefurster  graff  ob  allen  rekgen, 
Vnd  ein  lanndtherr  zw  waxenstain, 
Eer  furcht  weder  gros  noch  klain, 

25  Walltherr  Richstw  mier  mein  hertznla\-dt. 

Ich  gib  dier  ein  kunigin  hochgemaydt. 
Zw  ainem  weyb  mach  ich  dierr  vnntertan. 
Die  allerpest  als  Ich  sy  Inn  meynem  Reich  han. 
Kunig  gibich  Graff  Wallther  von  Waxenstain 

( /////  t/ew  scepter  in  der  linken  hand )    {trigł  als  riese  eine  stange  in  der  rechten) 

II 

Anntwort  Walltherr  von  Waxenstain 
Kunig  Gibich  Hinnwider 
Genedigster   kunig,  Ich    habs  Ewern    khunigklichen 
\  genaden  vor  gesagt, 

30  Da  maynt  ewr  gnad  Ich  war  vertzagt, 

Ich  habs  nit  darumben  than, 
Gern  will  ich  den  meyn  bestan, 
Hiett  man  geuolgt  dem  Ratt  meyn, 
Vnd  hiett  nit  der  khunigein, 
35  Yern  muetwillen  gelan, 

Das  war  weyslicher  getan 

♦Reprinted  from  Zeitschrift  ii,  243-7  >  55*- 


k 


2  WALTHER  OF  AQUITAINE. 

Annder  leytt  haben  auch  khraft, 

Vnnser  grosse  hochfardt  macht  vns  vnsighaft, 

Vnnd  die  Verachtung  die  wier  treyben, 

40  Ladt  gott  vngerochen  nit  beleyben, 

Nw  habt  yer  offt  gehordt, 
Wie  Troya  wardt  Erstordt, 
Von  wegen  hochfardt  vnd  des  vbermuett, 
Der  thuet  hewt  noch  nymermer  guet, 

45  Doch  Es  ist  geschehen, 

Mann  soll  daz  best  dartzw  yehen, 
Herrn  yer  sollt  vnnerschrökhen  sein, 
Ich  thue  ewch  die  hilffe  mein. 

Hie  manndt  Hillibrant  der  maister 
Hertzog  Dietlieb  von  Stey[r] 

Hertzog  Dietlieb  von  Steyr  nw  wolher, 
50  Vernembt  mich  lieber  herr. 

Ich  bitt  ewch  yer  weit  bestan 

Graff  Wallther  den  grossen  man, 

Gar  hart  thuet  er  warten. 

Hie  zu  disem  Rosenn  Garten, 
55  Sein  hertz  Ist  zornes  vol, 

Herr  Diettlieb  Nw  thuet  allso, 

Wie  Ich  ewch  gelernnt  hann. 

So  mag  ewch  nyemandt  widerstan, 

Anntwurt  Herrtzog  dietliep  von  Steyr 
dem  Berrner  vnnd  Hilliprant  wider 

Herr  jer  dorfft  mich  nit  bitten, 
60  Ich  bin  doch  darumb  her  gerytten. 

Das  Ich  manndlich  wel  streytten, 
Wie  wol  walltherr  bey  seynen  zeytten. 
Gross  Sachen  hatt  getan, 
Darumb  will  Ich  Inn  gern  bestan, 
65  Daran  wag  Ich  meinen  leyb. 

Von  wegen  aller  schöner  weyb. 
Ach  zw  geuallen  dem  allerliebsten  püelen  mein, 
Mues  es  manndlichen  gefochten  sein, 
Wol  herr  gesell,  vnd  wer  dich  mein, 
70  Alls  lieb  dier  dein  leben  mag  sein. 


I 


IVA  L  TH  ER  OF  AQl  V  TA  IXE.  i 

Dann  d\v  muest  mich  j^ewern, 
Gar  paid  will  dier  scheern, 

IP 
Hertzot^  Dietlieb  Gratif  Wallthcr 

von  Steyr 

Krimhilt 

(gibt  jedem  einen  rostu kränz) 

Hie  Schaidt  Kunigin  Krimhillt  die 
zwen  fursten.  vnd  gibt  yedeni  ein  cranntz 

Hört  Auff  yer  zwen  fursten  guet, 

Es  bryngt  mier  grossen  vnnmwt, 
75  Es  gylt  auch  Ewr  payder  leben, 

Ich  bitt  ewch  yer  wellt  fry  dt  geben, 

Ich  gib  ewch  bay  den  gewunnen, 

Kainer  Ist  dem  anndern  enntrunnen, 

Yer  seydt  bayd  zwen  Redlich  Man, 
80  Inn  dem  garten  habt  yer  das  pest  getan, 

Mein  Cränntzelein  tayl  Ich  ewch  mit 

Durch  gott  nw  habt  frydt. 

ni 

(rraff  Wallther  Kunig  Gibich  Graft"  Völkhher 

(auf  dän  Schild  mit  der      {mit  dem  reichsapfel  und  VOn  Altzcn 

rechten  gestitzt)  scepter  in  den  händen)  {mit  der  Stange  in  der 

rechten ) 

Hiedannkht  Kunnig  Gibich  dem 
Fursten  von  Waxestain 

Hab  ymmer  dannkht  dw  Edler  fürst  von  Waxenstain. 

Mit  ganntzen  treuen  Ich  dich  mayn, 
85  Das  best  lanndt  das  ich  han, 

Will  Ich  dier  mächen  vnntertan. 

Wann  dw  hast  manndlich  gestrytten 

Vnd  wass  dw  mich  thuest  bitten, 

Das  soUdtw  gewert  seyn, 
90  Von  mier  vnnd  der  khunigeyn, 

III^ 
Hie  dannkht  der  von  Waxenstain 
dem  kunig  Seinner  gab 
Gott  dannkh  ewrn  khunigklichen  Mayestat, 


4  WALTHER  OF  AQUITAINE. 

*      Das  mier  ewr  gnad  geben  hat, 
Ich  hab  mein  bestzs  hie  getan, 
Vnnd  wills  ewr  khunigklich  gnad  han, 
95  So  will  Ich  noch  mit  ainem  schlahen. 

Gar  klain  acht  Ich  den  schaden, 
Der  mir  von  yen  möcht  gesehen, 
Dann  gern  wolt  Ich  Rechen, 
Die  fursten  die  hie  erschlagen  sein, 
loo  Sy  rewen  mich  In  dem  herrtzen  mein, 

Anntwort  Kunnig  Gibich  dem 
Fursten  vonn  Waxenstain 

Nayn  dw  fürst  lobysan, 
Dw  hast  deinen  Ern  genueg  tan, 
Dw  soldt  deiner  Rue  phlegen. 
Ich  ways  ainen  Risen  verwegen, 

105  Das  jst  ain  starker  furste  herr, 

Mit  namen  grafif  Völkherr, 
Layd  mag  er  vnns  wol  Ergetzen, 
Denn  wil  ich  ann  sy  hetzen. 
Er  hat  erschlagen  manichen  man, 

110  Wolherr  Graff  lobysan, 

Nw  gedennkh  an  den  buelen  dein, 
Vnnd  thue  mier  hilffee  scheyn, 
Gar  fürstlich  wille  ich  dich  begaben. 
Des  solldtw  kainen  zweyffel  haben. 


4:. 

617-18       Wer  bestat  mir  Walth''  ein  helt  vo  Kerling  genant 
Den  bestat  Hartnit  ein  kug  vfser  rüfsen  lant. 


I 


5902-3 


XI. 
DIETRICHS   FLUCHT.* 

T  U  kumet  von  Lengers  Walther 
^     und  Hagen  der  vii  starke, 


7359~64         her  Gotel  und  her  Helphrich, 
Walther  der  ellens  rieh, 
si  sint  reht  alle  wol  gesunt.' 
'  saelic  müeze  sin  din  munt ' ! 
sprach  vrou  Helch  diu  guote 
mit  tugentlichem  muote. 

8589-8602     Hie  bi  im  beleip  her  Paltram, 
Nuodunc  unde  Sintram, 
Irinc  unde  Bloedelin, 
Helphrich  unde  Erewin, 
und  Hornboge  von  Polän, . 

8594  her  Isült  und  her  Imiän, 

Hünolt  unde  Sigebant, 
Walther  der  wigant, 
Gotel  der  marcman, 
von  Ostervranken  Herman, 

8599  Dancwart  unde  Hagene, 

von  den '  wol  zimt  ze  sagene, 
si  wären  zwene  degene 
in  strite  vii  bewegene. 

8629-64         daz  was  der  starke  Liudegast, 
dem  an  sterke  niht  gebrast, 
und  Liudeger  der  unverzagt, 
von  dem  man  groze  manheit  sagt, 
da  was  Rümolt  der  starke 

8634  und  Diezolt  von  Tenemarke, 


*From  the  text  of 'Deutsches  Heldenbuch'  (ii  Theil,  E.  Martin,  Berlin.  iS66). 

I  dem,  A. 


QO  WALTHER  OF  AQUITAINE. 

von  Norwaege  Hiuzolt, 

von  Gruonlande  Diepolt, 

Fridunc  von  Zaeringen, 

Walther  von  Kerlingen,^ 
8639  Sturmger  von  Engellant, 

Sigemär  von  Bräbant, 

Tüsunc  von  Normandie 

und  siner  bruoder  drie, 

Marchunc  von  Hessen, 
8644  die  ouch  ze  strite  wol  wessen, 

und  von  den  Bergen  Ladiner,3 

der  hete  da  ein  starkez  her, 

Rämunc  von  Islande,4 

des  eilen  man  wol  bekande, 
8649  Morolt  von  Arles 

und  sin  bruoder  Karle  ^ 

(den  guoten  Karle  mein  ich  niht, 

von  dem  man  saget  manec  geschiht) 

Gunthere  von  Rine, 
8654  Gernot  der  bruoder  sine, 

Tivvalt  von  Westeväle, 

Marholt  von  Gurnewäle, 

von  Dietmarse  Morunc,? 

der  manheit  ein  ursprunc : 
8659  Heime  und  Witegouwe, 

als  ich  der  maere  getrouwe, 

Witege  und  Witegisen. 

noch  wil  ich  iuch  bewisen, 

Madelolt  unde  Madelger 
8664  daz  wären  zwene  recken  her, 

9244-7  von  Lengers  ^  Walther 

der  bestuont  den  starken  Hiuzolt. 

si  arnten  9   also  daz  golt, 

daz  ez  si  sure  muoste  an  komen. 

9870  Walther  unde  Erewin. 

2  Baltheir  von  Chedingen,  A. — 3  Ladimer,  W. — 4  unnd  Yslande,  A. 
— 5  Albarie,  W. — 6  Barle,  A. — 7  Maysunck,  A.— 8  Lennges,  A.— 9 
ordneten,  A. 


XII. 
RABENSCHLACHT.* 

47-48     TAT'ALTHER  der  Lengesaere' 
*  *       sprach  do  al  zehant 
'  d^swär,^  her  Bernaere, 
und  waeren  naher  miniu  lant, 
ich  braehte  iu  helde  guote. 
die  hülfen  iu  mit  unverzagtem  muote. 
48     Doch  wil  ich  daz  niht  läzen, 
ich  welle  mit  iu  dar. 
ob  ez  iu  kumt  ze  mazen, 
so  geleiste  ich  noch  wol,  daz  ist  war, 
aht  hundert  werder  recken, 
ja  helfent  iu  vii  gerne  die  kecken.' 

551-574     Hinevür  trat  mit  gewalde 
her  Walther  zehant. 
der  küene  und  der  balde 
sprach  wider  den  künec  von  Rcemisch  lant 
'  vii  edeler  Bernaere, 
du  solt  euch  hoeren  miniu  maere. 

552  Vrou  Helche  diu  milde 
hat  dir  gesendet  her 
vümfzec  tüsent  schilde, 

(ich  waen  aber  wol,  ir  si  mer) 
und  als  manic  ors  verdecket. 
Ermrich  wirt  mit  riuwen  erwecket. 

553  Der  houbetman  sol  ich  sin, 
si  wartent  miner  hant. 
Etzel  der  herre  min 

hat  den  vanen  her  gesant, 

der  ze  Hiunisch  lant  gehoeret. 

die  vinde  werdent  noch  hiute  gestceret 


*From  the  text  of 'Deutsches  Heldenbuch'  (ü  Theil,  E.  Martin,  Berlin,  1866). 

I  Lennges  here,  A, — 2  deswas,  A. 


92  WALTHER  OF  AQUITAINE. 

554     Mit  jämer  und  mit  leide, 

dazz  muoter  kint  beweinen  muoz. 

noch  hiute  üf  dirre  beide 

mache  wir  lebens  mit  tode  buoz 

und  manegen  satel  laere.' 

'  daz  vüege  got ! '  sprach  der  Bernaere. 

7 1 2     Nu  hoeret  starkiu  maere, 
die  ich  iu  tuon  bekant. 
Walther  der  Lengesaere 
der  bestuont  mit  ellens  hant 
Heimen  3  den  vii  starken, 
si  säzen  bede  üf  zwein  guoten  marken. 

3  Hevnen,  R. 


XIII. 

THIDHREKSAGA  OR  WILKIXASAGA.* 

P.  Ch.  84.     U.  Ch.  241. 

Ą  TTILA  konungr  af  Susa  var  baerJi  rikr  [oc  feolinennr.'  oc 
"^^  vann  morg  riki.  Hann  leggr  vingan  vi/J  Erminrik  kon- 
ung.  er  />a  ^  re^  Puli,  ^essir  .ii.  konungar  leggia  vingan  sin  a 
maerJal.  sua  at  Attila  konungr  sendir  Erminrik  konung(i)  sinn 
fraenda  Osi3^  me^  .xii.  riddara.  Erminrik(r)  konungr  sendir  i 
gegn3  Valltara  af  Uaskasteini  sinn  systurson  me^  ..xii.  riddoruni. 
pa.  var  Valltari  .xii.-*  uetra.s  ^ar  dualdiz  hann  .vii.  uetr.  Tveim 
uetrum  sia^arr  kom  par.  [en  Valtari  com  til  Susa.^  Hilldigundr  7 
dottir  Jlias  iarls  af  Greca.  oc  var  send  at  gisling  Attila 
konungi.  pa  var  hon  .vii.  ^  vetra  gomul.  [/»essir  enir  ungu 
menn9  unnuz  mikit.  oc  veit  pat  po  aeigi  Attila  konungr. 

P.  85.     U.  242 

pat  er  .i.  dag  at  veizla  rik  er  i  grasgar^i '°  Attila  konungs  oc 
[danz  rikr."  oc  pa  hellt  Valltari  i  hond  Hilldigundi.  pau  talaz 
\id  marga  luti.  oc  ^at  grunar  aengi  mai^r.  Nu  maellti  Valltari. 
Hve  lengi  skalltu  vera  ambatt  [Erca  drottningar.'^  oc  vaeri  baetr 
fallit.  attu  foerir  heim  med  oss  til  minna'3  fraenda.  Hon  mrellti 
Herra  aeigi  skalltu  spotta  mic. /jo  at  ec  se  aeigi  hia'^  minum 
fraendum.  Nu  suarar  Valltari.  Fru.  pu  ertt  dottir  Jlias  iarls  [af 
Greca.  oc  pinn  er  fau^rurbrorTir  Osangtrix  konungrVillcinamanna 
oc  annar  i  mikcla  Ruzi.'s  en  ec  em  systurson  ^rminrix  konungs 
af  Romaborg,  oc  annar  er  minn  fraendi  /?i^recr  konungr  af  Bern, 
oc  hvi  skal  ec  /^iona  Attila  konungi.     Ger  sua  uel.  far  heim  me-t 

*  In  this  reprint  from  Unger's  text  of  the  Thidreksaga  (Saga  Didrik  Konungs  af  Bern 
1853)  variants  are  given  below  the  text.  The  abbreviations  MSS.  and  the  [  have  been 
retained  as  employed  by  Unger.  In  the  numbering  of  chapters  P.  refers  to  Peringskiold 
(whose  designation  is  followed  by  v.  d.  Hagens  translation)  and  U.  to  Unger. 

I  [af  fiolmenni,  A. — 2  i  pann  tima,  A,  B. — 3  Attila  konungi  ad(f.  A. 
B.— 4cf.  A,  B;  .iiii.,  Mmb.— 5  gamall  add.  A,  B.— 6  [av?«/.  A,  B,— 7 
Hilldigunn,  A.— 8  .xii.,  A.— 9  /jauValltari,  A.— 10  gar^i,  A.— n  [danz- 
hringr,  A,  B.— 12  [Attila  konungs,  B.— 13  varra,  A,  B.— 14  nie^,  A. 
B.— 15  [want  A,  B. 


94  WALTHER  OF  AQUITAINE. 

mer.  oc  ^^  sem  ec  em  pc.x  hollr.  sua  se  %\xd  mer  hollr.  /ja  suarar 
hon.  /?aegar  ec  ueit  />inn  viliaat  soennu.  /ja  skalltu  oc  vita  [mic 
oc '7  minn  uilia.  [/ja  var  ec  .iiii.  uetra  gomul.  er  ec  sa  /jic  et 
fyrsta  sinni.  oc  unna  ec  p&c  p3tga.r  sua  mikit  at  oengum  lut  i  ver- 
olldu  ^^  meira  '9  oc  fara  vii  ec  me,?  per  /jangat  er  pu  villt.  pa. 
suarar  Valltari.  Ef  sua  er  sem  pu  saegir.  pa.  kom  pu  a  morgin  er 
sol  rennr  vpp  til  ens  yzta  borgarlirJs.  oc  haf  sua  mikit  gull  me3" 
per.  sem  pu  mat  mest  bera  a^°  annarri  henndi  pinni.  firir /jui  at 
/ju  ueiz  allar  fehirzlur  Erka  drottningar  fraenkonu  /jinnar.  Oc  hon 
saegir  sua  vera  skulu.  Oc  nu  verg'r  Attila  konungr  aecki  varr  vir? 
petta.  ra?.  fyrr  en  Valltari  haeuir  ut  rigfit  af  Susam.  oc  me3^  honum 
Hilldigundr.  oc  hofni  nu  mikit  fe  i  gulli.^^  Oc  .ii.  ri^^u "-  ut  af 
borginni  oc  [aengi  var  /jeirra  sua  gor^r  vinr.  at  /jau  try(ti  til 
/jessa  at  vita  sina  fser^.^'s 

P.  86.     U.  243. 

Oc  nu  ver(tr  vi?  varr^^  Attilla  konungr.  at  Valltari  er  brot 
ri?inn  oc  Hilldigundr.  oc  nu  bi^Tr  hann  sina  menn  .xii.  rir?a  septir 
pe'uw  [Hilldigundi  oc  Valltara  oc  skulut^s  aptr  haua  fe  /?at  allt  er 
brot  er  tecit.  oc  sua  hofu3^^^  Valltara.  Oc  af  /jessum  ^7  var  .i. 
maST  Haugni.  son  Alldrian  konungs.  Oc  nu  riSfa  /jessir  .xii  rid- 
darar  septir  peim  skyndilega.^^  oc  sea  nu  huarir  annarra  reii?.  Nu 
loeypr  Valltari  af  sinum  h^esti  merf  mikilli  [kurteisi  oc  rceysti.  oc 
tekr  ofan  sina  fru  Hilldigundi  oc  /jeirra  gersimar.  Nu  Iceypr 
hann  a  sinn  hest  [oc  setr  sinn  hialm  a  hoefu^  ser.  oc  snyr  fram 
sinum  gladil.^9  Nu  maellti  Hilldigundr  [vi3"  sinn  soeta  3°  lafarj.3' 
Herra  harmr  er  /jat.  er  pv.  skallt  .i.  beriaz  vi^  .xii.  riddara.  Ri3" 
hseldr  aptr  32  oc  for3^a33  /?inu  liui.  Fru  saegir  hann.  grat  aeigi.  set 
haevi  ecfyrr  hialma  klofna.  skiolldu  skipta.34  bryniursundra;?ar.33 
oc  menn  stoeypaz  af  sinum  haestum  haufuS^lausa.  [oc  allt  petta. 
haeui  ec  gort  minni  hendi.36  oc  aecki  er  mer  petta  ofrefli.37  Oc 
nv  rijr  hann  i  moti  pe'im.  Ver3'r  nv  mikill  3^  bardagi.  oc  f}-rr  er 
myrct  af  nott  en  lokit  se  viginu. 

16  sua  add.  A,  B. — 17  [want.  A.  B. — i8ann  ek  add.  B. — 19  [at/>egar 
fyrsta  tima  er  ek  sa /jik  .iiii.  vetra  gomul.  unna  ek  per,  A. — 20  i,  B; 
wa7it.  A. — 21  ok  oS^ru  add.  B. — 22  /jau  add.  A,  B. — 23  [engum  truS^u 
/jau  her  til,  A. — 24  cf.  A,  B;  varar,  Mmb. — 25  skulu  pe\r,  A,  B. — 26 
cf.  A,  B;  hafit,  Mmb.— 27  .xii.  add.  A,  B.— 28  sem  hvatligast,  B.— 29 
sinu  gladieli,  B  ;  [vel  herklaeddr,  A. — 30  liufa,  B. — 31  [zua7ił.  A. — 32 
undan,  A,  B.— 33  hialp,  A;  hallt,  B.— 34  skyf^a.  A;  styf^a,  B.— 35 
sundrrifnar,  A  ;  rifnar,  B. — 36  [want.  A.  B. — 37  atheriaz  v\Ü  bessa  .xii. 
riddara  add.  A,  B. — 38  hinn  har3"asti,  A,  B. 


IFA  L  TH /CA'  OF  AQTITA  IXE. 


95 


P.  87.     U.  244. 

En  Valltari  er  nu  sarr  mioc.  oc  drepit  hievir  hann  nu  ..\i.  rid- 
dara.  en  Hoegni  komż  undan  [oc  komż  i  skog.  En  [Valltari 
hittir  nu  sina  fru.  oc  buaz  /?ar39  urn  vi-T  skoginn/"  Valltari  sher 
/-a  aelld  viJ  tinnu  oc  gerir  /^ar  [mikinn  a;lld.^'  oc  /^ar  vi^^  steikir 
hann  .i.  bceysti  villigalltar.  Oc  nu  mataz  /^au  si^an.  oc  [luka 
seigi  fyrr  en  alit  er-»^  albeinunum.  Nu  snyr  Hoegni  or  skoginum 
oc  [til  aellzens.tJ  er  Valltari  sat  hia.  oc  hyggr  at  hann  skal  drepa 
hann.  oc  bregctr  nu  suer^^i.  Hilldigun^r  maellti  til  Valltara. 
Vara  />ic.  her  ferr  nu  .i.  af  [/jinum  ovinum.  er  pn  bar^Jiz  vi^  i 
dag.-w  Oc  nu  tecr  hann  vpp  bceysti^  uilligalltarens.  er  af  uar 
etit.  oc  kastar  at  Hoegna.  oc  lystr  sua  mikit  hogg.  at  /^segar  fellr 
hann  til  iar^^ar.  oc  kom  a  hans  kinn.  sua  at  /^ffigar  rifna^ti  holl- 
dit'^s  oc  ut  sprac  augat.  Oc  nu  stendrt^  hann  upp  [skiott  afcetr 
oc  Iceypr  a  sinn  haest.  oc  ri^Jr  viT  />etta  helm  til  Susam  [oc  saegir 
Attila  konungi  vm  sina  fer3".  Valltari  stigrnu  a  bac.  oc  riżTa/jau 
sua^r  urn  feall  a  fund  yErminrix  konungs  [oc  saegir  honum  nu  allt 
af  sinum  fen^um.  Oc  po  fa /^eir  [Attila  konungrt?  halldit  sinu 
vinfengi  meS"-*^  fegiofum.  er  /Erminrikr  konungr  gaf  Attila 
konungi. 

P.  104.     U.  128. 

[Nv.  maelti  einn  riddari.  sa  het  Valtari  af  Vaskasteini.  hann  er 
systorsvnr  Erminrics  konungs  oc  /^etmars  oc  allra  kappa  mestri 
konungs  hir^r  at  afli  oc  atgorvi.'^s  Hvatkann  />essi  ma-^rfleiraat 
gera  [segir  Valtari.  en  ey<5^a  fe  e^Ja  eta  oc  drecca.  kanntv  noccot 
skapti  3°  skiota  e^a  steini  varpa.  /jetleifr  svarar.  /jat  vaenti  ec. 
at  ec  gera  hvartveggia  vi^  hvern  y^arn  er  viii,  /ja  sag^i  Valtari 
af  miklu  cappi.  /^a  scaltv /^essa  leika  vi^T  mic  fremia.  En  ef/jv 
leikr  betr.5'  ^a  scaltv  firir  ra^a  mino  hof^i.  en  ef />v  kant  eigi  5= 
sem  pv  Isetr.  /^a  scaltv  53  [at  visv  her  54  lata  \\{  pwx  me^  oscein/5^. 
oc  aldrigi  sr^an  scaltv  [ey^a  iammiclvfe  sem  nv  loga^ir  (/jv).  oc 
engvm  hof^ingia  si7an  gera  />vilica  neisv.  sem  nv  hevir  p\ 
konongenom   gort,   er  />at  segir  ma^^r  manni.  at  />in  veizla  var 


39  pzw.  A, — 40  Ijuant.Vi. — 41  [mikit  bal,  A, — 42  [a^r  letti  var  allt 
holld,  A,  B. — 43  [at  elldinum,  A. — 44  [af  p€\vn  er  p\\  laust  til  iar'Tar, 
A. — 45  luant.  A,  B. — 46  spratt,  A. — 47  [of.  B  ;  konungar,  A  ;  p\(5x. 
konungr,  jNImb. — 48  storum  add.  A,  B. — 49  [of.  B ;  /^a  tok  \'.  af.  V. 
sva  til  or(^z,  A. — 50  spiotskapti,  B.— 51  en  ec  ad.  B. — 52  /^essa  leika 
add.  B.— 53  cf.  Mmb.— 54  [ekki  i  (vi^  B)  dyliaz  at  p\\  skalt,  A,  B. 


96  WALTHER  OF  AQUITAINE. 

halv(u)  rikvlegar  veitt  at  allvm  Ivtvm  en  konongsens  sialfs.  oc  er 
slict  diorfvng  mikil  at  gera  manni  eigi  meira  firir  ser  en  mer 
syniz  pv  vera,  /jetleifrss  svara^i.  Miskvnnar  mvn  hverr  a  sinv 
mali  /;>vrva.  En  albvinn  em  ec  at  fremia  />essa  leika  oc  freista 
hversv  at  ferr.  hvat  man  pz.  meirr  ef  ec  kann  ecki.  at  />a  lata  ec 
lif  mitt,  enda  er  ceren  soc  til  at  sv  se.  mvn  oc  fraendom  minvm 
/»yckia  litill  sacna^fr  eptir  mic  vera,  ef  ec  em  ecki  at  manna,  ef 
noccorir  ero  p€\x  er  dvgandi  menn  se.  en  ec  aetla  at  vist  engi  se.59 

P.  105.     N.  129. 

Ganga57  ^eir  nv  vt  a  [voll  noccorns^  oc  taca  stein  einn.  er  eigi 
sto^  minna  en  .ii.  scippvnd.  />ann  stein  toe  Valtarioc  kasta^^ifra 
ser  .ix.  fet.  en  /^etleifr  kastar  .x.  fet.  Nv  kastar  Valtari  .xiii.  fet. 
/?a  kastar  /»etleifr  .xviii,  fet.  Nv  viii  Valtari  eigi  optarr  til  ganga. 
oc  hevir  ^etleifr  nv  vnnit  /senna  leic.  oc  finnz  allvm  mannvm 
mikit  vm.  Nv  taca  p€\x  [eina  merkistong.  en  pz.  atti  Atila 
konongr.  er  ^rniinrikr  konpngr  haf^i  /jingat  bo^it  til  sinnar 
veizlv.  firir  p\\  at  pzx  var  go?  vinatta  milli  />eirra.  En  sv  merkis- 
tong var  allra  /^eirra  skapta  />vngast  59  er  />ar  varo  pz.  komin. 
Nv  skytr  Valtari  pesso  scapti  ivir  konongsholl  sva  at  annarr 
endir  kcemr  ni^r  a  hallarveginvm.^°  Nv  maeltv  allir  pe'ir  menn 
er  petts.  sa.  at  fvr^'v  sterklega  er  scoti^.  />etleifr  teer  nv  scaptit 
oc  skytr  aftr  ivir  hoUena.  oc  er  hann  hevir  scotit.  pa.  rennr  hann 
i  gegnvm  hollina  [er  tvidyr  var.^'  oc  toe  a  lopti  spiotscaptit.  oc 
gengr  nv  i  brot  vi5'  sva  bvit.  Nv  maelto  pat  allir  er  sa.  at  jbet- 
leifr  hevir  vnnit  pessa.  tva  leica.  oc  at  hann  hevir  oa'rlaz  havug^ 
Valtara.  Konongrenn^^  Erminrikr  maelti.  pv  go^r  drengr.  ec 
vii  leysa  havu3"  fraenda  mins  mea'  gvlli  oc  silfri  oc  go^om  gripvm. 
[sva  dyrt  sem  pv  villt^s  pa,  maelti  petle'ifr.  Hvat  seal  mer 
havu?  fraenda  pins,  hann  er  goür  drengr.  oc  viii  ec  geva  per 
hera  havua^  hans.  en  lavna  pv  sem  sialfr  villtv.  en  se  ver3^r  pv  at 
leysa  vapn  herra  mins  oc  hans  lagsmanna.  en  ecki  scaltv  her 
meira  firir  gialda  en  [sialfr  villtv. ^*  pa.  maelti  konongrenn.  penna 

55  />etleifr  viii  fremia  pessa  leika.  Sups.  Mnib. — 56  [glutra  sua 
miklu  fesemnu  fortu  (me3"  add.  B).  Nu  lezt  hann  {peüe'ifr  B)  albuinn 
at  reyna  pessa  leika,  A.  B. — 57  Nv  reyna  peir  afl  sitt  Valtari  oc 
pet\ei(r.  Sufis.  Mmb. — 58  [viS'an  voll,  A,  B. — 59  [merkistong  (Er- 
menriks  add.  B)  konungs,  firir  pvi  at  pat  var  /»yngst  skapt  peira,  A, 
B, — 60  hallarvegginn.  A,  B. — 61  [wanL  A,  B.— 62  Erminrikr  konongr 
leysir  havu3"  Valtara.  Sufis.  Mmb. — 63  [ef  pu  villt  pat  /seckiaz,  B ; 
want.  A. — 64  [sialfum  per  />ikir  vel,  B. 


u  'A  L  TH  ER  OF  AQU/  TA  IXE. 


97 


kost  vii  ec  giarna  /^eckiaz.  oc  liaf  firir  micla  j^^wTs  /jocc  oc  mina. 
/)etta  scal  ec  /jer  vel  la\na.  N\-  la;tr  konongr  taka  sva  mikit  fe 
sem  mest  hafri  [hann  neytt ^  oc  leysir  \t  vapn  oc  hesta *  /jeirra 
felaga.  er  at  ve/Ti  lagv.  oc  /;>ar  a  ovan  gefrhann  hanom  hinngafv- 
glegsta  bvna/^.  oc  [sva  mikit  fe  gefr  hann  hanom  si^7an  sem  hann 
kosta^^i  af  sialfs  sins.^?  oc  eptir  /^at  dvbbar  konongrinn  hann  til 
riddara.  Nv  segir  /^etleifr  nafn  sitt  oc  alia  aett  sina.  oc  veMr 
hann  [vi^fraegr  vm  oll*^  lond  af  reysti  sinni.  Ov  teer  ^i;ricr 
hann  ser  til  felaga  [oc  kallar  hann  sinn  iai'ningia.  Oc  skiliaz 
/>eir  nv  at  veizlvnni.  oc  heitr  p^r  hverr  a^om  sinni  vinattv.^ 
Ri.7r  nv  p\d'\cr  konongs  svn  heim  til  Bernar  oc  me^  hanom  y?et- 
leifer  oc  allir  hans  menn  er  /^angat  fylg'Tv  hanom  [oc  Jsvngr 
havujloddari  me^  pe\m. 

P.  130,     U.  151. 

Oc  nv  er  morna  teer.  /?a  laetr  pitfncx  konongr  segia  fraenda 
sinvm  Erminric  kononge  fall  iarlsens.  Oc  />egar  er  hann  \er.7r 
sannfro^r  at/>vi.  /^a  laetr  hannblasa  allvm  Iv^Trvm  sinvm  oc  vapna 
alia  riddara  sina.  oc  si^an  [\eita  Jjc\r  atgangv  at  borginni  t^  me^ 
valsloengom  oc  me?  lasbogom  oc  skoteldi  ?'  oc  allzconar  velvm. 
N\'  sia  borgarmenn  engan  sinn  cost  vaenna.  en  a  hond  at  ganga 
oc  leggia  sitt  mal  a  konongs  vald  oc  geva  vp  borgena.  En 
konongrenn  [gefr  />eim  lifsgri?  oc  fear  sins.7»  en  hann  eignaz 
sialfr  statinn  oc  setr  /jar  ivir  hof-jingia  Valtara  af  Vascannsteini73 
fraenda  sinn.  Nv  ri?a  />eir  heim  konongarnir  [oc  gaetir  nv  hvarr 
sins  rikis.  ^rminricr  konongr  i  Romaborg  en  pidner  konongr 
i  Baern  m^d  sina  kappa.  Oc  li3T  nv  sva  vm  x\p  noccora.  at 
pidńcT  konongr  er  heima  oc  sitr  vm  kyrt.  en  p\\  a  hann 
sialdan  at  rosa  a  sinvm  aldri.  poXn  hanom  oc  pz.  at  eins  vel  e^a 
h\gr  sinn  ror.  er  hann  skyldi  i  storraetvm  Ivt  eiga.  i  orrastvm 
erTa  i  einvigom  />eim  sem  allan  aldr  msetti  vppi  vera.^-t 

P.  307.     U.  330. 

Ok  75  nu  er  mornar  oc  alliost  er  or^it.  stendr  /ji/Trekr  konungr 
upp  oc  laetr  blasa  [sin  bosun.?^  oc  /jsegar  i  sta?  laetr  vi?  kvae?a 

65  [/»etleifr  eytt  (neytt  B)  /?essa  stund,  A,  B.— 66  ross,  A,  B.— 67  [aptr 
laetr  hann  giallda  .xxx.  marka  (er  /?ettleifr  atti  zvaiit.  B)  A,  B.— 68 
[fragr  vi?a  um,  A,  B,— 69  [want.  A,  B.— 70  [gera  pt'n  mikla  atgongu  til 
borgarinnar,  A,  B.— 71  elldi,  A.  B.— 72  [laetr  pa.  halda  lifi  sinu  ok  fe, 
A,  B.— 73  Vaskasteini,  A,  B.— 74  [Erminrekr  ok  /»i^rekr,  A,  B.— 75 
fra  /Ji^reci  konungi  oc  Erminriki  konungi.  Stips.  Mmb. — 76  [ollum 
sinum  lu?rum,  A,  B. 


iunkherra  pether  sina  lu3ra.  oc  sl:ct  sama  margraeifi  Rogringaeirr. 
oc  standa  nu  upp  allir  oc  vapna  sik.  Oc  er  /.aeir  koma  a  sina 
haesta.  pa.  ri^r  firir  maeistari  Hilldibrandrok  baerr  i  sinni  haendi 
merkistong  />ijreks  konungs.  oc  psega.r  eptir  honom  riTr  ^iTrekr 
konungr.  oc  hverr  eptir  a'rom  allir  bans  menn.  oc  rita  til  pcssa 
va*s.  er  a5r  urn  nottina  haf^i  yfir  ri^it  Hilldibrandr.  Oc  er  pat 
sia  Aumlungar,  letr  Sif  ka  blasa  [basun  Erminriks  konungs. 77 
Oc  er  petta.  haeyrir  Vi?ga  oc  Raeinalld.  pa.  lata  pee'ir  blasa  ollom 
sinom  mannom  7^  til  at  vapnaz  oc  bua  sik  til  orrosto.  Oc  nu 
laeypr  Viaga  a  sinn  best  Skemming  me7  allum  sinum  vopnom  oc 
er  albuinn  at  baeriaz.  slict  sama  Reinalld  me-Jsinn  haer.  Valltari 
af  Vaskastaeini  er  nu  kominn  a  sinn  haest  oc  baerr  i  hendi  ser 
maerkistong  Erminriks  konungs.  J>at  maerki  er  a  pa  lund  gert. 
at  hinn  [ytri  lutr  79  maerkisins  er  [suart  silki  ^°  sem  ramn.  en 
annarr  lutr  er  silki  litt  sem  gull,  en  hinn  pńili  lutr  maerkissins  er 
graenn  sem  gras,  oc  utan  viT  pat  maerki  ersaumat  [siautigir  djm- 
biollor  af  gulli.^^  sua  ringir  petta  merki  oc  glymr.  at  haeyrir  um 
allan  haerinn.  pegar  [er  rir^rit  er  merkit^^  e  a  vindr  baerr /at.  Oc 
her  eptir  ri^rSifka  mel  alia  sina  fylking  .vi. ^3  /msundrat  riddara 
oc  mikinn  fiol  :a  sargenta.^4  Ocer/>i;rekr  konungr  ser  merki 
Erminriks  konungs  oc  hann  vaeit  at  par  fylkir  ^s  Sif  ka.  pa  kallar 
hann  at^^  maeistari  Hilldibradrskylldi  bera /;ar  i  mot  bans  merki. 
pat  er  gort  afhuito  silki.  par  stendr  i  leo  af  gulli  me)  korono,  oc 
par  fylgia  dynbiollor  [af  guUi  ^7  aeigi  faeri  en  [.vii.  tigir.^^  petta 
merki  haefir  Erka  drotning  latit  gera  oc  gaf  piireki  konungi. 
Nu  ri?a  saman  />essar  tvaer  fylkingar.  Raeinalld  r'lcfr  [mecf 
sinom  ^9  flokk.  bans  maerki  er  a  pessa  lund  buit.  pat  er  raut  silki 
sem  blo^.  oc  firir  ofan  [a  miliom  oc9°  spiotzins  ero  pr'ir  knappar 
af  gulli.  oc  hann  staefnir  sinom  haer  i  gegn  margraeifa  RoS^ingaeir. 
Oc  pa  rirjr  Viyga  me'7  sinn  haer.  bans  maerki  bar  hinn  sterki 
Runga.  er  engi  risi  fekz  [sa  er  honom  vaeri  iamsterkr.9i  y^etta 
maerki  er  suart  oc  af  [hvitom  staeini92  hamar  ok  tong  ok  staerji. 
Her  i  gegn  ri-7r  haertogi  NauJung  oc  baerr  i  sinni  haendi  maerki 
buit  oc  a  [ma'rkat  leo  93  af  gulli.  ok  pat  merki  gaf  Erka  drotning 
/jether.     Oc  par  eptir  riS'r  iunkhaerra  pether  oc  tvaeir  synir  Attila 

■J1  want.  A. — jSfluTrum,  A,  B.— 79  [yzti  litr,  A. — 80  [suart,  A: 
svartr,  B. — 81  [dynbiolkir,  A  ;  .lxx.  dynbiollur,  B. — 82  [at  er  x\d\t  mer5r 
merkit,  A;  ri^it  er,  B. — 83  .vii.,  B. — 84  skardiant.  A;  annars  !i^s,  B. 
—85  fylgir,  A,  B.— 86  add.  A,  B.— 87  [rca;//.  A,  B.— 88  [.lx.,  A  ;  lxxx., 
B. — 89  [vi3"sinn.  A,  B. — 90  [milli  ok,  A  ;  milli,  B. — 91  [honum  sterkari, 
A.— 92  ihvitu  silki.  A.— 93  [niarkarlr  leo.  A,  B. 


WA  LT  I!  ER  OF  AQUITAINE.  99 

konungs  Erpr  oc  Ortvin.  ok  hinn  gori  riddare  Mialprik  er  allra 
riddara  er  kurUeisaztr  oc  vaskastr.S'»  /airra  [skor  er  buin  allt^s 
meT  rau  ro  guUi  sua^^  at  liorninn  stendr  af  sein  a  loga  sei. 

P.  308.     U.  331. 

Nv97  ri5^a  /-essar  .vi.9S  fylkingar  saman.  /^i.^rekr  konungr  af 
Bern  ri'r  nu  fram  [melsinn  haest  Falka  oc  sitt  goTa  sver^)" 
^■Ekkisax.99  oc  hoggr  a  tvser  hli'ar  ser  menn  oc  heesta.  oc  fa^llir 
hvern  yfir  annan.  allt  />ar  sem  hann  fserr.  Ük  fyr  honom  ri^^r 
maeistari  Hilldibrandr  met  hans  merki  ok  drepr  niargan  mann 
annarri  sinni  haendi.  ok  /J^Eirra  goji  felagi  Vildifer  fylgir  />aeim 
alldrengilip;a.  ok  er  /^esssi  orrosta  en  hardasta.  oc  falla  nu  miok 
Aumlungar  af  lidi  Sifka.  Ok  nu  kallar  /Mgrrekr  konungr  hatt 
ok  eggiar  sina  menn  ok  m^Uti.  Fram  hart  varir  menn  ok  baeriz 
nu  af  kappi  miklu  ok  drengskap.  pox  hafit  optlega  bariz  vi^ 
Ruzimenn  e  Ta  Vilcinamenn  oc  fengum  ver /ja  optaz'°°  sigr.  en 
nu  i  y?essi  orrosto  soekium  ver  vart  land  oc  riki.  ok  her  at  me- 
gom  ver  haeita  miklir  '"^  menn.  ef  ver  fam  vart  aeiginland.  Oc 
he  tan  afven!rr /?essi  [vaeizla  miklu  ^°2  akavare.  Oc  nu  r\ox  p\o- 
rekr  konungr  i  mijia  fylking  Sifka  oc  drepr  menn  ok  haesta  ok 
alt  />at  sem  firir  honom  vertr.  oc  sua  fram  i  gegnom  /^aeirra  fyl- 
king oc  aptr  atra  laeit.  Hann  hraetaz  nu  allir  ok  engl  pox'xx  firir 
honom  at  standa  huar  sem  hann  ritr.  ok  pz.  haefir  hann  drepit  utal 
manna.  A  annan  veg  i  mijri  fylking  Aumlunga  ritr  Villdifer  oc 
firir  honom  falla  Aumlungar.  oc  hvar  sem  hann  kom  i  haerinn. 
/>a  haelldr  aengi  matr  sinom  hesti  ok  sinom  vopnom  firir  honom, 
ok  nu  haefir  hann  drepit  marga  rika  hoftingia.  ok  er  hann  enn 
aeigi  [särr  drava.^°3  /jcCtta  ser  haertogi  Valltari  af  Vaskastaeini. 
hverso  mikinn  skata  Villdifer  gerir  a  Aumlungum.  oc  firir 
honom  flyia  Aumlungar  hvar  sem  hann  kemrfram.  okrijr  i  gegn 
honom  allkapsamlega  ^°4  ok  leggr  merkispiotino  firir  hans  briost. 
ok  spiotia^  gengr  i  gegnom  hann  oc  üt  um  haertarnar.  Ok  nu 
hoggr  Villdifer  af  ser  spiotskaptit  oc  ri^tr  at  Valtara  oc  hoggr  a 
hans  laer  vit  sautlinom.  ok  sundr  taekr  bryniuna  sua  at  i  sautli- 
nom  nam  statar.  ok  sinn  vaeg  feil  huarr  af  sinom  haesti  dautr  a 
iort.     Oc  im  er  Sifka  ser  at  hans  merki  er  fallit  oc  drepinn  er 

94  traustastr,  A ;  hraustastr,  B. — 95  [skari  er  buinn  allr,  A. — 96  add. 
A,  B. — 97  Er  />itrecr  konungr  bersk  vit  Sifka.  Sups.  Mmb. — 98  .iii., 
A. — 99  [a  sinum  hesti  Falka,  A. — 100  iafnan,  A,  B. — loi  mestir,  A  ; 
meistara,  B. — 102  [orrosta  halfu,  A.  B. — 103  [saardrafa,  A;  sar,  B. — 
104  allakaflega,  A,  B. 


lOO  IVALTHER  OF  AQUITAINE. 

hinn  matki  '°5  kappi  Valtari.  snyr  hann  sinom  haesti  undan  ok 
Ayr,  oc  pdx  eptir  allt  bans  li7.  En  />i^rekr  konungr  oc  allir  bans 
menn  raeka  flottann  oc  drepa  />a  '^°^  oc  fylgia  /-aeim  allan  />ann 
dag  langa  laeij.'°7  ok  skiHaz  seigi  vi3'  fyrr  en  draepinn  er  maestr 
luti  ^aessa  bsers.  oc  er  />at  [langa  ri?r  at^°^  pidx^kx  konungr 
ri?r^°9  a3^r  hann  skiliz  v\d  oc  hann  snyr  aptr."° 


1. 

OLD    SWEDISH     VERSION.* 
KaP.    222, 

Oni  konicn^  Aktilius^  vänskap  med  konung  Ermenłrik. 

Koni«g  Atilia  war  en  riker  V.onmig  ,  han  haffde  mykin  winskap  mz 
ermewtrik  .  koni«g  /  han  satte  sin  frende  till  erme;/trik  Vonung  .  som 
osid  het  .  mz  xij  riddara  .  Vionnug  Y^ruientrik  fik  hanu;«  sin  frende 
ige«  som  waiter  het  aff  waklsken  han  war  tha  ekke  mesta  gamall  .  En 
5  iomfrw  war  mz  Attilia  "konung  .  hon  het  hildegruUa  .  jarlens  dotti?r  aff 
greken  .  hon  war  tit  sat  till  gisl  ^  .  waiter  haifde  he«na  ganszke  ka'r. 

Kap.  223. 

Walier  a/  IVasekensien  rider  bort  ined  Hildegiinna,  jarlens  dotter 

a/  Grekland. 

Et  sinne  haffde  Aktilia  konung  manga  ga'ster  .  oc  mykin  gla'di  mz 
dans  OC  alskyns^  lek  .  waiter  hiolt  i  jomfruna  hand  .  hildegu;/na  .  oc 
sagde  till  he;me  .  hwat  heller  wiltw  fylgia  mik  .  elkr  wara  konung 
attilia  frilla  .  Hon  swarade/  ware  thz  eth^r  alffwara  tha  will  iak  enge;/ 
5  helli?r  haffua  a'n  \der /  han  swarade/  gud  warde  mik  sa  hwll  som  iak 
skall  wara  id^r  hull  .  Jomfrwn  sagdzV  wilia  gema.  gur^  bans  wilia/  han 
sagde  .  kom  i  morgon  som  [thz]  sdagas  vta«  for  löna  porte;;/  oc  hafif 
mz  tik  guli  oc  silff  oc  tina  cla'der  .  hon  sagdis  thz  göra  wilia  .  Ey 
10  wiste  konungen  for  a'n  the  bada  borte  wor^  .  Tha  kom  portanerrn  oc 
sagde  hanuw  thz. 

Kap.  224. 
Huru  Walter  drap  konung  Aktilius'  riddare. 

hage;/  war  tha   mz  attilia   konung  .  oc  war  tha  ganske   vngfr  . 
kołiungen  sagde  till  ha;/;^m  .  rid  efft^r  iomfrvna'  .  oc  waiter  .  han  fik 


*The  text  is  reprinted  from  the  edition  of  Hylt^n-Cavallius  ('Sagan  om  Didrik  af  Bern.' 
Stockholm  1850-1854),  chapters  222-225,  128-129,  '47.  280-281.  Substitutions  for  Hyltdn-Ca- 
vallius  signs,  are:  ö  for  o  with  inclined  stroke,  z  for  J^  (=OId  Swedish  composite  sign). 
The  variants  are  those  of  B. 

105   mesti,   A;  mikli,  B. — io6  margan  mann,  A. — 107  hrif?,  A,  B. — 
108  [long  \q\Ü  (er  add.  B),  A,  B. — logrekr,  B. — no  fra  hernum  add.  A. 
I  gelss. — 2  helskJns. — 3  Bl.  loi. 


// '.  /  L  THF.R  OF  A  Q  U  ITA  INE.  lOi 

\\ntium  xj  riddara  mz  sik  .  the  rido  skyndeliga'  efltrr  woltüv/  tlia 
vvolt^'r  fik  thtrn  atsee  .  tha  steg  han  affsin  ha'st  .  oc  tog  nid  iowfrwiia  . 

5  Sidan  spra;/g  han  a  sin  ha'st  ige«/  oc  bant  fast  hielme«  a  sit  hufTuod  . 
Jomfrwn  sagde/  thzte  a'r  stor  harm  .  at  tw  skallt  allene  slass  mot 
xij  .  /  riy  liellr^  vndan  oc  redde  tit  liiff  /  waiter  swarade  gra't  ekke 
jomfrw  .  iak  haiirr  for  seet  hielma  .  brynior  oc  skiolde  kloffne  .  oc 
mo;/gen  en  hiiffiiodloss  atf  besten  störte  offta  haffuć-r  iak  warit  \.\\er 

'c>  mz  .  ty  grwffiiar  mik  encte  for  thesse  xij  .  sida«  red  ha«  hardeliga  mot 
th(?m  .  oc  slogos  gansze  lenge  .  walt^'r  slog  the  xj  i  ha'll  .  oc  hage« 
rynide  vndan  i  en  skog  .  thirr  na'r  lag. 

Kap.  225. 

Hum  Walter  a/  IVasekciisfeii  slog  nt  ögat  pa  Hagen,  och   red  till 
koHHug  Erinentrik. 

waltifr  kom  i  sama  skog  .  oc  iomfrun  mz  hanu  w  /  ba;/  giorde  eld  oc 
redde  matt  .  som  waiter  sat  oc  att  .  aff  et  willegals  boste  .  tha  kom 
hagen  mz  et  drag/t  swerd  oc  Hop  at  walt<fr  .  jomfrwn  ropade  war^  tik 
herre  .  her  .  komb^ren  aff  tina  owendT  waiter  sprang  op  oc  tog  böstet 
5  oc  slog  hage«  wid  bans  öga  .  sa  at  wtgik  awnat  ögat/  oc  han  fioll  om 
kull  .  hagen  sprawg  snart  op  oc  steg  vppa  sin  ha'st  oc  red  hem  till 
attilia  konuiig  oc  sagde  hanuw  tidende/  oc  haffde  tha  mist  sit  ena 
öga  .  waltifr  red  till  Ermewtrik  konung  .  oc  war  ha««m  welkome«  oc 
dwald/^  th^r  om  langa  stuwd. 

Kap.  128. 

Detzleffs  inaltid.       Walter  af  Wasekensteti  maiiar  Detzleff  till 
kamp  i  att  skjiita  stäng  och  kasta  sten. 

Detzleff  swarade  hwar  iak  baffu^'r  warit  i  andro;«  landom  .  for  stora 
herrs./  tha  wiste  the  alia  stadz  th^n  hedher  .  at  biwda  fra'mede  ma« 
till  bords  oc  giffua  hanu;«  matt  om  ha«  wara'  fastande/  for  a'n  the 
sporde  hanu;;/  tid^nde  .  koniinge^i  lot  giffua  hanu;;/  matt/  tha  aat  ha;? 

5  mer  a'n  iij  the  starkaste  men/  sidan  bar  skenken  frani  ena  gwU  skaall 
som  ha;/  störst  orkade  ba'ra  fulla  mz  starkasta  wiin  /  then  drak  han 
wt  at  eno;;/  dryk/  Vommgen  oc  alia  höffdingia  talade  oc  vndrade  th^r 
vpa  .  tbz  skötte  detzleff  encte  .  Sida«  sagde  waiter  aff  wasekensten  4  . 
Vontmg  erme«trikx  oc  konung  thitmars  syst^;'son  .  han  war  starkiste 

^o  ka'mpe  i  konungens  gard  .  kan  tbć^nne  ma;/  enchte  annat  .  vta;/  myk/t 
a'ta  oc  dricka  oc  forta'ra  gotss  .  oc  kantw  skiwta  stong  .  ell^r  kasta 
sten  .  Detzleff  swarade  jak  tror  jak  kan  bada'  a'  mz  hwilko;;/  idrom 
som  torss  mz  mik  pröffwa  .  waiter  swarade  Jak  will  tbz  mz  tik  öffwa'  . 
om  thms  wor  huffuod  .  som  tapar/  oc  6  winner  iak  tha  skaltw  aldre 

15  forta'ra  sa  mykit  mer  .  elkr  7 góra  nokrom  första'  tylke  nesa  sow  tw 

4  volter  aff  vode  vasekensten. — 5  inte  anath   gore  vtan  a'ta  och 

mokedh  fforta'r«?. — 6  om  ba'ggas  vaar^  huffuodh. — 7  Bl.  72. 


J02  WA  LT  HER  OF  AQUITAINE. 

hau^r  n\v  giort  vn\n  herre/  S-  ty  folkit  siger  tit  ga'stabud  haurr  warft 
kostelig-are  a'n  hans  .  Detfeff  svvarade  lekar  iak  a'y  som  mik  bör/  haut 
skadar  thz  tha  mer  .  a'n  iak  mister  mit  liiff  .  litit  mo;/na'  my//a  fra'ndt'r 
mik  sakna  .  a'n  alt  skall  iak  röna'  om  tw  tor  mz  mik  leka. 

Kap.  129. 

Detzlejf  segrar  i   leken.       Konimg  Ermenirik   loser  Walters   lif. 

Detzleff  Säger  sitt  rätta   nanm,  och   blir  ttpptagan   tili 

Didriks  jänining. 

The  gingo  wt  vppa  wallen  tha  tog  waltc'r  en  sten  som  wog  ij 
skipp/z-z/d  oc  kastade  ix  föter  .  Sidan  kastade  detzleff  x  föter  Sa  kas- 
tade  waiter xiij  föti^r  .  Detzleff  kastade  xviij  föter/  9  tha  wilde  waltt'r 
a'y  mer  thi?n  lek  .  /  Tha  gingo  the  till  kf;//«;^^  attilius  bannera  stang  . 
5  hon  war  störst  oc  tyngst  äff  all  the  spiwt  som  th^r  wore  .  tha  sköt 
waiter  stangena  twert  wtoffu^r  Vonungens  sali  .  thz  sagde  alia 
konuwgxme«  at  thz  war  wa'll  skut/t^^o  .  Tha  tog  detzleff  stongena  oc 
sköt  langx  at  salen  i  gömo«  two  dörr^r  oc  löp  sa  snart  effti?r  antha/? 
tog  stongena  för  a'n  hon  nokorstadz  motte  .  ell^n-  rörde/  oc  gik  sa  jo 

io  i  salen  .  tha  sagde  alia'  at  detzleff  haffde  wu«net  .  the  two  leka  .  oc 
waiters  huffuod  .  tha  sagde  konteng  er^ntrik  .  tw  goder  dreng^r  vn 
mik  lösa  huffuod  fra'nda  my«s  iak  will  giffua  tik  th^r  for^  gwll  oc 
klenodie  sa  mykit  som  tw  hedis  .  Detzleff  swarade  mik  a'r  encte  oni 
thin  fra'nda  huffuod  .  ty  hau  a'r  en  god^r  dreng^r  .  iak  will  giffua  thik 

15  hans  huffuod  .  oc  lön  miki'  haut  tik  ta'kkfj-  .  tog  warder  tw  lösamy;i 
herris  wapn  oc  ha'sta'  oc  hans  tia'nar^-^^  .  thu  skalt  mik  ekke  awnat 
atbetale  a'n  som  tw  sialffuifr  wilt  .  kojiungcji  agde  haff  thrr  thak  iore 
thz  skall  jak  tik  wa'll  löna'  .  konungen  tog  gwll  oc  silff  oc  löste  ther/5 
ha'sta  oc  harnisk  ige^  oc  betalede  alt  thz  detzleff  fortarit  haffde  äff  sit 

20  egit  .  Sidan  gaff  ha//  detzleff  kosteliga  cla'd^r  .  oc  slog  hanu/«  till 
riddar^  .  oc  fik  hanu;«  xxx  mark  guls  sows  han  forta'rit  haffde  aff  sit 
egit/  herdidrik  tok  h.anuxn'ixW  sin  iampnuwgern  .  detzleff  war  tha  be- 
llender hwat  bans  naffn  war  /  oc  atha«  war  bit^rwlff  jarls  son  aff 
twmmathorp  .  sida«  wart  ha?/  prjsat  offurr  alia  land. 

Kap.  147. 

Widikes    och    Heynis    trata    och  fórlikiiiiig.      Komoig   Ermentrik 
vinner  slottet   Gerimshem. 

Tha  wredd/.y  wideke  ok  sprawg  at  heym  oc  grep  mi««mi;/gx 
handfang  .  oc  rykte  swerd/t  fra  heym  /  Nagelri;/g  kastade  han  for 
ha«s  foter  .  oc  bod  hanuw  strax  till  kamp  .  heim  tog  nagellriwg  op  . 


8  gor^  naagen  ffJrste  tolken  neese  och  skam  ssaa  ssom  tu  haffuer 
giorth. — 9  Sa  ...  xviii  ióier  ołnittcd  in  B. — 10  alia  men  veil  var<?  kastadh 
ochmanweligaskuthz. — 11  ochgiff  meg. — 12  min  herres  vapn  och  hans 
tia'naresvapn  och  ha'sta. — 13  BI.  72,  Verso. — 14  her  didrek  tog  ha;///m 
till  stalbrod^r  och  kallade  honum  sin  iempnunge. 


ir.l  I.  TH  ER  OF  AQ  Ul  TA  INE.  1 03 

oc  sagde/  iak  a'r  rrde  at  ka;/;;-).-!  m-;  tik  ,  koniins;  Vdi'ik  sprang  i 

5  mellow  .  oc  fler^  gode  men  .  oc  wilde  ihz  a'y  till  sta'dia  .  wideke 
sagde  Aldrey  skali  nii/wmu/g  kowma  i  sina  skida  .  for  a'n  han  haffu^r 
skilt  ^5  hans  hiiffiiud  .  fra  hans  bwk/'ö  ly  athaw  hauer  mik  olTta  hwgmod 
giort/  som  han  oc  giorde  tha  iak  lag  om  kiill  slage;/  i  wilcina  land  . 
iha  malte  ha«  mik  wa'll  halp/t  hafiiia  .  sa/  at  iak  ekke  haffde  grepin 

o  wordin/  han  lot  so;//  han^?  myn  ficndc^  war/  oc  röfliiade  mik  mJtswerd 
wtaff/  ty  wet  iak  atha«  skali  sin  lon  haffua  .  th^rfore  sagota'rnwsom 
a«nat  sin»»  .  her  tidrik  talade  till  heim/  oc  straflTside  hanu  w  thźT  for<r 
.  oc  bad  hanum  forbidia  wideke/  sidan  swor  heim  en  ed  .  at  thz  war 
hans  snak  .  oc  gaman  som  ha//  till  widike  talade  .  oc  encte  spot  ell^r 

5  hat^o.  oc  thicr  mz  blilTuo  the  furlikte/  komina  Udrik  sporde  widike/ 
woltę  twjarla//s  död  .ja  sagde  wideke  .  han  kom  mot  mik^i  sielff  vjt<= 
oc  sidan  ha//  war  slagin  tha  rymde  the  .  v./  konuiig  Udrik  sagde  .  tw 
skalt  haffua  th^r  god  lön  for«?  .  oc  my//  kerleek  .  tw  a'ft  en  rask  ma«  . 
oc   fultage    ka'mpe  /  koi/uno-   tidrik    sende   et   bud   till    ErmenMk 

.0  kotiutig  .  oclot  hanu//^  sigia^^  at  iarlen  war  död  .  tha  han  thz  sporde  / 
tha  lot  ha«  bla'sa  i  alia  sina  ludra  .  oc  wapna  alt  sit  folk  .  oc  stormade 
strax  till  slott/t  .  sa  lenge  at  jarlans  me«  gaffuo  slott/t  .  sa  at  the  aft' 
gingo  mz  harnisk  oc  hafTuor./  konntig  Y^rinentrik  awnamede  slott/t  oc 
satte  th^r  till  höffuisma«  .  wolti?r  aft"  waskenstenzs  .  sin  systerson./ 

15  Sidan  redo  komni^ana  bade  hem  i  ther«  eg/t  land  ige«. 

Kap.  280. 

KoniDig  Didrik  och  Seveke  fóro  sina  baner  eniot  hvarandra. 

Om  morgonen  aria  stodh  ha'r  didrik  op  ok  vapnadhe  sik  ok  loth 
bla'sa  j  piper  ok  basu/żar  .  tetmar  hans  brodh^r  giordhe  ok  samaled/5 
ok  tesslighchis  margr^'flfuen  rJdghrr  ok  stigha  pa  sina  ha'stha  / 
mesthćT  hyllebrandh  redh  fra;//  mz  her  didriks  baner  Ali   ha'ren 

5  f -ildhe  a'ft\h^r  .  han  ridh  yfi'u^r  thz  sama  vadh  som  han  hadhe  om 
nattena  Ridhith/  tha  seueke  var  thess  var/  ok  vidheke  vela«so«/  tha 
bla'sthe  the  j  alia  thera  ludha/  ok  badh  thera  folk/  vapna  sik  . 
vidhekhe  stegh  pa  sin  hesth  ski;//plingh  teslikis  giorde  renaldh  ok 
valthtT  afT  vaske«sten  han  f'')rde  konutig  Y^rmenlriks  baner  thz  var 

[o  badhe  storth  ok  lancth  ok  ma«ga  gulklocchor/  oppa  .  thz  baner 
rykker  [?  rynger]  saa  fasth  ath  thz  h  >ra  magh  off"uć?r  all  h^ra'n/  thtr 
vndhif'r  redh  seueke  mz  vi^^  24riddar^  .  tha  didrik  saa  koiinng 
Erme«t;'/^5  baner/  ok  viste  ath  seueke  var  \.\\ex\x\d\\er  j  ta  badh  han 
hyllebrandh   f  Ira   sith   baner  th(?r  j    moth  thz   var  giórth  aft"  slwth 

[5  [?  hiuith]  silke  och  l.xx  gul  klokkor  oppa  /  thz  hafdhe  a'rcha  . 
drotni«gh  giorth  th^r  stod  eth  forgylth  leon  oppo/  tho  kom  renaldh 
mz  eth  r'jth  baner  som   blodh  /   moth    ho««m    ndh<?r  margr^ffiie 


15  slitidh. — 16  bak. — 17  Bl.  77. — 18  ffende. — 19  paa  en  anwan  tidh. 
— 20  och  icke  hans  alffuare  som  han  till  videke  talade. — 21  han  mJtte 
meg. — 22  ff".>'rstaa. — 23  vollter  van  vaskinsten. — 24  BI.121,  Verso. 


I04  WALTHER  OF  AQUITAINE. 

rod^h^r  .  tha  redh  videke  fram  ha;/s  baner  war  swarth  /  ok  stodh 
ha;wber  ok  tongh  vti  /  thz  flrdhe  en  ka';«pe  som  rwnghe  heth  han 
20  var  stor  ok  stark  som  en  rese/  moth  ho;/?/m  ridhi?r  h^rtogh  norduwgh 
mz  ma'rkar  thetmarssöw^  baner  thifr  stodh  paa  eth  leon  äff  gul  thz 
gaff  ho««m  Ercha  ^rotning  .  thćT  a'pth^r  foldhe  tetmar/  ok  hina  vnge 
herrer  ok  godhe  riddare  hia'lprik  /  han  var  alia  riddar^  raskasth  . 
thera  vap^n  glimadhe  sow  solen. 

Kap.  2S1. 

Slageł  vid  Grans-port.     Wildefers  och  Walters  af  Waseketisten  död. 

Sevekes  flykt. 

The  drogo  til  sama«  mz  tesse  vi  baner  .  \\er  didrik  sath  pa  syn 
hesth  falke  ok  hugh^r  mz  sith  godha  svva'rdh  ekke  sax/  fur  ho««m 
storthe  mawgen  ma«  .  for  ho«?/m  ridh^r  hyllebrandh  ha«  drap  ok 
mangan  man  ok  godhe  ridder^  vildefa'r/  tho  fiöl  mykit  äff  seuekis 
5  folk  .  her  didrik  ropadhe  hocth  ok  badh  sina  men  goo  hardeliga  fram/ 
ok  sagde  vi  haffua  optha  slagis  mz  rysserna/  ok  vywnit  th^r  myk?t 
sigh^r/  nw  vilia  vi  ok  viwna  vort  eghit  landh  j  gen/  ok  her  äff  hetho 
vi  mycla  me«  .  \^ommg  didrik  ridh  mith  j  seuekis  her  j  han  dra'par 
badhe  ma'n  ok  ha'stha  ok  alth  thz  fJr  honum.  var/  han  for  badhe 

10  twa'rthok  a'ndelancth  gynow  therßh^rok  alia  ra'dd/^yför  ho;/«m/ ok 
haffućT^s  dra'pit  otalighit  folk/  ok  anna;/  vegh  ridh^r  viidhefer/  ok 
iiuggh^r  ma;meligha  hwaske  vap^-n  ell^r  ha's  tha  ha'ctha  for  honu;«/ 
han  drap  mowgha  rika  hofdingha/  thz  saa  valth^r  äff  vaskensten/  hwrii 
mykin  skadha  viidhefer  giordhe/  ok  ath  alle  flyddhe   for  hoJium  . 

15  valth^r  slogh  sin  ha'sth  mz  sporona/  ok  satte  sith  spywth  for  vildhefers 
brysth  saa  ath  wth  gik  gyno?«  ha'rdener/  vildefer  hugh  spwth  skapthzV 
syndher I  ok  sydha«  hugh  han  oppa  valthers  lar  ok  brynia«  sywdh^r 
ok  larith  äff  saa  ath  swa'rdit  stod  j  sadele«/  sydhe«  storthe  the  bodhe 
dode  ok  th^r  fiol   'Tönung   Y.rrr\en\.riks  baner  nidh^r  som   valth(?r 

20  fo'rdhe/  tha  seueke  thz  sagh  ath  valth^r  var  slaghifn/  ok  baneret  lagh 
nidhre  a  jordewa  tha  flydde  ha«  alth  thz  ha?;  kuwdhe/  ok  alia  ha«s 
ma'n  sa  mowge  so?«  vndh(?r  thz  baneri?t  var/  h^"?'  didrik  ja'gadhe 
a'pth^r  th^-m  ok  slogh  mesta  delin  j  ha'l  äff  th^m/  Sydhan  va'ndhe 
her  didrik  om. 

2. 

HLOD    AND    ANGANTHEOW'S    LAV.* 

Ar  Kvo^o  Humla  Hünom  rä^^a, 
Gitzor  Grytingom,  Gotom  Angantr, 
Valdar  D;ujnom,i  enn  Vablom  Kiär, 
Alrekr  inn  fróekni  Enskri  p\6do. 


*  The  text  is  that  of  Vigfusson-Powell  ('  Corp.  Poet.  Boreale  '  i,  349),  verses  1-4. 

25  Bl.  122. 

I  Vigfusson  amends  the  line  thus  : 

Valdarr  Vöskom  enn  Volotn  Kiarr. 


XIV. 

BOGUPHALI    CHRONICON.* 

in^  RAT  enim  temporibiis  illis  urbs  famosissinia  in  regno  Lechi- 
tarum,  muroruni  altitudine  circumsepta,  nomine  Wyslicia, 
cujus  olim  princeps,  tempore  paganismi,  fuerat  Wyslaus  decorus, 
qui  et  ipse  de  stirpe  regis  Pompilii'  duxerat  originem.  Hunc 
quidam  comes,  etiam  stirpis  ejusdem,  ut  fertur,  fortis  viribus 
nomine  Walterus^  robustus,  qui  in  polonico  vocabatur  wdafy 
Walter, 3  habens  castrum  Tynecz  prope  Craco\'iam,  ubi  nunc 
abbatia  Sancti  Benedict!  per  Casimirum  Monachum  regem 
Polonorum  seu  Lechitarum  fundata  consistit,  in  quodam  seditioso 
conflictu  captivaverat,  captumque  in  vincula  conjecit  ac  in 
profundo  turris  Tynecensis  mirae  custodiae  deputaverat  tenen- 
dum. Hie  Walterus  quandam  nobilem,  nomine  Helgundam, 
sponsam  cujusdam  regis  (Almanorum  filii,  et  regis)  Francorum 
filiam,  habuit  in  uxorem,  quam,  ut  ajunt,  clam  versus  Poloniam 
non  sine  magnis  corporis  sui  periculis  abduxit.  (Quum  enim) 
cujusdam  Almaniae  regis  filius  in  curia  regis  Francorum,  patris 
Helgundae  praedictae  foveretur,  gratia  morum  capessendorum, 
Walterus  prout  erat  animo  perspicax  ac  industriosus,  considerans 
filiam  regis  Helgundam  ■+  in  regis  Almaniae  filium  amoris  affectum 
avertisse,  quadam  nocte,  moenia  castri  ascendens,  vigilem  castri 
pretio  convenit,  ne  ipsum  quovis  modo  detegere  praesumat,  et 
sic  dulci  melodia  perstrepuit,  quod  ad  hujus  dulcem  vocis 
sonitum  regis  filia  e  somnio  excitata,  de  lecto  saliens.  cum 
caeteris  puellabus,  somni  quietis  oblita,  cantui  dulcissimo  intenta, 
manebat,  donee  cantor  vocibus  sonorose  operam  dabat.  Mane 
autem  facto,  Helgunda  jubet  vigilem  accersire,  perquirens  dili- 
genter,  quisnam  fiiisset  ille  ?  Qui  se  omnimodo  ignorare  asserens, 

*  The  texi  is  from  Bielowski's  '  Monumenta  Poloiiiae  Historica '  ii.  510-514.  which  has  the 
correct  forms  IValczerz  and  Tynecz  instead  of  the  incorrect  forms  iValgerzs  a.r\d  Tyne£;  oi 
Sommersberg"s  edition  (' Rerum  Silesiacarum  Scriptores,'  1730:  ii,  37-39)  and  of  San  Marte's 
reprint  ('  Walther  von  Aquitanien,'  s.  213  ff.).  Bielowski's  additions  to  the  text  are  enclosed 
in  parenthesis.     Important  variants  are  given  below  the  text. 

I  Popeli  in  other  MSS. — 2  Valters  iv,  Walcerus  v. — 3  vdaly  Walter/ 
ii,  wdalj  Walczerzs  v,  udali  Valt,  viii. — 4  Algundam,  ii. 


I  o6  WAL  TH  ER  OF  AQU  ITA  INE. 

Walterum  prodere  non  praesunisit.  Sed  cum  duabus  noctibus 
sequentibus  Walterus  adolescens  similia  caute  peregisset,  Hel- 
gunda  dissimulare  amplius  non  valens,  vigilem,  ut  cantorem 
prodat,  minis  et  terroribus  compellit.  Qui  cum  prodere  nollet, 
ipsum  capitali  sententia  plecti  jubet.  Vigil  itaque  cum  Walterum 
cantasse  meminisset,  ipsa  in  ejus  amorem  fervide  exardescens,  ad 
ejus  vota  se  totaliter  acclinavit,  filium  Almaniae  rej^is  omnimodo 
respuendo.  Cernens  itaque  Almaniae  regis  filius  se  pudorose 
ab  Helgunda  abjectum,  et  Walteruni  in  amoris  alveolum  esse 
subrogatum,  nimio  zelo  contra  Walterum  accensus,  ad  patrem 
rediens  omnia  navigia  Reni  fluminis  occupat,  ac  ne  aliquis  cum 
/  virgine  nisi  marcam  aur^  pro  navigio  exsolvat,  custodiri  sollicite 

committit.  Tracto  igitur  temporis  spatio,  Walterus  cum  Hel- 
gunda oportunitatem  fugiendi  captant,  captamque  inveniunt,  et 
adveniente  die  optato  aufugiunt.     Sed   postquam   ripam   Reni 

/  fluminis  optate  perveniunt,   nautae  marcam   auri   pro   navigio 

exposcunt,  receptamque,  quousque  filius  regis  Almaniae  adveniat, 
transmeare  contradicunt.  Ille  autem,  sentiens  ex  mora  pericu- 
lum,  mox  bucephalum  conscendit,  et  Helgundam  retro  se 
conscendere  jubet,  fluvium  insiliens,  sagitta  velocius  pertransit. 
Et  cum  aliquantisper  a  fluvio  Reno  viam  peregisset,  audis 
clamorem  post  terga  Almani,  ipsum  insequentis  et  voce  prae- 
cognita  dicentis :  '  O  perfide !  tam  cum  filia  regis  clam  aufijgisti, 
et,  pedagio  non  soluto,  Renum  transmeasti  ?  siste  gradum,  siste 
ut  ineam  singulare  certamen,  et  qui  victor  exstiterit,  victor 
existens,  equum  et  arma  ac  Helgundam  retinebit.'  Cujus 
clamoribus  Walterus  intrepide  respondens,  ait :  falsum  est  quod 
loqueris  nam  marcam  auri  nautis  tribueram,  et  filiam  regis  non 
vi  raptam  sed  ultronee  me  sequi  volentem  mihi  sociavi.  Et  his 
dictis  alter  alterum  lanceis  animose  impellit.  Quibus  con- 
fi'actis,  ensium  ictibus  pugnant,  et  viriliter  vires  exaptant.  Et 
quia  Almano  Helgundam  ex  opposito  positam  repraesentabat 
aspectus,  idcirco  ejus  aspectibus  hilariter  confortatus  Walterum 
retrorne coegit,  quousque  retroiens  Helgundam  conspexit.  Quam 
conspiciens,  tam  pudore  incredibili  persistit  quam  ejus  amore 
nimio  succensus,  viribus  resumptis,  Almanum  fortiter  impetit,  et 
ipsum  protinus  occidit.     Cujus  equo  et  armis  receptis,  itinere 

y  capto   ad    propria   remeat,    laeti    honoris    triumpho   duplicitiAr 

trabeatus.  Qui  ad  castrum  Tinecense  veniens  prosperis  itineris 
successibus  feliciter  peractis,  aliquanto  tempore  medicandi  gratia 


IV^  L  /HER  OF  A  Q  U I  TA  INE.  107 

quieti  indulsit,  ubi  ex  querelis  suorum  intellexit  Wyslaum  de- 
coruiii,  principem  Wyslicicnsem,  in  sui  al)sentia  suis  ciuasdam 
injurias  irrogasse.  Quas  grave  ad  aninium  revocans,  causa 
ulciscendi  contra  Wyslaum  insurgit,  et  tandem  cum  eo  confligit,  '  ^^ 
x'incit,  victumque,  ut  praemissum  est,  in  profunde  turris  castri 
Tinecensis  custodiae  carcerali  deputat  mancupatum. 

Postaliquam  5  vero  temporisrevolutionem  ad  exercendys  actus  /  ^ 
bellicos,  more  militantium  peragendos,  remotas  peragrat  regiones. 
Et  cum  duorum  annorum  ejus  absentiae  circulus  jam  revolvisset,  . 
Helgunda  de  mariti  absentia  nimium  ai/xiata,  cuidam  puellae,  / 
s:bi  secretariae,  vultu  submisso  referre  fit  compulsa,  asserens,  nee 
viduas  nee  maritatas  esse,  reputans  illas,  quae  viris  strenuis  et 
bellorum  certamina  indagantibus  matrimonialiter  commiscentur. 
Secretaria  vei'o,  dominae  suae  luctuosam  inopiam,  pro  qualitate 
temporis  perpessam,  pudore  proditionali  protinus  abjecto, 
cupiens  revelare,  Wyslaum  principem  Wysliciae,  formae  ele- 
gantissimae  et  corpore  venustum,  in  aspectu  decorum,  in  turri 
nunciat  mancipatum  ;  suadetque  misera,  ut  ipsum  de  turri,  noctis 
sub  silencio,  extrahi  jubeat,  et  \'otivis  amplexibus  debriata,  ad 
imma  turris  iterum  caute  remittat.  Favet  ilia  suasionibus 
secretariae,  et  periculosis  eventibus  angustiata,  vitam  et  famam 
honoris  exponere  non  metuens,  Wyslaum  de  immo  carceris 
extrahi  praecipit.  Ejus  viso  decoris  aspectu  nimium  admirans, 
laetabunda  efficitur,  nee  ipsum  amodo  ad  imma  turris  mittere,  sed 
cum  ipso  potius,  cui  jam  sodalitio  foedere  sociata  et  indissolubili 
amoris  vinculo  compaginata  est,  ad  urbeni  Wyslicicnsem  fugam 
inire  elegit,  proprii  viri  thoro  prorsus  derelicto.  Sic  Wyslaus  ad 
propria  remeat,  duplicem  se  sperans  habere  triumphum :  qui 
tamen  in  eventu  dubio  utrique  necis  apportabat  interitum.  Nam 
post  revolutionem  brevis  temporis,  Walterus  ad  propria  rediens, 
a  castrensibus  sciscitatur,  cur  Helgunda  saltern  ad  valvas  castri 
sibi  non  occurrit  in  suo  jucundo  adventu?  A  quibus  cum 
didicisset,  qualiter  Wyslaus  de  immo  turris,  custodum  firetus 
auxilio,  exsiliens,  Helgundam  secum  asportasset,  ipse  nimio  zelo 
furoris  repletus,  versus  Wysliciam  festine  properat,  casibus 
fortuitis  se  et  sua  exponere  non  pavescens,  urbemque  Wyslici- 
cnsem insperate  ingreditur,  W^yslao  protunc  extra  urbem 
venationi  insistente. 

Quern  ^  Helgunda  in  urbem  conspiciens,  ei  festine  occurrit  et 

5  ii  has  the  heading — Quomodo  Helgunda — respuit  \'alterum. — 6  ii 
has  the  heading — Quomodo  Helgunda  decepit  Valterum. 


1 08  IVA  L  TH  ER  OF  A  O  U  ITA  INE. 

prona  cadens  in  terram  de  Wyslao,  quod  ipsam  violenter 
rapuerat,  lamentabiliter  querulatur ;  suadens  Waltere  ut  ad 
secretiora  habitaculi  ejus  ascendat,  spondens  Wyslaum  ejusdem 
nutui  subito  tenendum  praesentare.  Credit  ille  deceptrici,  et 
deceptivis  suasionibus  circumseptus,  habitaculum  firmum  in- 
greditur,  in  quo  Wyslao  per  deceptricem  captus  praesentatur. 
Gaudet  itaque  Wyslaus  et  Helgunda,  jocosis  plausibus  operam 
dantes  de  successu  prospero  feliciter  triplicate ;  gaudii  extrenia 
niinime  perpendentes,  quos  frequenter  luctus  mortis  occupari 
consuevit.  Hunc  ergo  non  carcerali  custodia  teneri  voluit,  sed 
plus  quam  carceris  squaloris  coangustari  decrevit.  Fecit  namque 
illum  ad  parieteni  coenaculi  vinctum  bogis  ferreis,  extensis  niani- 
bus,  collo  et  pedibus  fortiter  erectum,  alligari.  In  quo  coenaculo 
Stratum  sibi  parari  jussit,  ubi  aestivo  tempore  cum  Helgunda 
infra  meridiem  delectationes  venereas  exercentes  quiescebant. 

Habebat  ^  autem  Wyslaus  quandam  sororem  germ  änam,  quam 
ob  despicabilitatem  ipsius  nemo  cupiebat  in  uxoreni.  Cujus 
custodiae  Wyslaus  prae  caeteris  custodibus  Walteri  plus  con- 
fidebat.  Haec  Walteri  afflictionibus  nimium  compatiens  ipsum, 
pudore  puellari  prorsus  semoto,  a  Waltero  percontatur,  si  ipsam 
habere  vellet  in  uxorem,  si  suae  calamitati  subveniret,  a  vinculis 
liberando  ?  Spondet  ille  et  juramento  confirm  at,  quod  eam 
maritali  aftectione,  quoad  vixerit,  pertractet  et  contra  Wyslaum 
fratrem  ejusdem  gladio  suo,  iit  eadem  optaverat,  numquam 
dimicabit.  Hortaturque  eam,  ut  ensem  suum  a  fratris  cubiculo 
subtrahat,  et  ipsum  apportet,  ut  cum  ipso  vincula  dirumpat. 
Quae  mox,  ense  apportato,  clavem  cujuslibet  bogae  seu  ferreae 
ligatLirae  in  parte  extrema,  ut  Walterus  jusserat,  de  ense  praecidit, 
ensemque  inter  dorsum  Walteri  et  parietem  reposuit,  ut  temporis 
opportunitate  captata  securius  possit  abscedere.  Qui  usque  in 
crastinum  hora  meridiei  exspectatur,  et  Wyslaus  cum  Helgunda 
jocosis  amplexibus  in  lecto  coenaculi  dum  uterentur,  Walterus 
contra  morem  eos  alloquitur,  dicens : 

'  Qualiterne  ^  vobis  videretur  esse,  si  ego  solutus  a  vinculis  en- 
sem meum  stridentem  in  manibus  gestans,  ante  lectulum  vestrum 
conspicerer  vindictam  de  commissis  inferre  minando.'  Ad  cujus 
dictum  Helgundae  cor  contabuit,  et  tremebunda  Wyslao  dixit: 

7  ii  has  the  heading — Quomodo  VaUerus  a  captivitate  sive  vicuHs 
Hberatur. — 8  ii  heading — Quomodo  VaUerus  Helgundam  cum  suo 
amaio  cecidit. 


WALTHER  OF  AQUITAINE.  109 

'  \  ae  domine  !  ensem  suum  in  cubiculo  nostro  non  reperi,  et  tuis 
affcctibus  intenta  oblita  sum  revelare.'  Ad  quod  Wyslaus : 
•  etiamsi  decem  ensibus  fulciretur,  bog^as  ferreas  rumpere,  absque 
fabrorum  industria,  non  \'aleret.'  Ipsis  sie  inter  se  confabulantibus, 
Walterus,  liber  a  vinculis,  saliens,  ense  vibrato,  ante  leclulum 
Stare  conspicitur,  et  mox,  datis  improperiis,  manum  cum  ense  in 
altum  erigens,  ipsius  ensem  in  ambos  cadere  permittit ;  qui 
cadens  utrosque  per  medium  scidit.  Sic  uterque  eorum  detesta- 
bilem  vitam  miserabiliori  fine  conclusit.  Hujus  itaque  Helgundae 
sepulcrum  in  castro  Wyslicensi  omnibus  cernere  cupientibus  in 
petra  excisum,  usque  ad  praesens  demonstratur. 

Huic9  ergo  urbi  munitissimae  Boleslaus  rex  illum  Pannonium, 
putativum  exulem,  quem  non  ut  profugam  sed  ut  patriae  alum- 
num  benigne  susceperat  et  caritativo  modo  pertractans,  praefec- 
tivo  officio  gratiosissime  insignivit. 

9  ii  hie  redit  ad  propositum. 


XV. 

B.  PAPROKCL* 

T  X  TALCERA  hrabie  z  Tyiica  wspominają  historye:  jako  An- 
*  *  dreas  de  Zarnow,  wszakoż  dowodniej  Anonimos,  to  jest 
historyk,  który  kronikę  polska,  łacińskim  jeżykiem  pisana,  krom 
podpisu  imienia  swego  zostawił,  etc, — dla  tego,  że  byl  uniósł 
królewnę  francuzka  imieniem  Heligundć,  tym  sposobem :  Slużac 
albo  sie  bawiąc  w  postronnych  krainach,  dla  przejrzenia  spraw 
rycerskich,  bedac  mężem  urodziwym  i  roztropnym,  przypatrowal 
sie  na  dworze  króla  francuzkiego  porządkowi.  Tam  bedac, 
okazowa!  sie  znacznym  i  w  każdej  potrzebie  nad  inne  rycerstwo 
fortunniejseym,  tak,  że  go  onos  zczeście  wielkiej  sławy  człowie- 
kiem rozniosło.  Na  tegoż  króla  dworze,  było  ksiaże  które  on 
krółewicem  niemieckim  mianuje,  imieniem  Arinaldus,  który  sió 
starał  o  one  królewnś,  ale  go  sama  panna  wzgardzala.  Wałcerus 
przed  nim  miał  u  niej  wielka  łaskś,  co  bacząc,  zabawił  sie  służba 
króla  ojca  jej,  który  mu  zaraz  dać  kazał  urząd  u  stołu,  jesliż 
podezastwo,  albo  misę  stawiać,  tego  nie  miarmje.  Tam  mn  sie  ona 
panna  pilnie  przypatrując,  wielka  ch6ć  i  uprzejmość  serdeczna 
k'  niemu  pryłożyla.  Co  on  jawnie  znając,  chcąc  ja  jeszcze  więcej 
do  miłości  przeciwko  sobie  przyciągnąć,  szedł  w  nocy  pod  pokoje 
jej,  śpiewał  i  grał  na  łut  nijako  mógł  napiekniej.  Co  usłyszawszy 
Heligunda,  z  łóżka  wstawszy,  szła  do  okna,  słuchała  tak  długo, 
póki  Wałcerus  nie  odszedł,  wszakoż  ktoby  to  był  taki,  nie 
wiedziała.  A  Wałcerus  z  razu  nieclicial  sie  jej  w  tem  objawiać, 
owszejki  jeszcze  stróże  przenajal,  aby  tego  nikomu  nie  objawiali. 
A  gdy  to  drugiej  i  trzeciej  nocy  uczynił,  pannę  onś  do  tego 
zniewolił,  że  go  bezmiernie  miłowała,  posłała  sobie  po  straż,  a 
ktoby  to  u  niej  pod  pokojem  grał,  pytała.  Powiedzieli :  Nie 
wiemy,  ani  znamy,  bo  tak  nieznacznie  twarz  nakrywszy  chodził. 
Ale  panna  chciała  koniecznie  wiedzieć  od  nich,  ktoby  to  byl  taki. 
Wczem  gdy  stróże  byli  uporni,  ona  ich  do  wiezienia  wsadzie 

*"  Herby  rycerstwa  polskiego,''     Krakow,  1858.  410.  pp.  59-61. 

In  order  to  facilitate  printing,  ä,  6,  l=Polish  ą,  e,  ł  respectively. 


U\i  1.  TH  ER  OF  A  Q  U  ITA  INE.  1 1 1 

kazała  i  na  gardle  karać  chciała.  Potem  z  bojaźni  wyznali  a 
wydali  Walcera,  który  siś  o  to  na  nic  nie  frasował.  Heligunda 
już  z  myślii  rozdwojona  była,  nie  wiedząc  kogo  miafa  wićcej 
miłować,  jeśli  Walcera,  którego  osobę  znała,  jesłiż  onego,  którego 
glos  tylko  słyszała,  a  coby  zacz  był,  nie  wiedząc.  A  dowiedziaw- 
szy sie,  iż  to  już  on  byl,  którego  w  myśli  serdecznej  miafa, 
poczęła  go  dopiero  zapaczliwiej  (sic)  miłować,  a  potem  do  siebie 
na  pokój  wzywać.  A  gdy  onycłi  rozmów  przez  kilka  czasów  z 
sobą  używali,  umyśliła  z  nim  potajemnie  zjecliać.  Czego  Ni^miće  ^  |  <2.  V 
postrzegl,  jednak  miłując  one  pannę  bezmiernie,  nie  wydal  jej  i 
Walcera  w  tycłi  sprawach,  a  to  wiedząc,  że  przez  jego  państwo 
jechać  mieli,  był  tego  pewien,  że  Heligundy  mógł  latwie  dostać, 
a  ucieszywszy  sie  w  miłości,  onć  niechęć  jej  przeciwko  sobie 
oddać.  Atak  naprzód  jachal  do  domu,  zakazał  na  przewozie, 
aby  mu  przewoźnicy  znać  dawali,  kiedyby  kto  z  panna  od 
Francyi  jechał,  k'temu  aby  go  dłużej  zabawili,  rozkazał,  aby  od 
takiego  nie  brali  mniej  za  przewóz,  jedno  grzywnę  złota, 
rozumiejąc  to  o  Wałcerze,  żeby  siś  z  nimi  miał  o  tak  nieprzystojny 
przewóz  targować.  Walcerus  upatrzywszy  czas,  zjechał  z  panna 
do  Polski.  A  gdy  na  rzece  Renie  przewozić  sie  miał  w  państwie 
krółewica  onej;o,  z  tukiem  przewoźnikom  rozkazał,  aby  go  co 
prędzej  wozili.  Którzy  z  przełeknienia  zapomnieli  rozkazania 
pana  swojego,  wszakoż  tego  nie  zapomnieli,  co  za  przewóz  wziąć 
mieli. 

Walcerus  dawszy  im  to  co  mu  zacewili,  precoz  jechał.  Oni 
dopiero  wspomniawszy,  znać  dali  o  nim  panu  swemu.  Krolewic 
bedac  żałosny  dla  despektu  i  dla  miłości  na  sercu  niespokojonćj, 
puscilsie  po  nim  prędko  sam,  ufając  szcseściu,  że  go  miał 
przewodź.    A  gdy  go  z  dalska  rajżrzał,  wolał  nań  :     Stój  zdrajco,  i    — 

przewozuś  nie  zapłacił  i  królewskas  córkę  ukradł !  Na  co  mu 
Walcerus  obróciwszy  sie  odpowiedział:  Złe  mówisz,  przewozem 
zapłacił,  a  królewska  córka  sama  ze  mnii  dobrowolnie  jedzie. 
Potem  sie  zjechawszy,  rzekli  sobie  o  pannę  z  sobą  czynić,  a 
któryby  którego  zabił,  miał  wszystkie  rzezy  przespiecznie  pobrać 
i  dobrowolnie  przeć  jachać.  Wtem  acz  krółcwicowi  zbytnia 
miłość  serca  dodawała,  wszakoż  go  Walcerus  zabił.  Przyjechał 
(^  potem  na  zamek  swój  Tyniće.  Tam  pomieszkawszy,  o  wielkie 
kszywdy  skarżyli  mu  sie  poddani  na  Wiśłimiera  opiekuna  ma- 
jętności jego.  A  tego  Wiśłimiera  opowiada  ksiażeciem  wiś- 
lickim, z   narodu  jeszcze   Popielowego ;  ten  byl  w  niebytności 


112  WAL  TH  ER  OF  AQ  U  ITA  INE. 

\  j  Walcerowcj  wielkim  zdzierca  poddanych  jego.  O  co  z  nim 
I  '  naprzód  Walcerus  łaskawie  mówił,  a  potem  gdy  sie  im  i  jemu 
z  wszy  usprawiedliwić  niechcial,  on  go  pojmą  pszywiózl  na  Tynic 
i  do  wieże  wsadził.  Sam  potem  kwoli  królowi  albo  monarsze  na 
slużbć  żołnierska  jachal,  zostawiwszy  Heligunde  na  Tyńcu, 
która  była  bardzo  żałosna  z  odjechania  jego.  Wszakoż  gdy  w 
wielkim  dostatku  chwilć  była  bez  Walcera,  poczęła  sie  przed 
panna  swoja  uskarżać  mówiąc :  Żem  ja  ani  dziewka,  ani  wdowa, 
etc.  Panna  ona  żałując  pani,  powiedziała  jej  :  żc|  tu  jest  wię- 
zień urodziwy,  bedziemyć  go  na  noc  wypuszczać  do  protochwile, 
a  na  dzień  go  bedziem  do  wiezienia  sadzać,  tak  że  tego  żaden 
nie  postrzeże.  Owa  namówiwszy  sie  to  wczyniły,  stróże  co  go 
strzegli  przenajawszy.  Heligunda  obaczywszy  Wiślimiera  mę- 
ża urodziwego,  nie  chciała  go  więcej  dać  do  wiezienia,  owszejki 
dowiedziawszy  sie  co  zacz  byl  zjechała  z  nim  na  Wiślice.  Wtem 
przyjechał  Walcerus,  pytał,  czemu  Heligunda  przeciw  jemu  nie 
wyszła,  jako  to  zwykła  czynić.  Powiedzieli  sludry,  ze  jej  nie 
masz.  Dowiedziawszy  sie  wszystkiej  sprawy,  jachal  do  Wiślice, 
zastał  tylko  same  Heligunde,  a  Wiślimier  w  łowy  był  zajachal. 
Upadla  mu  u  nóg,  prosząc  laski  i  miłosierdzia,  a  prosząc 
^-l  aby  sie  schzonil  do  ko  komozy  jego,  i  sługom  sie  także 
schronić  kazał,  a  ona  mu  go  wydać  obiecała,  aby  sie  nad  nim 
pomścił  krzywdy  swojej.  A  gdy  on  tak  uczynił,  Wiś- 
limier przyjechał,  ona  wybieżawszy  powiedziała  mu  o  Walcerze, 
kędy  go  skryła.  On  go  zatem  z  sługami  nabieżawszy,  pojmał  i 
wsadził  do  wiezienia,  potem  nań  włożył  okowy  jakie  rozumiał 
najtęższe,  k'temu  jeszcze  do  muru  przykować  dal,  a  nie  rozumie- 
jąc sobie  wierniejszego  stróża  i  przyjaciela  do  tego,  siostrze 
swojej  rodzonej  oddal  klucze  od  niego,  coby  z  wiadomuścia  jej 
tylko  w  onej  komorze  tak  go  w  pecie  na  potrzebę  wypuszczano. 
W  czem  ona  panna  przez  kilka  czasów  wiarś  bratu  swojemu 
strzymala  statecznie.  Potem  ulitowawszy  sie  Walcera,  z  mowę  z 
nim  tajemnie  uczyniła,  jeśliby  ja  chciał  sobie  wziąć  za  żonę, 
rzekła  go  z  wiezienia  wypuścić ;  a  była  ta  panna  Rynga  tak 
żadna  (brzydka),  że  jej  żaden  człowiek  równy  jej  w  zacności  nie 
chciał  do  stanu  małżeńskiego.  Co  Walcerus  uczynił,  chcąc  być 
•  wołen  z  wiecznego  a  okrutnego  wiezienia,  bo  siedział  na 
żelezie  nakształt  wola  uczynionem,  a  jeszcze  do  tego  w  oko- 
wach. A  gdy  już  t6  zmowę  z  sobą  mieli,  panna  Rynga 
wolnym    go    uczyniła    i    nńccza   dodała;    wszakoż    on   siedział 


WALTHER  OF  AQCITAINE.         '  113 

na  onem  żelezie,  jakoby  niewolny.  A  <^6.y  Wiślimier  z 
Heligundii  według  zwyczaju  szli  sie  przelewać,  rzeki  do  nich 
Walcerus :  "  Kiedybym  ja  też  teraz  nad  wami  poms'cil  sie 
krzywdy  swojej  "? — Poczśla  sob.1  Heligunda  trwożyć  ala  Wiśli- 
mier ja  upominał,  a  rzeki  do  Walcera  :  "Już  ci  odpuszczę,  chocia 
mie  i  zabijesz  " — a  to  dla  tego  mówił,  że  ufał  wierności  siostry 
swojej. 

Dla  wietszego  żalu  Walcerowego,  nczynil  mu  byl  z  onego 
sklepu  jego  okno  -do  pokoju  swego,  że  na  czas  każdy  na  nie 
patrzał,  kiedy  z  sobä  żartowali.  A  gdy  po  onych  rozmowach 
Wiślimier  z  Heligunda  tak  sie  zabawili  przespiecznie,  że  Wal- 
cerus czas  miał  do  pomszczenia  krzywdy,  skoczył  prędko  z 
onego  wolu,  przypadłszy  oboje  mieczem  ku  ziemi  na  łożu  przebił, 
potem  sam  wolno  z  Ryngä  na  Tyniec  wjachal,  wszystkie  skarby 
pobrawszy  co  ona  panna  tak  sprawowała,  że  słudzy  Wiślimierowi 
tego  nie  postrzegli  iże  pan  ich  zabił,  aż  na  Tyniec  odwieźli  one 
wszystkie  rzeczy,  a  Walcera  chodząc  wolnego  oglądali. 

Tej  Heligundy  ciało  tam  w  Wiślicy  schowano  i  twarz  na 
kamieniu  wj'ciosano,  która  była  w  roku  1242  na  zamku,  czego 
potwierdza  Andreas  de  Zarnow.  Ale  ten  pomieniony  historyk, 
Walcera,  dowodnie  opowiada  z  domu  Toporów,  jakoż  tego 
potwierdzają  pewne  żaki,  że  Tyniec  ze  wszystka  włością  byl  tej 
familii  Toporów.  Bo  tam  gdy  na  gwałt  wołają  we  wsiach 
starodawnych  Tyńcowi  należących,  tedy  krzyczą:  Starzą !  starzą ! 
albo  :  Stary  koń  !  stary  koń  !  a  te  familie  obie  z  wieka  dawnego 
jednej  sä  dzielnice,  o  czem  niżej  czytać  iDedziesz. 


XVI. 
M.    BIELSKI.* 

/^  tej  Wiślicy  pisza,  że  kiedyś  to  miasto  było  barzo  budowne  i 
^^  obronne  (jakoż  ma  miejsce  po  temu),  ale  natenczas  było 
przez  Ruś  z  gruntu  zburzone.  Pisza  i  to  o  niem  zwłaszcza 
Anonimos  jeden,  że  tam  było  niejakie  ksiaże,  Wisław,  a  tego 
grabią  niejaki  z  Tyńca,  który  był  z  domu  Toporów,  poimal  i  u 
siebie  więził,  którego  użaliwszy  sie  jednego  czasu  żona  jego  w 
niebytności  męża  .swego  z  wieży  wyciagnśła.  A  ta  była  Fran- 
cuska, jednego  francuskiego  króła  córka,  imię  jej  było  Hełigunda, 
do  której  grabią  z  Tyńca  Wałcer  tym  sposobem  przyszedł : 
B6däc  na  dworze  króła  francuskiego  upodobała  go  była  sobie  ta 
panna,  a  gdy  jej  ojciec  zań  dać  nie  cłiciał,  że  to  był  cudzoziemiec, 
nabrawszy  z  niä  klejnotów  i  skarbów  zjecliałi  potajemnie  w  nocy. 
Czego  mu  zajrzał  Niemiec  jeden,  co  tej  pannie  też  rad  służył,  gonił 
go  i  czynił  z  nim  o  pannę,  jednak  zabit  Niemiec  a  Wałcer  i  z 
królewna  do  Polski  przyjecłial.  Ta  tedy,  jako  sie  raz  dala  wziąć 
jednemu,  dala  sie  wziąć  potem  i  drugiemu,  zjecliala  także  z  tym 
Wisławem  wiślickim  ksiazeciem,  gdy  męża  jej  doma  nie  było 
dwie  lecie,  bo  jako  sie  był  zwykł  przedtem  służbami  bawić,  tak  i 
ożeniwszy  sie  siedzieć  go  było  doma  teszno.  Potem  gdy 
przyjechał  do  domu,  dziwował  sie  temu  barzo,  że  żona  przeciwko 
jemu  nie  wyszła,  która  była  zawżdy  zwykła  to  uczynić;  spyta  o 
nia,  powiedzä  mu,  że  z  ksieżćciem  wiślickim  precz  zjechała ;  ż 
wielkiego  gniewu  zaraz  do  Wiślice  bieżał,  chcąc  jako  prćdko  i 
niespodziewanie  zbieżeć  Wisława  i  zemścić  sić  tego  nad  nim,  by 
mu  też  tam  i  gardło  dać.  Wisława  natenczas  doma  nie  było,  w 
lowiech  byl,  ale  żona  wyżrzawszy  oknem  użrzy  go  z  strafunku  i 
zbieży  prędko  do  niego,  i  obimała  jako  mśża  swego,  skarżac  si^ 
z  płaczem  przed  nim,  iże  ja  gwałtem  wzial;  i  aby  sie  tego  nad 
nim  zemścił,  radzi  mu  aby  sie  do  komory  na  chwile  skrył,  a  gdy 
bśdzłe  czas  po  temu,  da  mu  znać,  aby  go  mogl  tśm  łatwiej 
zdrajcę  swego  pożyć  i  z  niä  bezpieczniej  usć.    Uwierzył  nieborak. 


*"  Kronika,"  tom  i,  p.  175-177,  wyd.  Turowskiego.  Sanok  1856.  8vo. 


/rW  /.  TH  ER  OF  AQ  Ul  TA  INE.  1 1 5 

A  gdy  Wisław  przyjechał,  ukazała  mu  Walcera  męża  swego, 
którego  011  poima  wszy,  kazał  tak  dobrze  żełazem  opatrzyć,  że 
niepodobna  rzecz,  aby  miał  kiedy  wyniść.  Ktemu  na  żałość 
wićksza  kazał  go  wkunś  sadzać  tam,  k^dy  z  Hełigunda  łegal.  A 
straż  nad  ilnin  siestrze  złecil,  która  jeszcze  ł:)yla  panna,  bo  że  na 
dziwy  była  szpetna,  nikt  jej  pojąć  nie  cłiciał.  Jal  ja  tedy  sobie 
namawiać  po  cicliu  on  grabią,  obiecując  ja  pojąć  i  z  niä  mieszkać 
dobrze  do  śmierci,  by  tyłko  z  wiezienia  wyszedł,  co  gdy  jej 
poprzysirigl,  odemknęła  go  i  miecz  z  głowy  wyjąwszy  bratu,  gdy 
spal,  onemu  go  dala.  Także  gdy  sie  ocuci  Wisław  i  z  swoja 
Hełigunda,  rzecze  do  nicli  Walcer  grat^ia :  Cobyście  wy  też 
rzekli,  kiedybym  ja  te  peta  i  kunę  złamawszy  was  pozabijał  ? 
Zlśknie  sie  zaraz  Hełigunda  i  do  ksiażecia  Wisława  poszeptem 
rzecze  :  Miły  !  wiereć  broni  twej  w  głowach  niemasz.  Odpowie 
jej  Wisław:  Nie  boj  sie  mila!  trudnoćby  mu  te  kłódki  otworzyć 
i  t6  kunć  złamać.  On  tego  domawia,  a  Walcer  grabią  z  mie- 
czem gołym  do  nich  prosto  skoczy  tak,  że  ich  obu  wespół  prze- 
bił a  żalu  i  despektu  swego  znacznie  sie  zemścił.  Pisze  historyk, 
że  tam  jeszcze  za  jego  czasu  był  grób  tej  Hełigundy  w  Wiślicy 
na  zamku. 


XVII. 
X.  KASPER  NIESIECKI,*  S.  J. 

TOPOR    HERB. — PRZODKOWIE    TEGO    DOMU. 

T  7[  TALCER  Hrabia  z  Tyńca,  o  którym  pisze  Bielski  fol :   109 
*^  *       y  Andreas  de  Zarnow,  Paprocki  Okolski.     Ten  długo  sie 
bawiäc  w  postronnych  kraiach,  a  osobliwie  przyy  dworze  Króla 
Francuskiego,  widząc  ze  siś  nieiaki  Arinaldus  Xiaze  Niemieckie 
o  Królewnę  Francuzka  Heligunde  starał,  a  ta  w  przyiaźniey  iego 
nie  profitowala,  tak  sie  dla  urody  y  pięknych  obyczaiow  wkradł 
w  iey  serce,  ze  sie  dala  do  Polski  uprowadzić.     Nie  nadała  mu 
sie  iednak  kradziona  zdobycz,  bo  potym  gdy  owe  amory  ostygły, 
żyła  nieprzystoynie  z  nieiakim  Wiśłimirem,  y  owszem  Wałcera 
w  cieszkie  peta  okuła,  luboć  on  potym  z  tey  niewoli  wyszedł,  y 
tak  Wiślimira  iako  y  Heligundć  zabił,  ta  pogrzebiona  w  Wiślicy 
na  zamku,  którey  tam   twarz  na  ka  mieniu  wyciosana  widziano 
wroku  1242;  obszerniey  tś  historya  opisuie  Paprocki  o  herbach 
do  którego  Czytelnika  odsyłam,wprawdzieć  o  tey  history  i  żaden  z 
Francuzkich  historyków  nie  namienia.    Przecież  tś  samś  historya 
znaydziesz  u  Sommersberga  de  rebus  Siłesiacis  Tomó  Secundó 
fol :   37  w  historyi   y  Kronice   Bogufała   Biskupa  Poznańskiego 
szeroko   rozwiedziona,    ale    tamten    historyk,  Wałcera    nie   do 
Familii  Topor  ale  do  popielą  niegdy  Xiäzecia  Polskiego  nadciąga, 
którego  tu  słowa  klade  :  Erat  temporibus  iłlis  Urbs  famosissima, 
murorurum  altitudine  circumsepta,  nomine  Wislicia,  cujus  olim 
Princeps  tempore  Paganismi  fuerat  Wislaus  decorus,  qui  ipse  de 
stirpe  Regis  Popełi  duxerat  originem.     Hunc  quidam  Comes, 
etiam  stłrpis  ejusdem,  ut  fertur,  fortis  viribus,  nomine  Walterus 
robustus,  qui   in   Polonico  vocabatur :  Wdały   Walgers  :    liuius 
Castrum  Tyneg  prope  Cracoviam  ubi  nunc  Abbatia  Sti.     Bene- 
dict! per  Casimirum  Monachum,  Regem  Polonorum  seu  Lechi- 
tarum,  fundata  consistit,  in  quodam  seditioso  conflictu  captivave- 

*Korona  Polska  prry  złotej  wolności  starożytnemi  rycerstwa  polskiego  y  Wielkiego  Xiäs- 
twa  Litewskiego  kleynotami,  naywyzszemi  honorami,  heroicznym  męstwem  y  odwaga, 
wytworna  nauka,  a  naypierwey  cnota,  poboinościa  y  swidtobliwościa  ozdobiona.  Tom 
czwarty.     1743  Lwów.  fol.  p.  365-367. 


ir.-i/.  ■////■: A'  OF  AQUITAINE. 


117 


nit,    captunuiue    in    vincula    conjecit,   ac    in    profuncio    Turris 
Tinecensis  niu-ac  custodiae  dcputaverat  tenendum. 

Ale  i  Baranowski  dobrze  uważa,  że  ieżeli  ta  o  Heli^undzie 
powieść  iest  prawdziwa,  tedy  to  musiało  bydź  ieszcze  za  Po- 
gaństwa, ponieważ  Tyniec  w  roku  1044,  iuz  był  w  reku  królew- 
skich, kiedy  Król  Kazimierz  Mnich  fundował  tam  klasztor,  a 
zatym  musieli  mieć  Królowie  Polscy  dawniey  przed  tym  na 
Tyńcu  władza.  Paprocki  w  te  słowa  o  Tyńcu  pisze  z  Jcdrzcia 
de  Zarnow. 


XVIII. 
PROCOSIUS.* 

CHRONICON    SLAVO-SARMATICUM. 
P.    109. 

TĄ rALGIERZ  cognomine  Wdaly,  frater  major  natu  Zbiludi, 
*  '  dominus  in  Tyniec,  qui  postea  profectus  in  Franciam 
Reginulam  Heligundam  inde  abduxit,  quae  multarum  discordi- 
arum  cum  Wislomiro  Chostek,  Domino  in  Wiślica,  causa  extitit. 
Tres  item  filii  ipsius  Paluca  alias  Wittoslaw  in  baptismo  nomina- 
tus,  Starzą  ex  Heligunda  et  Fabian  ex  Rynga  progeniti. 

P.   I28f. 

Walgerus  Starżon  de  Panigrod  Wdaly  id  est  udatny  alio  dictus 
vocabulo.  Smilae  herois  minor  natus  filius,  in  Preginia,  Tenczyn, 
Tyneg,  Czekarzewice,  Tarlow  etc.  dominus  a.  975.  denatus : 
heros  in  Lechisis  multis  Celebris  historiis,  qui  vix  non  universas 
lustravit  in  Europa  regiones.  Consors  fuit  Heligunda  alicujus  ex 
regibus  Galliae  reguli  filia,  pro  qua  magnas  habuit  contentiones 
cum  Vislimiro  duce  ex  gente  Popieli  suo  consanguineo. 


*  The  text  is  reprinted  from  Heinzel,  '  Walthersage,'  S.  59. 


XIX. 
K.  W.  WÓJCICKI.* 

The  saga  i.s  introduced  thus: 

Przytoczyli.'my  to  podanie  Serbów  na  dowód,  że  niebrakuje  tego 
rodzaju  powieści  i  w  innych  pokoleniacli  wielkiego  szczepu  Slowian. 
Trojan  w  mgle  wieków  tak  odbija,  Jak  nasze  Waligóry  i  IMadeJe. 

Z  wielkiej  liczby  klechdów  starożytnych,  kronikarze  jednć  nam 
przechowali  ze  Słowiańskich  czasów.  Słuchajmy  powieści,  która  nam 
Baszko,  i  zasłużony  heraldyk  Bartosz  Paprocki  opowiadają  zgodnie. 
Zapomniał  już  o  ni<JJ  lud  dzisiaj  ;  a  jednakże  dawniśj  powszechnie  w 
okolicach  Tyi'ca  i  Wiślicy  znana  była  ;  przytoczyć  ja  wiśc  muszś  jako 
ważny  i  ciekawy  pomnik  t^j  gałązki  literatury. 


T  Ą /"D  ALI  Walgerz,  albo  Walter,  hrabia,  na  Tyńcu  i  pan  zamku 
Tynieckiego,  bawiąc  sie  w  postronnych  krainach,  dla 
przejrzenia  spraw  rycerskich,  zatrzymał  sie  na  dworze  króla 
Francuzkieg-o.  Maż  urodziwy,  odwagi  i  zrśczności  niepośledniej, 
w  gonitwach  i  turniejach  pierwszy  dank  odnosił,  i  oczy  wszyst- 
kich zwrócił  na  siebie,  szczególniej  córki  królewskiej  imieniem 
Helg^undy.  Dla  niśj  przyjął  urząd  podczaszego ;  a  gdy  misy 
stawiał  na  stole,  uważał  z  jakiśm  zajęciem  wpatrywała  sie  w  jego 
oblicze,  jak  oczyma  ścigała  każde  poruszenie  dorodnego 
dworzanina. 

Byl  na  tymże  dworze  Arinaldus,  królewicz  Niemiecki.  Ten 
rozkochany  w  Helgundzie  jakkolwiek  wzgardy  doznawał,  ciągłe 
gorzał  namiętna  miłością.  Wałgerz  dla  ujęcia  sobie  wiecćj 
nadobnej  krółewnej,  przekupiwszy  stróże  zamkowe,  codziennie 
podchodził  pod  jej  okna,  i  głosem  miłym  i  dźwięcznym  śpiewał 
dumy  smutne. 

Hełgunda  zbudzona,  zachwycona  śpiewem  niewidomego  tru- 
badura, przywołać  rozkazała  strażników  zamku,  ażeby  jej  wyja- 
wili nocnego  śpiewaka.  Gdy  ci  przekupieni,  nieclicieli  wyznać 
prawdy,  tlumaczäc  siś,  że  z  zakrytym  obliczem  przychodzi : 
królewna  śmiercią  im  zagroziwszy,  zmusiła  do  wydania  Wal- 


*  Klechdy  starożytne  Podania  i  Powieści  Ludowe.     Warszawa  1851,  p.  32-43. 


I20  WALTHER  OF  AUQITAINE. 

gerza,  "  Poczćla  go  dopiero  zapalczywiej  miłować,  a  potem  i  do 
siebie  na  pokój  wzywać'  *  Tam  postanowiła,  widząc  przeszkody 
od  ojca,  uciec  z  Walgerzem  do  Polski. 

Ale  zazdrozny  Arinald  wywiedział  si6  tajemnicy,  śpieszy  do 
swego  królestwa,  przez  które  musiał  Walgerz  powracać,  i  na 
Renie  zakazawszy  przewoźnikom,  aby  mniej  nie  brali  jak 
grzywnę  złota,  starali  sie  przytśm  uciekającego  zatrzymać. 

Walgerz  z  Helgunda  wkrótce  nadbiega,  rozkazuje  surowo 
przewoźnikom,  by  go  co  prędzej  na  drugi  brzeg  wysadzili ;  a 
gdy  ci  zatrwożeni,  posłuszni  Walgerzowi,  zażądali  zapłaty,  ten 
rzuca  złoto,  wpław  Ren  przebywa,  i  ku  Polszczę  śpieszy. 

Arinald  dowiaduje  sie,  że  Walgerz  już  Ren  przebył,  uzbraja 
si6,  co  prędzej,  dosiada  bieguna  i  dopedza  przeciwnika. 

— "  Stój  zdrajco  "  !  wolał  nań  zdaleka  :  przewozu  niezaplacileś 
i  królewska  core's  ukradł  "  ! 

— "  Kłamiesz  "  !  odwróciwszy  sie  Walgerz  odpowiedział : 
"przewóz  zapłaciłem,  a  córa  Królewska  dobrowolnie  ze  mna 
jedzie. 

Popśdliwy  Arinald  wyzywa  go  na  pojedynek,  z  warunkiem,  że 
kto  zostanie  zwycięzca,  zostanie  panem  i  Królewnej,  i  łupu 
przeciwnika. 

Rozpoczyna  sie  bójka.  Helgunda,  co  stała  za  Walgerzem, 
życząc  mu  zwycieztw^a,  była  bodźcem  Arinaldowi,  stojąc  mu  na 
oczach.  Niemiec  zagrzewany  j6j  widokiem,  parł  silnie  Walgerza, 
tak,  że  ten  cofać  sie  przymuszony,  ujrzał  przed  sobą  kocliankć, 
dla  której  bój  zacięty  toczył.  Widok  jej  zapalił  go  mocniej ; 
uderza,  obala  wroga  na  ziemie  i  bez  litości  zabija. f  Zdziera 
zbroje,  a  ze  zwyciezkim  łupem  i  królewna  powraca  do  zamku 
swojego,  Tyńca. 

Ale  zaledwie  przybył,  poddani  żalobłiwie  sie  uskarżali  na 
Wisława  pięknego,  Ksiażecia  Wiślickiego,  z  rodu  Popiela  jeszce, 
o  ciężkie  krzywdy,  jakich  doznawać  musieli.  Walgerz  gdy 
napróżno  żadal  sprawiedliwości,  rozgniewany  zbiera  swoje 
rycerstwo,  i  w  jednćj  bitwie  rozbiwszy  Wislaw^a  chorągwie, 
samego  jak  brańca  okuć  rozkazał,  i  do  wieży  wsadził  na  zamku 
Tynieckim. 

W  krotce   na   rozkaz  Króla,  Walgerz   pośpieszył   stanać   ze 

*  Własne  słowa  Bartosza  Paprockiego  z  dzieła  :    "  Herby  Rycerstwa  Polskiego." — 1584  r. 
folio . 
tGodislaw  Baszko,  Kronikarz. 


;/  w  L  TH  ER  OF  A  Q  Ul  TA  I  NE.  1 2 1 

swoim  zastępem  do  obrony  jaranie.  Helijunda  rospaczala  przy 
odjeździe  męża.  Gdy  zajęty  wyprawa  rycerskii  długo  nieprzy- 
bywal,  Helgunda  oplywajitc  we  wszelkie  dostatki  poczćfa  tśs- 
chnieć  i  zwierzyła  sie  wiernej  służebnice  z  uskarżenieni :  "  żem 
ani  dziewka,  ani  żona,  ani  też  wdowa." 

Zrozumiała  przywiązana,  a  przebiegła  służka  tśsclinice  swojej 
Pani ;  radzi  przeto,  żew  zamku  jest  wiezieii  dorodny,  co  jii  potrafi 
ukoić. 

Wprowadzono  pięknego  Widawa,  rozkutego  z  widzów,  do 
komnaty  Helgundy :  ta  zapomniawszy  poprzysiegłej  wiary  mę- 
żowi, nie  tylko  staje  se  występna;  ale  z  więźniem  do  Wis'licv 
ucieka. 

Po  skońc2onej  wyprawie  wojennej,  prz3^b)'Ava  na  Tyniec  Wał- 
g€rz,  okryty  sława  rycerska.  Lecz  zaledwie  wjechał  na  pod- 
wórzec zamkowy,  zdziwiony,  niewidzac  Helgundy,  co  zwykłe 
wybiegała  za  mury  na  powitanie  meźa,  zapytuje  służby,  dworzan 
i  czeladzi  o  powód,  i  odbiera  okropna  wiadomo.sć,  że  uciekła  z 
Wisławem. 

Uniesiony  zemsta  i  rozpacza,  sam  jeden,  w  tej  samej  zbroi 
okrytej  kurzawa,  śpieszy  do  Wiślicy.  Helgunda  była  sama, 
Wisław  na  łowy  wyjeclial.  Chytra  i  zdradziecka  niewiasta, 
wybiega  przeciw  W^algerza,  a  padając  na  kolana,  skarży  Wis- 
ława, że  ja  przemocą  uprowadził  z  Tyńca  ;  zaklina,  by  sie  ukrvl 
wskazanej  komorze,  a  wyda  mu  Wisława  dla  zaspokojenia 
sluszn6j  krzywdy. 

Usłuchał  Walgerz,  lecz  zapóino  poznał  zdradę  wiarołomnej 
żony  :  napadnięty,  przemocą  okuty  w  kajdany.  W^islaw  lękając 
śiś  by  więzień  nie  uszedł,  oddal  go  pod  straż  swojej  siostry 
Ryngi. 

Dla  większej  męczarni  Walgerza,  posadzono  go  na  żelaznym 
wole.  a  obróż  z  szyi  przybito  do  ściany.  Tak  skuty  miał  za 
wiezienie  komnatę  gdzie  w  poblizkości  Wisław  z  Helgunda  w 
oczach  więźnia  okazywali  swoja  miłość.  Walgerz  musiał  patrzeć 
na  wiarołomna  żon6  i  okrutnego  zwodzicieła  i  wroga,  lecz  nic 
niemówil,  ponure  zachowując  milczenie. 

Rynga  mając  dozór  nad  nim,  szpetna  aż  do  obrzydzenia, 
litując  Walgerza  męczarni,  a  więcej  w  nim  rozkochana,  obiecuje 
z  więzów  uwolnić  z  warunkiem,  że  ja  pojmie  za  małżonka,  a  życie 
uszanuje  brata. 

— "Przystaje,   i   przyrzekam    wszystko"!    odrzekł   Walgerz 


122  WAL  TH  ER  OF  AQ  U  ITA  INE. 

chciwy  uwolnienia:  "jeno  rozkój  mi6  z  tych  kajdan  i  podaj  mój 
oręż  niezłomny." 

Rynga  otworzyła  kłódki  kajdan  i  miecz  Walgerzowi  oddala  ; 
wisiał  on  albowiem  na  osobnej  ścianie.  Wałgerz  już  wolny, 
orśż  za  płecyma  ukrył,"  zachowując  zwyczajna  postać  bolesna, 
milcząca,  ponura. 

Hełgunda  z  Wisławem  jak  zwykle  przyszli  sie  pieścić  na 
zwyczajnem  miejscu.*  Walgierz  pierwszy  raz  do  nich  sie  odez- 
wał, przerwawszy  uporne  dotąd  milczenie. 

"  Cóż  rzekniecie,  gydbym  ja  teraz  nad  wami  pomścił  krzywdy 
i  cierpień  moich  "  ? 

Hełgunda  podziwem  i  trowga  przejęta,  dostrzegając,  że  or^ż 
Wałgerza  nie  wisi  na  ścianie,  rzekła  do  kochanka : 

— "  Wisławie !  ja  sie  go  lękam  ;  patrz,  i  miecza  już  niema 
Wałgerza." 

Ale  Wisław  ufajäc  wierności  swojej  siostry,  odrzekł  z  pogarda 
spoglądając  na  wiśżnia. 

— "  Gdybyś  miał  i  sto  mieczów,  nielskam  sie  wcale,  a  nawet  ci 
-odpuszczę  gdybyś  miś  i  zabił." 

Wałgerz  zrzuca  kajdany — z  wyniesionym  mieczem  staje  nad 
łożem  :  spuścił  go  z  zamachem,  i  wycisnął  dwa  jękliwe  wes- 
tchnienia, konającej  Helgundy  i  Wisława. 

Pomściwszy  sie  krzywdy  swojej  z  Ryngä  na  Tyniec  powrócił, 
zabrawszy  wszystkie  skarby,  które  tak  zręcznie  Rynga  uwięzia  i 
śmierć  brata  ukryła,  że  dworzanie  i  rycerze  Wisława  dopłśro  siś 
o  morderstwie  dowiedzieli,  kiedy  Walgierz  ze  zbawczyniä  Ryngä 
w  warownym  już  stanęli  Tyńcu. 

Zwłoki  Helgundy  pochowano  w  Wiślicy.  Kronikarz  Godzislaw 
Baszko  pisze,  że  w  roku  1242  widział  jeszcze  na  kamieniu 
grobowym  twarz  Helgundy  wyryta.  Bartosz  Paprocki  za  dowód 
podaje,  że  Wałgerz  do  rodziny  Toporczyków  należał,  iż  po  wsiach, 
starodawnie,  do  Tyńca  należących,  kiedy  na  gwałt  wołają,  tedy 
krzyczą  :  ''Starzą!  Starzą!  "  albo  "  Stary-koń !  Stary-koii  !  "  a  te 
rodziny  z  dawnego  wieku  sä  jednej  z  Toporczykami  dzielnicy. 


APPENDIX    I 


VON  DEM  UBELEN  WIBE.* 

301     lanc,  breit  ist  ir  swinge    ' 

und  ist  hagenbüschin  ; 

die  sieht  si  durch  daz  houbet  min. 

daz  selbe  tet  si  hiure. 

so  getane  äventiure 
306     warn  herren   Walthern  unkunt, 

do  er  und  min  frou  HUdcgiint 

fuoren  durch  diu  riche 

also  behaeenliche. 


*  Cf.  Zeitschrift  xii,  367-68. 


APPENDIX    II, 

FA  IST  I'Arcevesques  :  "Jo  irai,  par  mun  chief 
800     -L^" — E  jo  od  vus,"  CO  dist  li  quens  Gualtiers  : 
"  Hum  sui  Rollant,  jo  ne  le  dei  laissier^ 
Entre  s'eslisent  vint  milie  chevaliers.  •*'"- 

LXX. 

Li  quens  Rollanz  Gualtier  de  I' Hum  apelet ; 

"  Pernez  mil  Francs  de  France  nostre  tere, 
805     "  Si  purpernez  les  destreiz  e  les  tertres, 

"  Que  I'Emperere  nisun  des  soens  n'i  perdet." 

Respunt  Gualtiers:  "  Pur  vus  le  die  bien  faire.'" 

Od  mil  Franceis  de  France  la  lur  tere, 

Gualtiers  desrenget  les  destreiz  e  les  tertres. 
810     N'en  descendrat  pur  malvaises  nuveles, 

Enceis  qu'en  seient  set  cenz  espees  traites. 

Reis  Almaris,  de  1'  regne  de  Beiferne, 

Une  bataille  lur  livrat  le  jur,  pesme.  ^"^• 

CLXXIX. 

2035     Einz  que  Rollanz  se  seit  aperceüz, 

De  pasmeisun  guariz  ne  revenuz, 

Mult  grant  damage  li  est  apareüt : 

Mort  sunt  Franceis,  tuz  les  i  ad  perdut 

Seinz  l'Arcevesque  e  seinz  Gualtier  de  1'  Hum. 
2040     Repairiez  est  de  la  muntaigne  jus, 

A  eels  d'Espaigne  mult  s'i  est  cumbatuz  : 

Mort  sunt  si  hume,  si's  unt  paien  vencut ; 

Voeillet  o  nun,  desuz  cez  vals  s'en  fuit 

E  si  recleimet  Rollant  qu'il  li  aiut : 
2045     "  Gentilz  quens,  sire,  vaillant  hum.  ü  ies  tu  ? 

Unkes  nen  oi  pour  la  ü  tu  fus. 

Co  est  Gaultiers  ki  cunquist  Maelgut, 

Li  nies  Droün,  ä  1'  vieill  e  ä  1'  canut. 

Pur  vasselage  suleie  estre  tis  druz. 

As  Sarrazins  me  S2ii  ta)ii  cumbatuz 


irA  L  TH  ER  OF  A  Q  i '/  lA  I  NE.  «1 25 

2050     Ma  hanste  est  fraite  e  perciez  mis  escuz, 

E  mis  osbercs  desmailiez  e  rumpuz. 

Par  mi  le  cors  de  lances  sui  feruz  : 

Sempres  murrai,  mais  chier  me  sui  vcikIuz." 

A  icel  mot  I'ad  Rollanz  coneilt ; 
2055     Le  cheval  brochet,  si  vient  puignant  vers  lui.  '^°'- 

CLXXX. 

"  Sire  Gualtiers,"  co  dist  li  quens  Rollanz, 

Bataille  oiistes  od  la  paiene  gent : 

"  Vus  sulez  estre  vassals  e  combatant, 

Mil  chevaliers  en  menastes  vaillanz. 

lerent  ä  mei;  pur  co  vus  les  demant. 

Rendez  les  mei,  que  bosuing  en  ai  grant." 

Rcspunt  Gaultiers:     "  N'en  verrez  un  vivant. 

Laissiez  les  ai  en  eel  dulurus  camp. 

De  Sarrazins  nus  i  truvasmes  tanz, 

Turcs  e  Ermines,  Canelius  e  Jaianz, 

Cels  de  Balise,  des  meillurs  cumbatanz, 

Sur  lur  chevals  arrabiz  e  curanz  ; 

Une  bataille  avum  faite  si  grant 

N'i  ad  paien  devers  altre  s"en  vant. 

Seisante  milie  en  i  ad  morz  gisanz. 

Vengiez  nus  sum  es  ä  noz  acerins  branz. 

Avum  iloec  perdut  trestuz  noz  Francs  ; 

De  mun  osberc  en  sunt  rumput  li  pan  ; 

Mörtels  ai  plaies  es  costez  e  es  tiancs 

De  tutes  parz  en  ist  tors  li  clers  sancs  ; 

Trestuz  li  cors  m'  en  vait  afiebliant: 

Sempres  murrai,  par  le  mien  esciant. 

Jo  sui  vostre  hum  e  vus  tien  ä  guarant : 

Ne  me  blasmez,  se  jo  m'en  vai  fuiant. 

— Ne  r  ferai  mie,"  co  dit  li  quens  Rollanz  ; 

"Mais  or  m'aidiez  ä  tut  vostre  vivant.'' 

D'ire  e  de  doel  en  tressuet  Rollanz. 

De  sun  blialt  ad  trenchiez  les  dous  pans  : 

Gualtier  en  bandet  les  costez  e  les  flaues.  •^°'- 

CLXXXr. 

Rollanz  ad  doel,  si  tut  maltalentifs : 
En  la  grant  presse  cumencet  ä  ferir ; 
De  cels  d'Espaigne  en  ad  getet  morz  vint, 
E  Gualtiers  sis,  e  l'Arcevesques  eine. 
2060     Dient  paien  :  "  Feluns  humes  ad  ci. 

Guardez,  seignurs,  que  il  n'en  algent  vif. 


1 26  IVAL  TH  ER  OF  AU  Q  ITA  INE. 

Taut  nus  iintfait  ne  deivait  esire priris. 
Mais  trestuit  estre  detrenchiet  e  ocis. 
Tut  par  seit  fei  ki  ne  's  vait  envair, 
E  recreant  ki  les  lerrat  guarir ! " 
Dune  recumencent  e  li  hus  e  li  oris : 
2065     De  tutes  parz  les  revunt  envair. 

Deus  les  äiut  qui  unkes  ne  meiitii  ! 


CHARLEMAGNE    APPROCHE 
CLXXXII. 

Li  quens  Rollanz  fut  mult  hardis  eßers, 
Gualtiers  de  l'Hum  est  bien  bons  chevaliers, 
Li  Arcevesques  prozdum  e  essaiez  : 
Li  uns  ne  voelt  l'altre  nient  laissier. 

2070     En  la  grant  presse  i  fierent  as  paiens. 
Mil  Sarrazin  i  descendent  ä  pied, 
E  ä  cheval  sunt  quarante  millier. 
Mien  escientre,  ne  's  osent  aproismier. 
II  lancent  lur  e  lances  e  espiez, 

2075     Wigres  e  darz,  e  museraz  e  atgiers. 
As  premiers  colps  i  unt  ocis  Gualtier, 


APPENDIX    III 


O 


ROLANDSLIED.* 

LIVIER  unde  Ruolant  1188 

unde  Walthere  ther  Wigant,  1189 


Gehart  unde  Walther,  3217 

Thó  frowete  sih  ther  helet  Ruolant,  33^9 

thaz  er  there  heithenen  samenung-e  vant.  337© 

er  sprah  zuo  Walthere ; 
*'  nu  ile,  thu  helet  märe, 
wele  thir  tusent  manne 
unt  ne  sumę  thih  niht  ze  lange: 

väh  uns  thie  perge,  3375 

e  sin  thie  heithenen  innen  werthen. 
thaz  wir  thie  hohe  begrifen, 
e  uns  thie  heithenen  untersuchen, 
thie  andere  thu  warne 

(hie  ist  thes  tiuveles  ges  warme),  3380 

thaz  sie  sih  wäfen  sciere. 
sage  Turpin  unt  Oliviere, 
then  helethen  allen  samt; 
seme  mir  thisiu  zesewe  min  hant, 

ihne  kume  niemer  vone  therre  herte,  3385 

unz  ih  slahe  mit  mineme  swerte. 
sine  hilvet  nehein  ire  grózer  scal : 
ire  wirthet  hiute  so  getan  val, 
thaz  man  iz  wole  sagen  mah 

unze  ane  then  jungesten  tah.  3390 

mir  ne  swiche  ther  guote  Durendart, 
si  geriuwet  al  ire  hohvart." 

Unter  thiu  kom  Walthere.  6528 

verwundet  was  er  sere, 


*  From  the  text  of  Bartsch 's  Edition. 


128  IVAL  TH  ER  OF  AQ  U  ITA  INE. 

than  ih  iu  e  gesaget  hän.  6530 

er  was  ther  Ruolantes  man, 

er  sprah  :  "ja  min  lieber  herre, 

ih  gesihe  thih  vile  gerne, 

e  ih  so  ersterbe. 

mahtu  uns  iht  gehelven  ?  6535 

heithenen  thie  gelfen 

habent  uns  scathen  getan." 

"  wä  sint  nu  mine  man, 

thie  ih  bevalh  ze  thiner  hant," 

sprah  ther  helet  Ruolant,  6540 

"  tüsent  miner  helethe  ? 

nu  gip  sie  mir  withere  : 

ih  betharf  ire  wole  ze  miner  not. 

thise  ligent  alle  hie  tot." 

"  semmir  thine  hulde,"  sprah  Walth^re,  6545 

ire  nelebet  neheiner  mere 

wane  ih  aleine. 

thie  wuotigen  heithenen 

ranten  unsih  allenthalben  ane  : 

sie  häten  mere  thenne  sehzeh  tüsent  man.  6550 

vile  wole  wir  ire  erbiten. 

wir  erkanten  wole  thine  site, 

wäre  wir  entrunnen, 

thaz  wir  niemer  thine  hulde  gewunnen. 

ja  vähten,  herre,  thine  man  6555 

soz  guoten  knehten  wole  gezam. 

thie  thine  ligent  tot  thä  nithere : 

ouh  sluogen  wir  sie  thä  withere, 

thaz  ire  neheiner  genas. 

niene  zurne  thu  thaz,  6560 

thaz  ih  thannen  si  komen. 

nu  ih  thine  stimme  hän  vernomen, 

nunc  mah  mir  niht  gewerren. 

zwiscen  Manbrät  then  pergen 

unt  then  hohen  Jogein,  6565 

thä  lie  ih,  herre,  then  scathen  thin, 

ih  sage  thir  ze  wunder : 

unser  kom  nie  theheiner  vone  ein  ander. 

ih  thurhreit  thaz  wal, 


IFA  L  TH  ER  OF  AQU  ITA  INE.  1 29 

thaz  ih  über  al  6570 

neheinen  lebentigen  vant." 

"  nu  lono  thir  got,"  sprah  Ruolant, 

"thiner  note  was  vile. 

iethoh  was  thaz  kindes  spil. 

nu  ist  iz  ane  theme  zit :  6575 

hie  ze  stete  sculen  wir  opheren  then  lip 

mit  anderen  unseren  genozen, 

thaz  wir  iht  werthen  verstozen 

vone  theme  engele  sänge. 

thu  sümest  uns  ze  lange."  6580 

Thar  huoben  sih  thó  thie  thrt 
(ih  wän  iz  also  gescriben  st) 
in  then  thrin  naman  unseres  herren : 
thó  häten  sie  helve  niht  mere. 

thie  einmuotigen  thegene  6585 

sluogen  thie  urmären  menige, 
thaz  sie  vore  in  muosen  erbeizen. 
sie  umbestuonten  sie  mit  spiezen, 
mit  scozzen  unt  mit  geren. 

tha  ersluogen  sie  Waltheren.  6590 

harte  rah  in  thó  Ruolant. 
so  waz  er  ire  üfrehter  vant, 
thie  muosen  Waltheren  gelten. 


ORIGIN   AND   DEVELOPMENT  OF   THE  WALTHER   SAGA. 
I.    ELEMENTS    OF    THE    SAGA. 


i.    analysis  of  the  saga. 
Waldere.  Waltharius. 


I.  ^tla.     A.  6. 


2.  Cf.  GufJhere,  friend  of  the  Bur- 
gundians,  (3). 


3.  Cf.  Hagena  B.  15  ;  Gu3^here, 
A,  25;  Waldere,  B,  11.  Ha- 
gena and  Waldere  are  old 
friends  [as  hostages  at  /Etla's 
court?]  (20).  GuS^here,  friend 
of  the  Burgundians,  is  Wal- 
dere's  foe  (cf.  19,  24,  27). 


4.  Waldere  is  son  of  Alphere.  A. 
II. 


Waldere  is  called  yEtla's  van- 
warrior.     A,  6.  * 


Attila  King  of  the  Huns  or  Avars 
(in  Pannonia)  pushes  his  con- 
quests westward.    11  AT. 

Attila  attacks  in  turn  Gibicho, 
King  of  the  Franks;  Heriricus, 
King  of  the  Burgundians ;  and 
Alphere,  King  of  the  Aquitan- 
ians.    12  ff. 

All  three  kings  give  Attila  hos- 
tages ;  Gibicho  sends  Hagano 
of  noble  blood,  "veniens  de 
germine  Troiae,"  in  place  of  his 
son  Guntharius  who  was  too 
young.  27  ff.  Heriricus  sends 
his  daughter  Hiltgunt.  72  ff. 
Alphere  sends  his  son  Waltha- 
rius.    90  ff. 

Waltharius  is  the  son  of  Alphere  ; 
he  is  yet  a  youth  in  "  primevo 
flore,"     78  ff. 

Hiltgunt  is  the  only  daughter  of 
Heriricus ;  is  noble  born  and 
fair.     36  ff. 

Waltharius  and  Hiltgunt  are  be- 
trothed before  leaving  home. 
Soff. 

Waltharius,  Hiltgunt  and  Hagano 
all  reared  carefully  by  Attila 
and  Ospirin.     96  ff. 

Waltharius  and  Hagano  become 
the  foremost  of  Attila 's  hosts. 
105  ff. ;  Hiltgunt  is  made  keeper 
of  Ospirin's  treasures  113. 

Hagano,  hearing  that  Guntharius 
is  occupying  Gibicho's  throne 
and  refusing  tribute  to  Attila, 
escapes  to  his  royal  master. 
Ospirin  and  Attila  fearing  Wal- 
tharius may  follow  Hagano,  offer 
him  a  Hun  to  wife,  but  W.  feign- 
ing loyalty  to  Attila,  declines 
the  offer.     119  ff. 


132 


WALTHER  OF  AQUITAINE. 


NovALiciAN   Chronicle. 

Atila,  lux  Pannoniae,  King  of 
the  Huns  or  Avars,  scourge  of 
God,  makes  conquests  in  the 
west.     C.  viii. 


2.  Atila  attacks  Aiferius,  King  of 
Aquitania,  Eriricus  King  of 
Burgundia,  and  Gibico,  King 
of  the  Franks.     C.  viii. 


3.  All  three  Kings  give  Atila 
hostages.  Alferius  sends  his 
son,  Waltarius ;  Eriricus  his 
daughter  lldegunde ;  Gibico, 
Agano.     C.  viii. 


4.  Waltarius  is  the  legitimate  son 
of  Alferius, sprung  from  noble 
lineage.    C.  viii. 


5.  lldegunde,    the    daughter    of 
Eriricus,  is  fair.     C.  viii. 


6.  Waltarius  and  lldegunde  were 
betrothed  before  leaving 
home.     C.  viii. 


Waltarius,  lldegunde  and  Aga- 
no are  all  reared  by  Atila  and 
Ospirin.     C.  ix. 


8.  Waltarius  and  Agano  become 

the  foremost  of  Atila's  hosts  ; 
lldegunde, keeper  of  Ospirin 's 
treasure.     C.  ix. 

9.  Agano  hearing  thatCundharius 

has  succeeded  to  Gibico's 
throne  and  refused  tribute  to 
the  Pannonians,  makes  his 
escape  to  his  royal  master. 
C.  ix. 


Nibelungenlied: 

Ezele  (Etzele,  Ezel)  King  of  the 
Huns  (276,  6)  has  subdued  twelve 
kingdoms  (188,  6;  212,  4)  and 
three  dukedoms  {188,  6;  212,  4) 
and  is  everywhere  feared  for  his 
power  (203,  6). 


Hagene,  son  of  Adrian,  and  vassal 
of  Günther,  together  with  Wal- 
ther  von  Späne,  was  hostage  at 
Ezele's  court  (268,  3,  4).  Hille- 
gunt  is  also  at  Ezele's  court 
(268,  3). 

Walther  von  Späne  (268,  3  ;  258,  2); 
der  von  Späne  (274,  4). 


Hiltegunt  (268,  3). 


Hagene  and  Walther  grew  up  at 
Ezele's  court  (268,  3). 


Hagene  and  Walther  fought  many 
battles  in  honor  of  King  Ezele 
(274,  4)- 


Hagene   is  sent    back    by   Ezele 
(268,  3). 


IVA  L  TH  ER  OF  AQUITA  INE. 


133 


Graz  Fragment. 

I.  [Ezel  the  king  and  his]  "  wip" 
[rule  over  the  Huns]  (2,  i,  i). 


2.  Pre-supposed  in  the  situation, 
(cf.  Nos.  3,  7). 


3.  For  Hagene,  Walther  and  Hil- 
tigunt  (cf.  No.  7). 


4.  Walther's  noble  lineage  is 
doubtless  implied  in  Hage- 
ne's  praise  of  Hiltegunt.  (cf. 
No.  6). 


5.  Hiltegunt's  noble  birth  proba- 
bly implied  in  the  statement 
that  she  would  grace  an  em- 
press' crown  (I,  I,  i). 


Hagene  says  he  stood  by  when 
they  [Walther  and  Hilte- 
gunt] were  betrothed  [before 
they  came  to  the  Huns](i,2,i); 
cf.  also  Hiltegunt's  waiting. 


7.  Hagene,  Walther  and  Hilte- 
gunt are  among  the  Huns  [at 
Ezel's  court?]  (2,  i,  2). 


8.  [Walther  and  Hiltgunt  proba- 
bly occupy  situation  of  Wal- 
thariiis,  while]  Hagen  dis- 
tributes gifts  to  the  Huns.  (2, 
I,  2 ;  cf.  I,  2,  2). 


Vienna  Fragment. 

Ezele  (Ezel)  and  Helche  are  King 
and  Queen  of  the  Huns.  (i,b,i2). 


Walther,  Hildegunt  and  Hagne, 
probably  as  in  Waltharius.  Cf. 
I,  a,  10;  1  b,  12  ff. 


Walther  is  son  of  Alker  and  his 
queen,  Hilde.     (Cf.  2,  2  f. ;    i,  b, 

18). 


Walther  was  always  at  the  front  in 
Ezele's  wars,  and  is  to  be  the 
'purgat'W  of  the  Huns,  (i,b,i4). 


134 


WALTHER  OF  AQUITAINE. 


BiTEROLF   UND    DiETLEIB. 

I.  Etzel  and  Helche  are  king  and 
queen  of  the  Huns  (cf.  284  ff.; 
334  ff.). 


Walther  (762  ff.),  Hagen  (4809 
ff.) ;  Hildegunt  (767  ff.)  are  all 
at  Etzel's  court  [as  hostages]; 
W.  and  H.,  are  knighted  by 
Etzel.     (cf.  770-1). 


4.  Walther  is  son  of  Biterolfs  sis- 
ter (671,  2108);  Alpkere's  child 
(9904,  9952,  10112)  is  recog- 
nized as  from  Spanjelantfrom 
his  shield  (615  ff.)  and  is  called 
king  of  Spanjelant  (575  ff.)  and 
'  der  von  Kärlingen  '  (2105, 
5092) ;  resides  in  Paris  (694  ff.). 


Alpharts  Tod. 


Walther,  '  geborn  üz  Diutschlant 
(426),  is  called  '  von  Kerlingen 
(77  ff.). 


WAL  TH  ER  OF  AQU  I  TA  INE.  1 35 

Rosengarten.  Dietrichs  Flucht.         Rabenschlacht. 


'  Walther  von  dem 
Wasgenstein,'  one 
of  the  boldest 
knights  (princes) 
by  the  Rhine  (32  f., 
235  f.)  'ein  here  von 
Wa  sgensteine' 
(1407)  '  geborn  von 
Kerlinc'  (F.  1.66). 


5.  Di  schone  Hilte- 
gunt  claps  her 
hands  at Walther's 
victory  (F.  2.  11). 


Etzel  and  Helche  are 
king  and  queen  of 
Hunland  (5008  ff.). 


Walther  von  Len- 
gers '  (5902);  '  von 
kerlingen '  (8638) ; 
'  der  ellens  rich  ' 
(7360). 


Etzel  and  Helche  are 
king  and  queen  of 
the  Huns  (26,  4). 


Walther  is  Etzels  vas- 
sal (553.  3)- 


'  Walther  der  Lenge- 
saere  '  (47,  714) ;  cf. 
'  mit  ellens  hant ' 
715- 


136 


WAL  TH  ER  OF  AQ  U  ITA  INE. 


Thidrekssage. 


I.  Attila,Kingof  Hunland,hashis 
seat  at  Susat,  his  capital,  c. 
241. 


4.  Valltari.thesonofErmenrikr's 
sister,  is  sent  by  Ermenrikr 
as  hostage  to  Attila  at  the 
age  of  twelve  years,  c.  241. 


5.  Hildigundr,  the  daughter  of 
Jarl  Ilias  of  Greece,  is  sent 
as  hostage  to  Attila,  at  the 
age  of  seven  winters.  C.  241. 


Boguphal's  Chronicle. 


at  Attila's  court.     C.  241. 


Valltari  and  Hildigundr  have 
positions,  perhaps  as  in  the 
Waltharius. 


Walterus  Robustus  is  a  count, 
having  a  castle,  Tynecz,  near 
Cracovia,  and  is  of  the  stock  of 
King  Pompilius. 


Helgunda  is  the  daughter  of  a  cer- 
tain king  of  the  Franks. 


7.  Valltari  and  Hildigundr  remain   Waltharius,   Helgunda,    and    the 

*^4-     A4-fł1f-i'c    i^r\il»-f  r^OylT  ł^ł-ił-łz-i-T/-»    /-»Äff  o  tri    \r\tr\rr  r\C    Al  rY\n  r\\n 


son  of  a  certain  king  of  Almania, 
are  all  at  the  court  of  Helgun- 
da's  father. 


Walterus,  is  distinguished  for  his 
sweet  singing,  with  which  he 
wins'  the  princess. 


WAL  TH  ER  OF  AQUITAINE. 
Paprocki.  Bielski. 


137 


4.  Walcerus,  Count  of  Tyniec,  is 
young  and  fair. 


5.  Heligunda  is  a   French    prin- 
cess. 


6. 


7.  VValcerus,  Heligunda,  and  Ari- 
naldus,  a  German  prince,  are 
at  the  court  of  the  French 
King. 


8.  Walcerus  serves  at  the  king's 
table.  Arinuldus  sues  for  the 
hand  of  Heligunda. 


9- 


Walcer,  Count  of  Tynec,  is  of  the 
family  of  Topór. 


Heligunda  is  the  daughter  of  a 
French  king. 


Walcer,  Heligunda  (and  probably 
a  German)  are  at  the  court  of  the 
French  king. 


138 


WALTHER  OF  A  UQ  ITA  INE. 


NiESIECKI. 


4.  Walcer,  Count  of 
Tyniec  ofthe  house 
of  Topór. 


5.  H  e  ligunde  is  a 
French  [princess]. 


Procosius. 


Walcer,  Heligun- 
de,  and  Arinaldus, 
a  german  Prince, 
are  at  the  French 
king's  court. 


WÓJCICKI. 


Walgierz,  the  older 
brother  of  Zbiludi, 
is  called  Wdaly,  and 
is  lord  of  Tyniec, 
Preginia,  etc. 

Heligunda,  daughter 
of  a  certain  king  of 
Gaul. 


Wdali  Walgerz,  count 
of  Tyniec,  is  fair, 
courageous  and 
skillful. 


Helgunde,  daughter 
of  a  Frankish  King, 
is  fair. 


Walgierz,  Heligunda, 
are  [at  the  King's 
court]  in  France. 


Walgerz,  Helgunde 
and  Arinoldus,  a 
German  Prince,  are 
at  the  court  of  the 
Frankish  King. 


w  ALT!  I  ER  OF  AQU  11 A  IN  E. 


'39 


Walderk. 

lo.  Waldere  is  not  chicled  for  cow- 
ardice in  combat,  but  is  called 
a  far-famed  warrior.  A,  12  AT. 


13- 

14. 
15- 

16. 

17- 
18. 


19.  Gu<?here  seeks  combat  unjust- 

ly.    A,  26  f;  (cf.  20). 

20.  GufThere  expected  in  vain  that 

Hagena's  hand  should  have 
given  Waldere  battle  and 
worsted  him.     B,  14  ff. 


\V.\i.Tn.\Kirs. 

Walthatius  wages  new  wars,  re- 
turns xictorious,  170  tf. ;  finds 
Hiitgunt  in  Attila's  hall,  and 
asks  her  to  Hee  with  him  to  his 
native  land.     221  iL 

Hiltgunt  hesitates  but  finally  as- 
sures herself  of  W.'s  sincerity. 
235  ff. 

Wahharius  bids  her  be  ready  in  a 
week  with  treasures  for  the  jour- 
ney.    260  ff. 

Wahharius  after  seven  days  pre- 
pares a  great  feast  for  Attila, 
administers  the  potion  to  the 
Huns  and  escapes  with  Hiltgunt. 
287  flf. 

Wahharius'  steed  is  called  Leo. 
327- 

Attila  hearing  of  the  escape  offers 
rich  reward  for  the  capture  of 
the  fugitives;  but  no  one  ven- 
tures pursuit.     360  ff. 

In  40  {14)  days  Wahharius  conies 
with  Hiltgunt  to  the  Rhine. 
428  ff. 

Wahharius  pays  the  ferryman  with 
fish  caught  on  the  journey.     434. 

The  ne.xt  day  Guntharius  learns 
through  the  fish  and  the  ferry- 
man ofWahharius'  return.  Hag- 
ano  recognizes  in  W.  his  old 
friend  and  Guntharius  rejoices 
in  the  return  of  Gibicho's  treas- 
ure.    440  ff. 

Guntharius,  with  twelve  knights, 
(among  whom  is  Hagano)  goes 
in  pursuit  of  the  treasure.  475  ff. 

Hagano  recalling  Wahharius'  val- 
or and  his  own  vow  of  friendship 
tries  in  vain  to  dissuade  G.  from 
the  attack.  478  ff.,  also  518  ff. 
617  ff. 

Wahharius  and  Hiltgunt  seek  shel- 
ter in  a  narrow  pass  (of  the  Vos- 
agus) ;  W.  sleeps  while  H. 
watches.     489  ff. 

Hiltgunt  sees  Guntharius  and  his 
men  approach  and  awakes  Wal- 
tharius  saying:  "The  Huns  are 
upon  us."    532  ff. 


140 


WALTHER  OF  AQUITAINE. 


NovALiciAN  Chronicle. 

10.  Waltarius  wages  new  wars  for 
Atila,  returns  crowned  with 
victory,  finds  Ildegunde  in 
Atila's  hall  and  asks  her  to 
escape  with  him.     C.  ix. 

II  Ildegunde  hesitates  ;  but  soon 
assures  herself  of  Waltarius' 
sincerity.     C.  ix. 

12.  Waltarius  bids  Ildegunde  be 
ready  in  seven  days  with  pro- 
visions for  the  journey.  C.  ix. 

^-;,.  Waltarius  after  seven  days  pre- 
pares a  feast,  administers 
the  potion,  and  escapes  with 
Ildegunde.     C.  ix. 

14.  Waltarius'  steed  is  called  Leo. 

C.  ix. 

15.  Atila  hearing  of  the  escape  of 

W.  and  H.,  offers  rich  reward 
for  their  capture ;  but  no  one 
ventures  pursuit.     C.  ix. 

16.  In  forty  days,  Waltarius  comes 

with  Ildegunde  to  the  Rhine. 
C.  ix. 

17.  Waltarius   pays   the   ferryman 

with  fish  he  had  caught  on 
the  journey.     C.  ix. 

18.  Cundharius  learns  the  next  day 

through  the  fish  and  the 
ferryman  of  Waltarius 'return. 
Agano  recognizes  his  old 
companion  at  Atila's  court, 
and  Cundharius  rejoices  in 
the  return  of  Gibico's  treas- 
ure.    C.  ix. 

19.  Cundharius  with  twelve  knights 

(among  whom  is  Agano)  pur- 
sues the  fugitives  in  quest  of 
the  treasure.     C.  ix. 

20.  Agano,  recalling  his  friendship 

and  fate  with  Waltarius  and 
the  valor  of  W.,  tries  in  vain 
to  dissuade  Cundharius  from 
the  attack.     C.  ix. 

21.  Waltarius  and  Ildegunde  seek 

shelter  in  a  pass  ;  the  former 
then  rests  while  the  latter 
keeps  watch.     C.  ix. 

22.  Ildegunde  sees  Cundharius  and 

his  men  approach  and  arouses 
Waltarius,  saying  "  the  Huns 
are  upon  us."   C.  ix. 


Niep;lungenlied. 


Walther   escapes  with    Hiltegunt 
from  Ezele's  court  (268,  3). 


Cf.  Hagisne's  indifference  in  the 
combat  (No.  25). 


IV^  L  TH  ER  OF  A  Q  U I TA I  NE.  1 4 1 

Graz  Fkagmknt.  Vienna  Fragment? 


13. 


14. 


15- 


16. 


17- 


18. 


Walther  so  took  leave  of  the  Huns 
that  tiiey  must  lament,  for  he 
slew  many  of  their  kindred,  (i, 
b,  12-13.  Cf.  2,  13).  Hildegunt 
recalls  with  gladness  how  Wal- 
ther  brought  her  from  the  Huns. 
(2,  4). 


19- 


142 


JV^  L  TH  ER  OF  A  O  Ul  TA  INE. 


BlT'EROLF   IND    DiETLEIB. 


13.  Walther  has  returned  [with 
Hildetjunde]  from  the  Huns 
(575  ff-;  620  ff.). 


14. 


15.  Walther  is  attacked  by  Riidi- 
jcere  because  of  the  abduction 
of  Hildegunde  (7644  ff.,  etc.). 

16. 


17- 


18. 


19- 


Alpharts  Tod. 


WA  L  TH  ER  OF  A  Q IJ I  TA  INE.  1 43 

Rosengarten.       '    Diktkichs  Fmcmt.         Rahknschlacht. 


13- 


14. 


15- 


16. 


17- 


19- 


144 


IVA  L  TH  ER  OF  AQU  ITA  INE. 


Thidrekssage. 

10.  Valltari  meets  Hildigundr  at  a 

feast  of  Attila  and  asks  her 
to  flee  with  him.     C.  242. 

11.  Hildigundr  hesitates,  but  is  at 

length   assured   of  Valltari's 
sincerity.     C.  242. 

12.  Valltari  bids  Hildigundr  come 

at  sunrise,  with  treasures,  to 
the  city  gate.     C.  242. 


13- 


14. 


15.  Attila  hears  of  the  escape  of 
Valltari  and  Hildigundr,  and 
sends  twelve  of  his  men  after 
the  fugitives.  One  of  the 
twelve  is  Hoegni,  son  of  Al- 
drian.     C.  243. 

16. 


17- 


18. 


19- 


Boguphal's  Chronicle. 

Walterus  wins  Helgunda's  favor 
by  nightly  song,  and  persuades 
her  to  flee  with  him  to  his  native 
land. 


Walterus  seeing  his  opportunity, 
escapes  with  Helgunda. 


Walterus  comes  with  Helgunda  to 
the  Rhine. 


Walterus  pays  the  ferryman  with 
a  mark  of  gold. 


The  Prince  of  Almania   pursues 
Walterus.    (Cf.  No.  27). 


WAL  THER  OF  AQUITAINE. 


145 


Paprocki. 

10.  Walcerus  wins  Helij^iiiula  by 
his  nightly  song,  and  induces 
her  to  escape  with  him. 


13.  Walcerus    and   Heligunda  es- 
cape to  Poland. 


14. 


15.  Arinaldus    pursues     the    fugi- 
tives.    (Cf.  No.  19). 

i6.  Walcerus  comes  with  Heligun- 
da  to  the  Rhine. 


17.  Walcerus  pays  the  ferryman  a 
mark  of  gold. 


18. 


19.  Cf.  No.  15. 


HlKI.SKI. 

Walcer  wins  Heligunda,  but  her 
father  objects  because  Walcer  is 
a  foreigner. 


Walcer  and  Heligunda  escape  at 
night,  taking  with  them  treasure. 


The  German,  Walcer's  rival,  pur- 
sues the  fugitives. 


1^6  WALTHER  OF  AQUITAINE. 

NiESIECKI.  PrOCOSIUS.  WÓJCICKI. 


lo.  Walcer  wins  Heli- 
gunde  by  his  beau- 
ty and  attractive 
manner,  and  in- 
duces her  to  flee 
with  him  to  Po- 
land. 


12. 


13' 


Walcer  and  Heli- 
gunda  escape  to 
Poland  (cf.  No.  lo.) 


U- 


15- 


i6. 


17- 


i8. 


19. 


Walgierz  abducts 
H  e  li  g  u  n  d  a  from 
France. 


Walgerz  wins  Helgun- 
da's  favor  by  nightly 
song,  and  persuades 
her  to  flee  with  him 
to  Poland,  as  the 
King  objects  to  their 
union. 


Walgerz  escapes  with 
Helgunde. 


Cf.  19. 


Walgerz  comes  with 
Helgunde  to  the 
Rhine. 

Walgerz  pays  the 
ferryman  a  mark  of 
gold. 


Arinoldus  pursues 
Walgerz. 


IV^L  TH  ER  OF  AQUITAINE. 


147 


Walde  RE. 


23- 


24. 


GufThere  refuses  the  sword  and 
treasure.     A,  28  f. 


25- 


26. 


27.  Waldere  challenges  GuS'here, 
B,  14  ff. 


28 


Cf.  Waldere's  sword  A.  24,  and 
.Mimniing,  Weland's  work, 
A,  2-3. 


29. 


30. 


31- 


32. 


Walthariis. 

Hiltgunt  is  fearful  and  beseeches 
Waltharius  to  kill  her  to  save 
her  frcMii  the  foe.  Waltharius 
reassures  her  of  the  fidelity  <>f 
his  sword,  which  has  served  him 
in  many  battles.     545  ff. 

Guntharius  refuses  Waltharius' 
proffers  of  peace  and  orders  the 
attack.     640  ff. 

Waltharius  slays  11  knights;  Gun- 
tharius and  Hagano  withdraw 
to  the  wood.     668  ff. 

Waltharius  and  Hiltgund  rest  dur- 
ing the  night  and  continue  their 
journev  the  next  morning.  1151 
ff. 

Guntharius  and  Hagano  leaping 
from  ambush  renew  the  attack  ; 
Waltharius  encourages  Hiltgunt 
and  challenges  his  foes.  1210  ff. 
cf.  No.  23. 

Waltharius  cleaves  with  his  sword 
(long  sword,  cf.  short  sword  v. 
1390)  Guntharius'  thigh,  cf.  No. 
8  and  23.  1364.  Loses  his  own 
right  arm  at  Hagen's  stroke, 
1381  ff.;  thrusts  out  Hagano's 
eye,  knocks  out  three  of  H.'s 
teeth.     1393  ff. 

The  combatants  are  reconciled 
and  Hiltgunt  binds  their  wounds 
and  administers  wine.     1405  ff. 

The  Franks  return  to  Worms  and 
Waltharius  with  Hiltgunt  con- 
tinues his  journey  to  Aquitaine. 
1446. 

Here  the  wedding  of  W.  and  H. 
is  celebrated,  and  Waltharius 
reigns  thirty  years  after  AI- 
phere's  death.     144S  ff. 

Waltharius'subsequent  battles  and 
triumphs  referred  to.     1451  ff. 


148 


IV^L  TH  ER  OF  A  U  Q  ITA /NE. 


NovALiciAN  Chronicle. 

23.  Ildegunde  is   fearful    and   be- 

seaches  Waltarius  to  slay  her 
to  save  her  from  the  foe.  W. 
reassures  her.     C.  ix. 

24.  Cundharius  refuses  Waltarius' 

proffers  of  peace  and  orders 
the  attack.     C.  ix. 

25.  Waltarius    slays     all     of    the 

knights  except  Cundharius 
and  Agano,  who  dissemble 
flight.     C.  ix. 

26.  Waltarius  continues   his  jour- 

ney.    C.  ix. 

27.  Cundharius    and   Agano  leap 

from  their  concealment  and 
renew  the  attack.     C.  ix. 


2<S. 


29.  The  enemy,  weary  of  combat 
and  thirst,  are  unable  to  sub- 
due Waltarius.  They  see  a 
flask  of  wine  hanging  from 
Waltarius  saddle  ....    C.  ix. 


Nibelungenlied. 


30. 


31- 


32.  Cf.    Waltarius'   career  in    the 
monastery.     C.  x.-xiii. 


Walther  slew  many  of  Hagene's 
friends  before  the  Waschsen- 
stein,  while  Hagene  sat  upon 
his  shield  (358,  2). 


// '.  /  L  TH  ER  OF  A  (J  U I  TA  L\E. 


149 


("iKAZ    FkACJMKNT. 


23- 


24. 


26. 


28. 


29. 


\'iKNN.\  Fkac;mknt. 


Walther  [is  reconciled  with  Gün- 
ther and]  has  safe  escort  at  \'olk- 
er's  hand  through  Gunther's 
land  (I,  b,  16);  but  cannot  pass 
through  Metz,  as  Ortuin,  the 
ruler  is  hostile  to  him.    (i,  a,  4). 


3u- 


Walther  announces  his  return  to 
Alker  who,  with  the  queen 
Hilde,  rejoices  and  sends  sum- 
mons to  his  men  to  go  forth  to 
welcome  Walther  and  Hilde- 
gunt.     (I,  a,  8  ff ). 


32. 


Waltlier  and  Hildegunt  celebrate 
their  wedding.  (2,  6,  ff).  Alker 
will  make  Walther  lord  in  his 
[Alker's]  4ands,  and  Walther  is 
to  become  the  Hun's  'purge- 
t')r.'     (i,  b,  14). 


I50 


WA  LT  HER  OF  AQUITAINE. 


BiTEROLF   UND   DiETLEIB. 


23- 


24- 


25- 


26. 


27- 


28. 


29. 


30. 


3I' 


32. 


Walther  bears  Wasge,  his 
weapon,  far-famed  (12286,  10- 
481,  642  ff.) 


Cf.  Walther's  encounter  with 
Biterolf  and  his  protection  of 
Biterolf 's  land. 


Alpharts  Tod. 


Walther's  sword  rings  like  a  bell 
(373.  3)- 


Cf.  Walther's  exploits  in  the  vari- 
ous episodes  of  this  epic. 


w  'A  L  TH  ER  OF  AQl  Y  TA  INE.  j  3 , 

ROSENOAKTEN.  '    DiETRICHS     Fl-ICHT.  R  AHENSCH  LACK  T. 


23- 


24- 


25- 


26. 


27- 


28. 


29. 


30. 


31- 


32.    VValther    part    in  '  Walther's  part  in  this  ^  Walther's     deeds     in 
the  Rosengarten  ,       epic.  this  epic, 

episodes. 


152 


W^  L  TH  ER  OF  A  Q  U  IT  A INE. 


Thidrekssage. 

23.  Hildegundr  is  fearful  at  the  ap- 
proach of  the  Huns,  but  Vall- 
tari  reassures  her,  saying  that 
he  has  seen  shields  cleft  be- 
fore.    C.  243. 

24. 


25.  Valltari  slays  eleven  of  Attila's 

men  and  Hoegni  escapes  into 
the  forest.     C.  244. 

26.  Valltari  and  Hildigundr  refresh 

themselves  with  wild  boar's 
flesh.     C.  244. 

27.  When  Valltari  and  Hildigundr 

have  eaten  bare  the  boar's 
back.  Hoegni  renews  the 
attack.     C.  244. 

28.  Valltari  hits  Hoegni  with  the 

boar's  back-bone,  tearing  out 
his  eye  and  rending  his  chin. 
C.  244. 

29.  Ermenrikr  reconciles  Attila  by 

sending  him  rich  gifts.  C.244. 


Roguphal's  Chronicle. 


30- 


31- 


Hoegni  returns  to  Attila  ;  Vall- 
tari and  Hildigundr  continue 
southward  over  the  moun- 
tains to  King  Ermenrikr.     C. 

244. 


32.  Valltari  has  contest  with  Thet- 
leifr  C.  128-129;  is  set  over 
the  castle  Gerimsheim  C.151; 
is  slain  in  combat  with  Vill- 
difer  C.  331. 


Walterus  slays  the  Prince  of  Al- 
mania  in  single  combat. 


Walterus  and  Helgunda  continue 
their  journey  to  Tynecz. 


Waltherus'  combat  with  Wyslaus 
in  second  part  of  the  saga. 


u  'A  L  TH  ER  OF  AQU  ITA  INE. 

PaI'ROCKI.  BtKLSKI. 


153 


23- 


24. 


26. 


27- 


28.  Walcerus   slays   Arinaldus    in 
sinsrle  combat. 


29. 


30.  Walcerus  and  Heügunda  con- 
tinue their  journey  to  Tyniec. 


Walcer  slays  the  Germanin  single 
combat. 


Walcer  and   Heligunda  continue 
their  journey  to  Poland. 


52.  Walcerus'  combat  with  Wisli- 
mier. 


Walcer's  combat  with  Wisław. 


1 


154 


23- 


24- 


25- 


26. 


27- 


2S. 


29.. 


WALTHER  OF  AUQITAINE. 


NiESIECKI.  PrOCOSIUS. 


WÓJCICKI. 


Walgerz  slays  Ari- 
noldus  in  single 
combat. 


Walgerz  and  Helgun- 
de  come  in  safty  to 
Tyniec. 


.?r- 


r    Walcer's   combat     Walgierz's    combat    Walgierz's    combat 
with  Wislimer.  with  Vislimirus.         l      with  Wislavv. 


u  '.i  L  77//;  A'  ()/•■  A  QUI  TA  I  NE.  1 55 

From  the  parallel  view  ot"  the  contents  of  the  versions  of  tlu- 
Waliher  Sacja  the  following  conclusions  may  he  drawn  : — 

1.  That  the  chief  episodes  of  tlie  Saga  are  preserved  in  all  three  <>t 
the  full  texts  :  the  Waltharius  or  Aleniannic  version  ;  the  /'idreks- 
Saga  or  Old  Xorse  version  ;  Boguphali  Chronicon  or  the  Polish 
version.     Correspondences  in  these  three  texts  are  as  follows  : — 

a.  Walther's  sojourn  at  a  foreign  court ; 

b.  Walther's  betrothal  with  Hildegunde  at  the  court; 

c.  Flight  of  Walther  and  Hildegunde  ; 
rf.  Pursuit  of  the  fugitives; 

.■•.  Wa'ther  vanquishes  his  foes  in  single  combat. 
f.  Walther  and  Hildegunda  continue  their  journey  homeward  ; 
.^.  Walther's  exploits  after  his  return  liome. 

2.  That  each  of  these  three  versions  presents  a  different  grouping 
of  Ethnical  elements. 

A. — Aleniannic  Version: 

a.  Attila,  King  of  the  Huns,  marches  against  Gibicho,  King  of 

Franks  ;  Heriricus,  King  of  the  Burgundians  ;  and  Alphere. 
King  of  the  Aquitanians. 

b.  Walther,  son  of  Alphere,  is  sent  as  hostage  to  Attila. 

c.  Hildegunde,  daughter   of  Heriricus,  is   sent  as  hostage   to 

Attila. 

d.  Hagen  is  sent  by  Gibicho  as  hostage  to  Attila. 

B. — Old  Norse  Version  : 

a.  Attila,  King  of  the  Huns,  having  his  seat  at  Susat,  forms  an 

alliance  with  Ermenrick,  King  of  Puli  (Apulia?). 

b.  Walther,   son   of  Ermenrick's    sister,   is   sent   with   tweh" 

knights  by  Ermenrick  as  hostage  to  Attila. 

c.  Hildegunde,  daughter  of  the  Jarl  of  Greece,  is  hostage  at 

Attila's  court. 

d.  Hagen,  son  of  King  Aldrian,  is  at  Attila's  court,  and  is  sent 

by  Attila,  with  eleven  other  knights,  to  pursue  Walther. 

Q.—  Polish  Version: 

a.  In  place  of  Attila  and  his  court  (as  represented  in  the  other 

two  versions)  we  have  here  a  King  of  the  Franks  and  his 
court. 

b.  Walther,  the  Robust,  Count  of  Tynecz,  in  Cracovia,  sojourns 

at  the  court  of  the  King  of  the  Franks,  to  learn  the  arts  o' 
chivalry. 


156  WALTHER  OF  AQUITAINE. 

c.  Hildegunde,  daughter  of  the  King  of  the  Franks,  is  at  her 

father's  court. 

d.  Instead  of  Hagen,    we   have   here   the  son  of  the  King  of 

Alemannia  who  is  at  the  court  of  Hildegunde 's  father. 
Wyslaus  the  Handsome,  Chief  of  Wylicia,  is  in  a  sense  the 
representative  of  Hagen,  as  Gunther's  ally. 


2.       HISTORICAL    ELEMENTS   OF    THE    WALTHKR    SAGA. 

The  borderland  between  saga  and  history  is  still  enchanted  ground. 
The  old  historians  were  fond  of  making  forays  into  this  magic  realm 
to  supply  the  missing  chapters  of  their  chronicles.  Less  chivalrous, 
though  not  less  bold  some  adventurous  scholars  of  the  present  gener- 
ation have  donned  the  veiling-cloak  and  dragged  the  facts  of  history 
back  into  the  mists  of  saga  and  myth. 

It  seems  time  now,  if  ever,  to  base  the  investigation  of  the  saga  (and 
so  far  as  possible  the  myth)  upon  a  firm  historical  foundation.  By 
this  procedure  alone  will  it  ever  be  oossible  to  separate  the  historical 
from  the  mythical  element.  Even  this  method  may  not  enable  us  to 
arrive  at  well-established  identification  of  many  mythical  and  historical 
personages';  but  it  will  clear  the  atmosphere  and  banish  many  fog- 
brewers  from  the  domain  of  Heroic  Saga  and  make  possible  the 
science  of  the  Heroic  Saga. 

The  essential  germ  of  the  historical  method  was  recognized  by  the 
great  pioneer  investigators  in  this  field,  Jacob  and  Wilhelm  Grimm.  2 
Since  the  days  of  the  Grimms  and  their  successors,  Lachmann  and 
Miillenhoff,  the  mythical  and  poetical  methods  of  saga  interpretation 
have  seemed  at  times  to  vie  in  no  unequal  contest  with  the  historical. 
At  present,  however,  the  historical  method  is  beginning  to  take  firm 
hold  upon  the  study  both  of  myth  and  sage.  3  In  determining  the 
historical  background  of  a  saga  two  considerations  must  be  kept 
in  view  : 

First: — That  there  are  various  strata  or  channels  of  histor>^  along 
which  events  are  transmitted,  and  that  the  most  trustworthy  of  these 
is  the  written  record.  But  the  range  of  events  recorded  in  the 
chronicles  is  as  narrow  as  the  events  are  sparse. 

Secondly : — That  behind  or  around  the  written  records  lies  a  vast 
unwritten  chronicle  which  is  transmitted  through  the  memory  of 
succeeding  generations.  In  this  latter  medium  of  transmission  facts 
assume  the  character  of  living  forces,  forming  new  combinations, 
taking  on  new  proportions,  acquiring  new  fervor  and  varied  colors, 
according  as  the  aims,  the  prejudices,  the  conditions,  or  the 
imagination  of  the  narrator  may  dictate.     It  is  this  second  medium  of 


1  Cf.  Vigfusson  and  Powell,  "  Siegfried-Arminius  "  (in  Grimm  Centenary):  Heinzel, 
"  Hagen-Aetius  "  ('  über  die  Wahhersage,'  s.  75  ff.) 

2  J.  Grimm,  "Gedanken  über  Mythos,  Epos  und  Geschichte"  (KI.  SS.  4.  74  ff.  1 ;  W. 
Grimm,  "  Zeugnisse  über  die  deutsche  Heldensage,"  D.  Wälder,  i.  195  ff. 

3  Cf.  Beer,  Germania  .vxxiii,  i  ff. ;  Bugge,  "  Über  die  Entsteh,  d  nord.  Gotter-u.  Helden- 
sagen ";  Heinzel,  "Über  die  Walthersage";  and  "Über  die  Ostgothische  Heldensage" 
{W.  Stzher.  119,  iii) ;  Symons  (in  Paul's  Grundriss,  ii,  i  ff.). 


158  WALTHER  OF  AQUITAINE. 

transmission,  tradition,  which  constitutes  the  chief  source  of  the  saga  ; 
and  it  is  as  much  the  duty  of  the  investigator  to  keep  in  view  the  trend 
of  tradition  underlying  the  development  of  saga  as  it  is  his  duty  to 
hold  fast  to  his  historical  moorings.  In  short,  in  the  study  of  culture 
and  belief  in  whatever  form,  it  is  quite  as  important  to  know  what 
tradition  says  as  to  know  what  recorded  history  recounts  of  the  great 
men  and  events  of  the  past.  But  in  order  to  separate  the  historical 
and  mythical  element  of  the  saga,  we  must  begin  with  history. 

The  Saga  of  Walther  of  Aquitaine  contains  clearly  recognizable  his- 
torical e'e.nents.  Before  proceeding  to  the  treatment  of  the  so-called 
mythical  elements,  it  will  be  well  to  eliminate  and  examine  the  his- 
torical. The  following  characters  have  a  well-authenticated  histori- 
cal record:  Ermanric,  Dietric,  Attila,  Helche  (Erka),  Gibico, 
Guntharius.  It  will  be  in  place  here  to  recall  the  essential  facts  of 
their  career  as  transmitted  by  history,  in  order  to  secure  a  suitable 
point  of  departure. 

Ermanric. — Ammianus  Marcellinus,  Ermanric's  contemporary, 
gives  the  following  account  of  him  : 

Igitur  Hunni  pervalis  Alanorum  regionibus,  quos  Greuthungis  con- 
fines Tanaitas  consuetudo  nominavit,  interfectisque  multis  et  spoliatis, 
reliquos  sibi  concordandi  fide  pacta  iunxerunt :  eisque  adiunctis,  con- 
fident! as  Ermenrichi  late  potentes  et  uberes  pagos  repentino  impetu 
perruperunt,  bellicossinii  regis,  et  per  multa  variaque  fortiter  facta 
vicinis  nationibus  formidati.  Qui  vi  subitae  procellae  perculsus, 
quamvis  manere  fundatus  et  stabilis  diu  conatus  est,  impenclentium 
tamen  dlritateni  augente  vulgatius  fama,  magnorum  discriminum 
metum  voluntaria  morte  sedavit  (31,  3.) 

Jordanes'  account  of  Ermanric  is  briefly  as  follows  : 
Some  time  after  the  death  of  Geberic,  who  was  the  King  of  the 
united  Gothic  peoples  about  331,  Ermanric  (Ermanaricus)  the 
noblest  of  the  Amali,  followed  as  King  of  the  Goths.  He  subjugated 
many  northern  peoples  to  his  rule,  so  that  the  old  historians  fittingly 
compared  him  to  Alexander  the  Great.  After  having  conquered  the 
"  Gothos,  Scythias,  Thuidos  in  Aunxis,  Vasinabroncas  iMerens,  Mor- 
densimnis,  Caris,  Rocas,  Tadzan,  Athual  Navego,  Buhegentas,  Col- 
das,"  4  he  marched  again.st  the  Heruli.  Having  subjugated  these  he 
vanquished  in  turn  the  Veneti,  Antes  (Entes),  Sclavi  (Sclaveni),  the 
Aestes  along  the  coast  of  the  German  Ocean,  "  so  that  he  ruled  over 
all  the  peoples  of  Scythia  and  Germania  as  over  his  own  subjects." 

The  tragic  end  of  Ermanric  is  thus  related  by  him  as  follows  : 
Quod  genus  expeditissimum  multarumque  nationum  grassatorem 
Getae  ut  viderunt,  paviscunt  suoque  cum  rege  deliberant,  qualiter 
tali  se  hoste  subducant.  Nam  Ermanaricus,  rex  Gothoruni,  licet,  ut 
superius  retulimus,  multarum  gentium  extiterat  triumphator,  de  Hun- 
norum  tamen  adventu  dum  cogitat,  Rosomonorum  (Rasomonorum 
Rosomorum,  Roxolanorum)  gens  infida  quae  tunc  inter  alios  illi  famu- 
latum  exhibebat,  tali  eum  nanciscitur  occasione  decipere.  Dum  enim 
quandam  mulierem  Suniida  (Sunihil,  Sunielh)  nomine  ex  gentememo- 
rata  pro  mariti  fraudulento  discessu  rex  furore  commotus  equis  fero- 
cibus  inligatam  incitatisque  cursibus  per  diversa  divelli  praecipisset, 

4  Cf.  Cap.  23. 


u  '.I  L  TI  I  ER  OF  A  Q  (  UTA  INR. 


159 


fratres  eins  Sarus  et  Anunius  (laniniius,  Amiiius,  Animus)  C/tTinanae 
obitum  viiidicaiites,  Knnanarici  latus  ferro  petitnint ;  quo  vulnere  sae- 
\  ins  egrani  corporis  iinliecillitate  contraxit.  Ouam  adversani  captans 
Halaniber(Belaml)er,  lialaniir,  Ralanuir)rex  Hunnorum  in  Ost roj^ot he- 
rum parte  movit  procinctum,  a  (juorum  societate  iam  X'esegothae 
ciuadam  inter  se  intenlione  seiuncti  liahehantur.  Inter  haec  ICrmana- 
ricus  tain  vuliieris  dolore  (juam  etiam  Hunnorum  incursionihus  non 
ferens  i^randevus  et  plenus  dierum  ceutesimo  decinio  anno  vitae  suae 
defiuictus  est.  Cuius  mortis  occasio  dedit  Hunnis  praevalere,  in 
I'lntliis  iilis  ciuos  dixeramus  orientali  plaga  federe  et  Ostrogothas  nun- 
cupari.     (Cap.  24.) 

It  is  evident  at  a  first  glance  that  Jordanes  lias  drawn  his  account, 
in  part  at  least,  from  an  already  well-developed  Ermanric  saga,  but 
a  comparison  of  his  account  with  that  of  Ammianus  will  show  that 
certain  trustworthy  historical  facts  are  common  to  both  and  constitute 
a  firm  historical  basis  for  the  Ermanric  saga  (cf.  Ths.  below).  What 
the  later  chroniclers— Flodoardus  ('Hist.  Eccles.  Remensis,'  4,5); 
Chronicon  Ouedlinburgense  (Menken,  '  SS.  Rer.  Germ.,'  iii,  170); 
Eckehardus  ('Chronicon  Urspergense,' p.  85») ;  Otto  von  Freisingen 
^Chronicon  v,  3);  Saxo  Grammaticus  (Stephan,  L.  viii,  p.  154-157) — 
iiave  to  say  of  Ermanric,  where  not  based  upon  Ammianus  and 
Jordanes,  must  be  regarded  as  history  highly  tinged  with  the  color  of 
mediaeval  tradition,  and  belongs  rather  to  the  Saga  than  to  the  history 
of  Ermanric. 

Herininericus,  one  of  the  two  Roman  Consuls  in  the  year  465,  may 
be  mentioned  here  as  having  had  some  possible  influence  upon  the 
traditional  account  of  the  great  Gothic  King  Ermanric  of  the  fourth 
century.  5  This  Herminericus  was  the  son  of  Aspar,  a  Goth  or  Alan, 
and  survived  Aspar,  who  was  assasinated  in  471,  A.  D.^ 

Her)neric,  leader  of  the  Suevi  in  411,  A.  D.,  may  possibly  have 
been  confused  in  the  popular  mind  with  the  somewhat  similar 
name  of  the  Gothic  Ermanric  (Hermanaric).  The  record  of  Her- 
meric's  career  is  brief.  He  appears  as  leader  of  the  Suevi  411,  A.D., 
when  they,  with  the  Asding  Vandals  under  Gunderic  occupied  Gal- 
licia.7  Hermeric  and  his  Suevi  were  attacked  by  Gunderic  and  the 
Asding  Vandals  in  419,  A.  D.,  and  shut  in  among  the  Nervian  moun- 
tains for  a  year.s  Hermeric  led  the  Suevi  into  the  territory  abandoned 
by  the  Vandals  to  Genseric;  but  Hermeric  was  defeated  by  Genseric 
near  Merida  and,  compelled  to  flee,  perished  in  the  waters  of  the 
Guadiana.9 

Theoderic,  the  East  G-oth. — The  account  given  of  Theoderic  the 
East  Goth  by  Jordanes, "o  Procopius,"  Anonymus  Valesii,"  briefly 
summarized,  is  as  follows  : 

Theoderic  born  about  454,  A.  D.,  was  the  son  of  Theodemir,  one  of 


S  Ct".  K.  Hofmann,  Am.  f.  d.  A,  xiv,  289. 

6'  Roncallius,  Vetustiora  Latinorum  Scriptorum  Chronica,'  ii,  587.    PataviT,  1787. 

7  Dahn,  '  Könige  der  Germanen,'  i,  144.         %  IHd.^  i,  147.        g  IbiiL,  i,  151. 

~         Of  THi         r 
UNIVERglTY 


^/-IFORNł^ 


1 60  WA  L  TH  ER  OF  AQ  U  ITA  INE. 

• 
the  three  brothers  ruling  the  East  Goths  then  settled  in  Pannonia. 

When  seven  years  old  Theoderic  was  sent  as  hostage  to  the  court  of 
Constantinople,  where  he  remained  three  years.  Having  returned 
with  a  comitatus  of  ten  thousand  men,  he  surprised  the  Sarmatians 
and  captured  the  city  of  Singidunum  (Belgrade).  In  473  he  aided 
Theodemir  in  settling  the  East  Goths  near  Thessalonica  as  allies 
(foederati)  of  the  empire.  After  Theodemir's  death,  about  474, 
Theoderic  waged  wars  fourteen  years  against  Emperor  Zeno  and  his 
rival,  the  Gothic  chieftain  Theoderic,  son  of  Triarius.  In  48S  Theodeic 
began  his  four  years  invasion  and  conquest  of  Italy.  Passing  around 
the  Venitian  Gulf  he  encountered  the  Gepidae,  and  atSontius  (Isonzo) 
was  met  by  Odoacer.  He  gained  two  victories  over  Odoacer,  one  at 
Sontius  (Aug.  28,  489),  another  at  Verona  (Sept.  30,  489) ;  when  Odoacer 
fled  to  Ravenna.  Then  came  the  three  years  of  treachery  by  Tufa,  a 
deserter  from  Odoacer,  and  by  Frederic  the  Rugian,  companion  of 
Theoderic.  The  Burgundians  came  to  Odoacer's  relief,  but  he  was 
defeated  by  Theoderic  at  the  Pine  Wood.  The  siege  of  Ravenna  was 
raised  Feb.  30,  493,  by  capitulation  ;  Theoderic  violated  the  treaty  and 
slew  Odoacer  with  his  own  hand  March  15,  493.  Then  followed  the 
thirty  years  of  Theoderic's  peaceful  rule  in  Italy.  During  this  period 
he  had  marshes  drained,  harbours  built,  and  agriculture  improved. 
Burdened  by  remorse  for  the  execution  of  Boetius  and  Symmachus 
he  died  Aug.  30,  526. 

Theoderic  /,  the  West  Goth,  who  is  sometimes  confused  with  the 
Ostrogoth,  was  chosen  successor  to  Wallia  (419,  or  420,  A.  D.),  at- 
tempted (426)  to  gain  possession  of  Aries,  the  center  of  Roman 
authority  in  Gaul,  but  was  prevented  in  his  attempt  by  Aetius. 
In  436  Theoderic,  seeing  the  Romans  engaged  in  war  with  the  Bur- 
gundians, laid  siege  to  Narbonne,  but  was  baffled  by  the  crafty 
Strategen!  of  Count  Litorius.  Unwilling  to  withdraw  at  the  request  of 
Avitus,  and  beaten  by  Litorius,  Thederic  retreated  behind  the  walls 
of  Toulouse,  whence  he  again  sallied  forth  against  the  Romans,  as 
opportunity  offered,  and  attempted  to  plant  his  standard  on  the  banks 
of  the  Rhone,  but  through  Orientius'  intervention  he  finally  made 
peace  with  Aetius. 

Theoderic  next  prepared  to  attack  Genseric,  King  of  the  Vandals, 
but  the  latter  encouraged  Attila  to  essay  the  conquest  of  Gaul.  Theo- 
deric, deceived  by  Attila's  promises  and  encouraged  by  Avitus,  joined 
the  Romans  against  the  Huns,  and  fell  in  battle  on  the  Catalaunian 
plains,  in  451. 

Cf.  also  Theoderic  II  who  became  the  King  of  the  West  Goths  in 
453  by  the  assassination  of  his  brother,  Thorismund.  Allied  with  the 
Romans,  he  tried  to  have  Avitus  elected  Emperor  as  successor  to 
Maximus.  Theoderic  soon  afterward  crossed  the  Pyrenees  and  won  a 
signal  victory  over  the  King  of  the  Suevi  near  the  river  Urbicus.  After 
the  death  of  Avitus  he  was  compelled  to  return  home  to  defend  his 

10  •  De  Rebus  Getecis,'  Cap.  Iv-Iix.  n  '  De  Bello  Gothico,'  Lib.  i,  cap.  i. 

12  Wagner's  Ed.  I,  pp.  609  ff. 


UALTIIEk  OF  AOriTArSE.  l6i 

uwn  land  against  A.c^iulf.  He  allied  himself  with  Genserir  aj^^ainst 
Majorian,  but  was  obliged  at  length  to  unite  with  Majorian  against 
the  Vandals.  Theoderic  II  was  assassinated  bv  his  brother  Eurir  in 
466. 

Attila.— Of  all  the  characters  of  Germanic  Saga,  none  has  left  a 
deeper  and  more  distinct  impress  upon  tradition  than  Attila,  (the  son 
Mundzuc,  or  Mundiuch),  King  of  the  Huns,  Scourge  of  God.  The 
career  of  this  meteor  of  history  is  recorded  with  much  detail  by  Fris- 
cus,'3  Cassiodorus.M  Jordanes'5  and  others.  Briefly  summarized  it 
runs  thus : 

First  period,  Conquests  in  the  East.  After  the  deathof  their  uncle, 
Rua,  (433)  the  brothers  Bleda  and  Attila  succeeded  to  the  rule  of  the 
Huns.  Having  made  a  treaty  with  the  Romans  they  set  out  to  sub- 
due the  Scythian  peoples.  Attila  put  his  brother  Hleda  out  of  the 
way  (445)  and  thus  became  sole  ruler  of  the  Huns.  Having  found  the 
old  "sword  of  Mars,"  which  was  sacred  to  the  Scythians  and  had  not 
been  seen  for  ages,  he  renewed  his  wars  with  fresh  vigor  and  at  length 
forced  Rome  to  an  ignominious  treaty. 

Attila's  second  great  movement,  initiated  by  his  conflicts  with 
the  Romans,  was  the  campaign  against  the  Germanic  peoples  of  the 
west.  While  his  eyes  were  thus  turned  westward,  encouragements 
came  from  two  directions:  one  from  Geneseric  "the  fearful  Van- 
dal," 16  the  other  from  one  of  the  Prankish  princes,  who  sought 
Attila's  aid  against  the  united  force  of  Aetius  and  the  other  Prankish 
prince.  Attila  accordingly  advanced  westward  with  five  hundred 
tiio-:sandi7  men,  feigning  to  the  Romans  (\'alentinian)  that  he 
intended  to  attack  the  West  Goths,  and  to  Theoderic,  the  West  Goth, 
that  he  wished  to  free  Gaul  from  the  Roman  yoke.  In  the  year  451 
Attila's  army  appeared  in  two  main  divisions  :  one  moving  along  the 
right  bank  of  the  Danube  via  Augst  to  the  Upper  Rhine,  the  other 
coming  around  the  Odenwald  toward  Mainz.  The  southern  division 
probably  passed  via  Strassburg  to  Metz,  while  the  northern  went  via 
Trier  through  Belgium  toward  Paris,  though  it  seems  not  to  have 
reached  this  city.^s  Attila  was  with  the  former  division  at  Metz. 
Having  plundered  and  burned  Scarpona  and  Kheims,  he  marched  on 
via  Chalons,  Troyes  and  Sens  toward  Orleans.  Aetius  meanwhile  had 
crossed  the  Alps,  united  with  the  forces  of  Gaul — 

"  Pranci,  Sarmatae,  Armoriciani,  Liticiani,  Burgundiones,  Sa.xones, 
Ripuarioli,  Briones,  quondam  niilites  Romani,  tunc  vero  jam  ill 
numero  au.xiliorum  exquisiti,  aliique  nonnulli  Celticae  vel  Germanicae 
nationes — "19 

and  secured  through   Avitus  the    co-operation     of    Theoderic,   the 
West  Goth.     Aetius  with  his  vast  armv  of  united   Romans,  Germans 


13  lovßf.ia   ForO/xn  I,  fiF.     [MuUerus  (Didot),  vol.  iv,  72.] 

14  Ad.  M.  A.  Cassiodori,  Op.  Appendix  412  ff.         15'  De  Rebus  Getecis,"  cap.  33  ff. 
16  Dahn,  K.  d.  G.,  i,  150.         17  Seven  hundred  thousand  according  to  other  accounts. 
18  Wietersheim,  'Gesch.  d.  Volkerwanderung,'  v,  355.  19  Jordanes,  Cap.  36. 


i62  WAL  THER  OF  AQ  U  ITA  IN E. 

and  Celts  surprised  Attila  at  Orleans  and  caused  him  to  retreat  to  the 
plain  of  Champagne  between  Chalons  and  Verdun  or,  accordiug  to 
Jordanes  and  his  authority  Cassiodorus,  to  the  Catalaunian  plains. 
Here  the  armies  met  and  in  that  world-renowned  battle  which  turned 
the  tide  of  Hunish  conquests  from  the  West  and  banished  the 
"Scourge  of  God  "  from  the  banks  of  the  Rhine.  The  following  year 
(452-53)  Attila  advanced  into  Italy  and  plundered  Aquileja,  the 
Venetian  territory,  the  plain  of  Lombardy  even  to  the  Po.  Soon 
after  this  (453),  Attila  died  of  hemorrhage  on  the  bridal  night  with  his 
new  wife  Ildico. 

Erca,  Helcho. — Before  attempting  any  discussion  of  the  three 
different  names  given  to  Attila's  queen  in  the  Walther  Saga,  let 
us  see  if  traces  of  them  are  to  be  found  in  history.  Here  mention  is 
made  of  two  of  Attila's  numerous  wives,  Kreka  (Lat.  Cerca)  and  Ildico, 
whose  names  are  not  unlike  Erca  and  Helche  of  our  Saga. 

Kreka.  Priscus^o  gives  the  following  account  of  Kreka,  Attila's 
queen: 

''Eycä  Se  t^  vovEpaia.  siC  tov  ''ArrpXa  nEpißoXv  dtpiHvovjuat,  Scopa 
rff  avTov  HouiZaov  ya/uer-^-  Kpsna  dk  uvojua  avrff,  £?  77C  avrcp  Ttal- 
dei  eyeyovEöav  rpEti,  gov  ó  TtpEößvvEpoi  t/px^  räv  ^Axaripcov  nai 
T(äv  XoiTtcay  eQvgov  vejuo/uevojv  tt/v  Ttpoi  Tov  növTov  SxvQtxTJv. 
"EvSov  öl  TOV  TrEpißoÄ.ov  TtXElora  erv'yxocvEv  oiH7fjuaTa,  rd  /.lav  kx 
öaviScDv  £yyXvq)03v  uai  rjpßoöixevwv  Eii  EVTtpenEiav,  rd  öe  tu  So- 
xäv  MExaQap/aävoov  nai  itpoi  EvQvrr^ra  ETtE^Eojusvoov,  sjußsßXrjjitE- 
voov  dk  Z,vXoi'i  [uvKXovi]  dnotEXovöiv  oi  8k  hvhXoi  eh  tov  iödcpovi 
dpxönEvoi  £5  vipü<i  dvißaivov  i^ETpiooi.  ""EvravOa  T7ji''ATTj}Xa  EySicxi- 
TQOß£vr)<i  yauErr/i,  Sld  roJv  ff/aoS  r^  fJvpa.  ßapßdpoov  ervxov  EtoöSov, 
Hai  avrrjv  sni  órpoó/naro?  /xaXanov  MEtjusvTfv  navEXaßov,  roii  eh  rr}% 
\piaZ  TtiXcoroli  tov  kSdcpovi  dHE7toj.i£Vov,  wóte  sit  avToov  ßa8i%£iv. 
IlEpteiTtE  ök  avTTJv  BspoacdvToov  TtXrfQoi  hvhXcü-  uai  ^Epditaviai  eiti 
TOV  kSdtpovi  dvTiKpv  avTr^?  HaOt/jasvcu  uOo'vai  ^p&j'/'^öj  SiEnoixiX- 
Aor,  ETtßXr]')i]6oßEvaZ  TtpoZ  xöößov  kof^JUidTnov  ßapßapiH(Sv.  UpoOEX- 
Hoöv  Toivvi'  HLxl  Td  dä)pa  i^iETd  tov  doTiaoßdv  Sovi  vTtEhfEir,Hai£nt 

TU  ETEpa  sßdSlZoV   oilHtinaTCt,  EV  oh  SuXTpißElV  TOV  'ATTT/XaV  ETVy- 

XavEVy  ditEHdExönEvoi    óitÓTE  ETtEcJMoi  'Ovyjyijoio';-  7/87/    yap  dno 
n'  avTov  OLX7//idToav  EUX7/XvfiEi  xai£v8ov  r/v.     NlETaiv    8k  rojT 


yti    ,  .  ^  , 

r/naTOi  ßaSiZoov  Ooßapc^i,  t^8e  xdnsi  itEpißXETto'/iEvoÖ.  'D,?  8kv7r£^^- 
eXOgüv  dvv  r&j  'Ov7/ył/6i(i3  e6t7/  npo  tov  olH7fßaToi,  ttoXXoi  {8k)  tgjv 

du<i>l6ßt/T7/6Eli    Ttpoi    dXX7/X0V<i    kxOVTCOV    TlpOOT^EÖaV    HCXl    T7)v    aVTOV 

xpioiv   eSexovto.      KiTcx  anav^Ei   &5c  ro   o'iH7/iia,  xaj   TtpEößsiC   7ta,j 
avTÖv  T/Hovrcxi  ßcxpßdpovi  ć(5£^£ro. 
'Ev  TovToy  8k  Hai  r/  'Pixav  (leg.  xal  Kpäua,  ut  supra)  »7  tov  ArTr/Xa 


MuUerus'  'Fragmenta'  (Didot's  Ed.),  iv,  89,  93. 


WAL  THER  OF  AQ  VITA  INE.  1 63 

/ixuerri  itapd  \lÓaf.iei  roJK  avTrjS  npixyndrcuiv  ti)v  inirpont/y  f.x^)*'^' 
oeinveiv  iJM'Xi  TrapsxolXsi.  Kai  nap  avrov  eMövrei  ixfta  rtöi  roy 
Ik  tov  eOvovi  XoyäSony  (ptXocppoovytfi  irvxo^iey.  'ESeaiovro  6k  ^//^«^ 
/.lEiXixioii  TE  XJyoii  Hai  ry  tööv  iSao^iitooy  napaoxEv^.  Kai  tnaóniC 
Tay  napöyrooy  ShvOih^  (piXoriftüx  xvXixa  Tfi.nv  nXvpt)  /itayiórd^ie- 
yoi  idiSov,  xal  rov  tunioyva  nspißaXc^v  xal  <ptX7f6ai  ravry/y  l^fX- 
ETO.     Met(x  6k  TO  ^FiTToy  tnl  Tijy  6x7/y>}y  EXf>óyTE<i  h  vnvov  trpani/- 

/itEV.^i 

The  account  of  Kreka  given  by  Priscus  is,  then,  briefly  this :  As 
Attila's  queen  (par  excellence,  it  would  seem)  she  bears  him  tliree 
sons,  the  eldest  of  whom  was  made  King  of  the  Acatiri,  the  others 
becoming  reguli  of  other  tribes  or  nations  ;  she  is  presented  with  gifts 
by  the  Roman  legate,  Maximus ;  she  invites  the  Romans  to  a  feast 
and  has  domestic  treasures  of  which  Adamis  is  the  custodian.  While 
Kreka  was  doubtless  the  historical  original  of  Erca  (Herkia,  Herche, 
Helche),  the  last  of  Attila's  wives,  Ildico,  can  scarcely  have  been 
forgotten  by  the  saga-tellers. 

Ildico.  Jordanes  gives  the  following  account  of  Ildico,  Attila's  last 
wife,  and  of  the  fatal  bridal  night: 

Qui  [Attila],  ut  Priscus  historicus  refert,  extinctionis  suae  tem- 
pore puellam,  Ildico  nomine,  decoram  valde,  sibi  in  matrimoniam 
post  innumerabiles  uxores,  ut  mos  erat  gentis  illius,  socians,  eiusque 
in  nuptis  nimia  hilaritate  resolutus  vino  somnoque  gravatus 
resupinus  jacebat  redundansque  sanguis,  qui  ei  sollte  de  naribus 
effluebat,  dum  consuetis  meatibus  impeditur,  itinere  ferali  faucibus 
illapsus  cum  extinxit.  Sequente  vero  luce,  quum  magna  pars  diei 
fuisse  exempta,  ministri  regii,  triste  aliquid  suspicantes,  post  clamores 
maximos  fores  effringunt  inveniuntque  Attilae  sine  vulnere  necem 
sanguinis  effusione  peractam,  puellamque  demisso  vultu  sub  velamine 
lacrimantem."22 

This  account  of  Jordanes  seems  to  be  based  upon  a  lost  chapter  of 
Priscus,  hence  the  interpretation  of  a  part  of  Jordanes'  cap.  49  as  cap. 
23  of  Priscus. 23 

Gibica. — Gibica  appears  among  the  names  of  the  Burgundian  Kings 
of  worthy  memory,  mentioned  in  the  '  Lex  Burgundionum,'  iii: 

"Si  quos  apud  Regiae  memoriae  auctores  nostros,  id  est  Gibicam. 
Godomarem,  Gislaharium,  patrem  quoque  nostrum  et  patruos,  liberos 
fuisse  constiterit,  in  eadem  libertate  permaneant :  quicunciue  sub 
eisdem  fuerint  obnoxii  Servitute,  in  nostro  dominio  perse verunt." 
(Bouquet,  iv,  257,  e). 

CrUndicarius,  King  of  the  Burgundians,  is  mentioned  as  a  contem- 
porary of  Aetius  and  Attila.  His  compact  with  Aetius,  who  had 
worsted  him  in  war  in  the  year  435,  A.  D.,  is  thus  recorded  in  the 
Chronicle  of  Prosperus  Aquitanus  : 

"  Eodem  tempore  [about  435,  A.  D.J  Gundicarium  Burgundionum 
Regem  intra  Gallias  habitantem  Aetius  bello  obtinuit,  pacemque  ei 

21 /(5;(/.,  iv,  93.        22  Cap.  49.        23Cf.  MuUerus  (Didot),  iv,  p.  loi. 


i64  WALTHER  OF  AQUITAINE. 

supplicant!   dedit ;    qua   non  potitus  est,  siquidem  ilium  Chuni  cum 
populo  suo  ac  stirpe  deleverunt."  ^4 

Gundicarius'  defeat  by  Attila  in  the  following  year  (436)  is  men- 
tioned by  Paulus  Diaconus  in  his  '  Libello  de  Episcopis  IMettensibus  ' 
as  follows : 

"  Eo  igitur  tempore  [436  A.  D.],  cum  reverendus  his  Praesul  vitam 
cunctis  virtutibus  decoratum  duceret,  Attila  Rex  Hunnorum  omnibus 
belluis  crudelior,  habens  multas  barbaras  nationes  suo  subjectas 
dominio,  postquam  Gundigarium  Burgundionum  Regem  sibi  occurren- 
tem  protriverat  ad  universas  deprimendas  Gallias  suae  saevitiae 
relaxavit  habenas/'^s 

The  same  event  is  referred  to  in  the  '  Historia  Miscella  '  by  Paulus 
Diaconus  : 

"Attila  itaque  primo  impetu,  mox  ut  Gallias  ingressus  est  Gundi- 
carium  regem  Burgundiorum  sibi  occurrentem  protrivit,  pacemque  ei 
supplicanti  dedit." 

In  this  account  ofAttila's  subjugation  of  the  Burgundians  (436), 
there  is  doubtless  confusion  of  the  overthrow  of  Gundicarius  by  the 
Huns,  serving  as  Roman  mercenaries  (436),  with  the  expedition  of 
Attila  (451). 20  May  not  the  two  divisions  ofAttila's  army  in  451  have 
further  confused  the  account? 

Gtciitiarius. — Olympiodorus  of  Thebes,  states  27  that  Guntiarius 
(Greek  form  Guntiarios)  praefect  («pi/Aorp^oC)  of  the  Burgundians,  and 
Goar,  praefect  of  the  Alans,  proclaimed  Jovinus  Emperor  at  Mainz  41 1 , 
or  412.  That  this  Guntiarius  is  the  same  as  Gundicarius  mentioned 
above,  seems  probable.  In  the  minds  of  later  generations  at  any  rate 
they  would  naturally  have  become  identical. 

It  is  possible,  also,  that  traces  of  other  famous  characters  of  the 
same,  or  similar  names,  have  been  added  to  some  of  the  traditional 
accounts  of  Gundicarius  ;  as,  for  example,  of  Gundericus,  the  king  of 
the  Vandals. 

Gundericus,  King  of  the  Vandals,  from  406-428.  The  main  facts  of 
Gundericus'  career  are  the  following  :  In  the  year  419  at  the  head  of 
the  Asdings,  he  attacked  Hermericus,  the  leader  of  the  Suevi,  and 
held  them  shut  in  for  a  year  among  the  Nerva  Mountains.  Having 
united  the  Alans  to  his  kingdom,  he  formed  a  host  superior  to  the 
Suevi,  Goths  and  Romans.  In  the  year  422  his  Vandals  and  Alans 
defeated  Castinus,  the  Roman  magister  niilihini,  together  with  his 
West  Gothic  mercenaries,  compelling  them  to  flee,  with  the  loss  of 
twenty  thousand  men,  to  Tarragona.  In  the  year  425  Gundericus 
made  conquest  of  the  cities  of  Carthagena  and  Sevilla.  About  two 
years  later,  427  or  428,  Gundericus  perished  in  battle,  probably  while 
fighting  against  the  Suevi.  According  to  tradition,  he  was  visited  by 
God's  chastisment  for  plundering  the  churches  in  Sevilla. 28 


24  Bouquet,  i,  631,  B.        25  Ibid.,  i,  631  ;  Pertz,  ii,  262. 

a6Cf.  Wietersheim,  G.  d.  V.,  iv,  353  ff.         27  Mullerus,  '  Fragmenta  '  (Didot,  iv). 

28  Cf.  Dahn,  '  Könige  der  Germanen/  i,  143-151,  182,  210,  215,  241. 


irA  L  Til  ER  OF  .1 Q  U I TA I  XE.  1 65 

The  toiegoini;  historical  account  furnislies  an  ample  iiisturical  back- 
sJTOund  for  the  Walther  Saga.  It  requires  no  forced  reasoninjj  to 
identify  in  the  ciiaracters  of  the  Saga,  Attila,  King  of  the  Huns  ;  Kreka. 
his  queen  ;  Ernianric,  King  of  the  Gotiis;  Theoderic,  the  Ostrogotii  ; 
Gibica,  the  King  of  the  Burgundians ;  Gundicarius,  also  King  of  the 
i5urgundians  at  the  time  of  their  overthrow  by  the  Huns,  while  they 
dwelt  along  the  Rhine — the  epical  period  of  their  history.  Thus  a 
compairison  will  show  that  Attila  corresponds  to  Attila  and  Etzel  of 
the  Saga;  Kreka  to  Erca,  Herche,  Helche  (cf.  Miillenhoff  Zeitschrift, 
\o,  170  ff.;  Grimm  Hs3.  76,  393) ;  Ermanric  to  /Erminrikr;  Theoderic  to 
Deodric,  Dietrich,  Thi^rekr ;  Gibica  toGibicoand  Gibicho;  Gundicari- 
us to  Gu^Jhere,  Guntharius  (cf.  Jahn,  Gesch.  d.  Burg,  i,  303).  The 
name  Ospirin  given  to  Attila's  queen  in  the  Waltharius  seems  to  be 
peculiar  to  this  version  of  the  Saga  (cf.  Zeitschrift,  10,  171  IT.). 


3-    Legendary  Elements. 

In  addition  to  the  historical  elements,  which  are  readily  identified, 
the  Walther  Saga  contains  a  class  of  characters  which,  doubtless, 
reflect  actual  history,  but  which  can  only  be  indistinctly  traced  in  the 
historical  records  handed  down  to  us.  To  regard  these  characters  as 
purely  legendary  is  to  ignore  the  relation  of  history  to  tradition,  and 
to  misconceive  the  processes  by  which  the  historical  Saga  is  devel" 
oped.  On  the  other  hand,  to  begin  the  interpretation  of  such  charac- 
ters by  tracing  them  in  the  Eddie  Lays  is  to  complicate  the  problem 
and  vitiate  the  conclusions ;  because  these  Lays,  though  in  many  cases 
containing  very  early  forms  of  the  Sagas,  present  these  characters  in 
combination  with  distinctively  Northern  legendary  and  mythical  ele- 
ments. 

Thus  the  characters  which  we  designate  as  Legendary :  Hagen, 
Heriricus,  Hildegunde,  Alphere,  Walther;  and  the  knights,  who 
attack  Walther  in  single  combat  at  the  Wasgenstein :  Camelo, 
Ekevrid,  Eleuter  (Helmnod),  Gerwicus,  Hadawart,  Kimo  (Scaramun- 
dus),  Patavrid,  Randolf,  Tanastus,  Trogus,  Wurhardus — if  not  trace- 
able in  historical  record,  are  at  least  the  outgrowth  of  a  historical  past 
and  not  inventions,  pure  and  simple.  This  is  clear  from  the  faint 
historical  traces  of  the  names,  which  may  be  briefly  stated  here. 

Hagen.  Heinzel=9  has  made  a  skillful  attempt  to  identify  Hagen 
with  Aetius,  and  the  coincidences  between  the  two  he  sums  up  briefly 
as  follows : 

1.  The  name  Hagathiau  for  Hagen's  father  in  the  Waltharius  ; 

2.  The  repeated  sojourns  of  Aetius  among  the  Huns,  as  hostage 
and  fugitive,  and  the  sojourn  of  his  son  there  as  hostage  ; 

3.  The  historical  position  of  Aetius;  first  as  friend,  and  then  as  foe 
of  the  Huns  ;  consequently  as  friend  of  the  Germanic  foes  of  the  Huns, 
the  Burgundians ; 

4.  The  Burgundians  fighting  on  the  side  of  Aetius  against  Attila, 
in  the  year  451 ; 

5.  The  Germanizing  of  Aetius  by  his  marriage  with  a  Gothic  prin- 
cess ; 

6.  The  diplomacy  of  Aetius,  which  might  appear  as  the  cowardice 
of  Hagathiu  ; 

7.  The  accusation  of  Aetius  as  the  assassin  of  Attila  through 
Hildico ; 

8.  The  avenging  of  Attila's  murder  by  his  subjects. 


jg  *  Walther  Saga/  S.  63  ff.;  75  ff.  '  Nibelungen  Saga/W.  S.  B.  109,  672,  1:4,  495, 


WAL  TH  ER  OF  A  UQITA  INE.  1 67 

Besides  these,  the  general  accord  that  both  were  great  warriors  and 
commanders,  and  that  in  the  '  Nibelungenlied'  Hagen  is  Sc/iarmcis- 
ter,  as  Aetius  was  tnagisfer  milituni. 

Other  considerations  in  Heinzel's  argument  are  perhaps  even  more 
weighty  than  some  of  the  coincidences  noted  above.     Such  are  : 

1.  Identification  of  Aldrian,  Hagen's  father,  with  Alaric  I,  the  West 
Gothic  king,  at  whose  court  Aetius  lived  from  about  his  tenth  to  his 
fourteenth  year,  Alaric's  affection  for  Aetius  thus  giving  rise  to  the 
popular  tradition  that  lie  was  Aetius'  father. 

2.  The  possible  confusion  in  Epic  tradition  of  this  Alaric  with  Alaric 
II,  who  ruled  in  Gaul  and  fell  at  Vougls  while  fighting  against  the 
Franks,  in  the  year  507. 

Whether  Heinzel's  identification  of  Hagen  with  Aetius  be  accepted 
or  rejected,  it  must  remain  a  masterly  attempt  at  historical  interpre- 
tation of  obscure  legendary  elements. — Scherer's  identification  of 
Walther  with  Aetius  will  be  discussed  below  in  connection  with  Wal- 
ther. 

If  we  turn,  now,  to  find  the  name  of  Hagen  in  history,  our  eye  falls 
first  upon  one  closely  resembling  Hagen,  Aigyna  (Aighyna,  Aiginus) 
the -principle  events  of  whose  career,  so  far  as  they  are  recorded,  are 
the  following  :3o 

In  626  A.  D.  Aigyna  guarded,  as  duke,  the  Prankish  frontier  along 
the  banks  of  the  Garonne,  against  the  inroads  of  the  Wascons.  In 
the  same  year  he  effected  the  banishment  of  Palladius,  and  his  son 
Seducus,  Bishop  of  Toloso,  for  having  been  accomplices  in  the  upris- 
ing of  the  Wascons.  The  following  year  he  allowed  his  rival. 
Ermenar,  to  be  assassinated  at  Clichy,  thus  giving  rise  to  a  seditious 
outbreak.  In  the  year  635  he  led  a  corps  of  the  Burgundian-Frankish 
army  (probably  his  own  retainers)  against  Wasconia,  and  afterward 
conducted  the  humiliated  Wascons  to  the  palace  of  Clichy  to  obtain 
their  pardon  of  Dagobert. 

This  Aigyna,  whom  Fredegar  calls  "  a  noble  Saxon,"  seems  to  be 
the  nearest  approach  in  these  early  historical  records  to  the  Hagano 
(Haganus,  Agano:.*  Chron,  Noval.')  of  the  Walther  Saga.  It  is  not 
impossible  that  some  of  the  situations  in  this  Saga  find  their  expla- 
nation in  the  career  of  Aigyna.  The  following  considerations  may 
be  suggested  here : 

1.  Aigyna  is  a  noble  Saxon  ;  3' 

2.  Aigyna  takes  part  in  the  Burgundian-Frankish  attack  upon  the 
Wascons ;  32 

3.  Aigyna,  as  duke  under  Frankish  authority,  would  explain  Hagen's 
coming  from  Troja  (Tronje) ;  33 


30'Fredegarii  Chronicum,'  Cap.  54.        31  Cf.  "  Nobilii  hoc  Hagano,"  etc.     W.  »7. 

32  Cf.  Hagano's  relation,  as  vassal  of  Gibicho  and  Guntharius.     W.  39,  116  ff. 

33  Cf.   Hagen   von  Tronege.   Nibelungenlied    (Zarncke)   267,  7;    Hagano  ....  Indolis 
egregiae   ueniens   de   germine   Troiae.      W.  28;   Hagen  aff  Trönia,   O.  S.  D.  365,  2;   aff 

Tröya  340,  5;  367,  7. 


1 68  ^VA  L  TH  ER  OF  AQ  U  ITA  INE. 

4.  Aigyna's  position  as  protector  of  the  Aquitainian  border  might 
explain  Hagen's  being  witness  at  the  betrothal  of  Walther  and 
Hildegeunde.34 

5.  Aigyna's  conquest  of  the  Wascons  might  have  given  rise  to  the 
conception  of  Hagen  as  the  father  of  Hilde,  of  Portegal  ;  35 

6.  The  cruel  character  of  Aigyna  would  serve  as  the  parallel  for  the 
grim-visaged  Hagen  of  the  Nibelungenlied. 

7.  Aigyna  was  also  a  contemporary  of  the  furious  Brunhildę  (whose 
character  is  reflected  in  the  Nibelungenlied  ?). 36 

What,  then,  is  the  value  of  this  parallel  between  Aigyna,  the  Sax- 
on, and  Hagen,  as  compared  with  Heinzel's  identification  of  Hagen 
and  Aetius  ?  The  situation  at  present  with  regard  to  these,  as  to 
many  other  legendary  characters,  is  this :  such  identifications  rest 
upon  too  bare  a  basis  of  detail  to  amount  to  positive  proof.  In  the 
case  of  unmistakable  historical  characters  like  Ermanric,  Theoderic, 
and  Attila,  whose  deeds  belong  to  the  political  history  of  the  world, 
and  have  come  down  in  written  record,  it  is  not  difficult  to  follow  the 
thread  of  history  through  mazes  of  myth  and  saga.  But  in  the  case  of 
characters  whose  deeds  have  appeared  in  history  either  in  desultory 
jottings,  or  where  recorded  more  in  detail,  appear  under  names  dififer- 
ent  from  those  handed  down  by  legendary  tradition,  historical  identi- 
fication is  peculiarly  difficult,  and  is  long  in  finding  general  accept- 
ance. This  is  seen  in  the  cases  of  the  master  attempts  of  Vigfusson- 
Powell,  (Siegfried-Arminiuos)  and  Heinzel  (Hagen-Aetius). 

The  Hagen-Aetius  identification  of  Heinzel  and  the  Hagen-Aigyna 
parallels  given  above,  though  in  themselves  not  conclusive  in  every 
particular,  do  show  this :  that  the  historical  back-ground  furnished 
ample  material  for  the  development  of  such  legendary  characters,  and 
that  there  is  a  strong  presumption  that  the  historical  saga  has  com- 
bined in  such  legendary  personages,  as  we  know  it  has  in  the  case  of 
historical  personages,  the  epic  elements  of  characters  widely  sepa- 
rated in  point  of  time  and  even  locality.  Hence  there  would  be  no 
inconsistency  in  supposing  that  certain  traits  of  the  character  of 
Aigyna  served  to  fortify  the  conception  of  Hagen-Aetius  the  contem- 
porary of  Attila  ;  particularly  inasmuch  as  the  grouping  of  events  in 
the  Walther  Saga  points  to  a  period  considerably  later  than  the  time 
of  Attila.  Heinzel  37  himself  concedes  the  possibility  of  such  anach- 
ronism : 

"  Die  Erben  der  römmanischen  Generale  Aetius,  Aegidius  und 
Syagrius  in  Gallien  waren  die  fränkischen  Könige.  Es  wäre  dem 
nach  nicht  auffällig,  wenn  die  Sagengestalt  Hagens  Eigenschaften 
zeigte,  welche  auf  die  Merovinger  wiesen.  Das  scheint  bei  dem 
Namen  Hagen  von  Tronje  der  Fall  zu  sein." 

This  much  seems  clear  concerning  the  legendary  character,  Hagen, 
as  portrayed  in  the  Walther  sagą  : 

34  Cf.  G.  F.  1,  2,  I.  35  Cf.  Gudrun,  1936;  Prose  Edda;  Grimm,  Hs.  373  ff. 

36  Cf.  Fregedar,  C.  19  ff.         37  *  Walthersaga,'  s .  79. 


IVA  L  TH  ER  OF  AQ  UI  TA  INE.  1 69 

1.  The  historical  background  contained  the  essential  elements 
found  in  the  character  of  Hagen  ; 

2.  The  geographical  localization  of  the  character  as  Hagen  von 
Tronege  (Tronje,  Troia)  is  justified  by  the  actual  existence  of  Trho- 
nia,  the  modern  Kircheim  in  Alsatia,  the  identity  of  which  has  been 
clearly  shown  by  Heinzel.38 

'I'he  form  Troia  in  the  '  Waltharius  '  might  be  explained  as  poetic 
confusion  with  the  ancient  Troja  of  his  model  Virgil  ;  or  as  following 
up  the  tradition,  that  the  Franks  were  sprung  from  Trojan  origin, 39 
or  as  coming  directly  from  Nova  Troja  (Kircheim). 

3.  The  later  appearance  of  the  name  Hagen  in  the  documents  of 
the  eighth  century-  point  to  the  earlier  existence  and  localisation  of 
the  name,  and  thus  to  the  early  development  of  the  saga. 

Heriricus. — Gregorius  Turonensis4o  gives  the  foUlowing  acconnt  of 
King  Chararicus  which  is  probably  the  Prankish  form  of  Heriricus : 

"Posthac  ad  Chararicum  regem  dirigit.  Qiiando  autem  cum  Siagrio 
pugnavit,  hie  Chararicus  evocatus  ad  solatium  Chlodovechi  cuimus 
stetit,  eventum  rei  expectans,  ut  cui  eveniret  victoria  cum  illo  et  hic 
amicitiam  colligaret.  Ob  banc  causam  contra  eum  indignans  Chlodo- 
vechus  abut,  quern  circumventum  dolis  cepit  cum  filio,  vinctosque 
totondit  et  Chararicum  quidem  presbyterum,  filium  vero  ejus  diaco- 
neni  ordinari  jubet.  Cumque  Chararicus  de  humilitatesua  conquere- 
retur  et  fleret,  filius  ejus  dixisse  fertur:  In  viridi,  inquit,  ligno  hae 
frondes  suecisae  sunt,  nee  omnino  arescunt  sed  velociter  emergent  ut 
crescere  queant ;  utinam  tarn  velociter  qui  haec  fecit,  intereat.  Quod 
verhum  sonuit  in  aures  Chlodovechi  quod  scilicet  minarentur  sibi 
caesariem  ad  crescendem  laxare,  ipsumque  interficere.  At  ille  jussit 
eos  panter  capite  plecti.  Ouibus  mortuis  regnum  eorumcum  thesau- 
ris  et  populo  acquisivit." 

Chararicus  is  lauded  by  Malbrancus  4^  as  Rex  Morinoriim.  The 
Morini  are  mentioned  by  Virgil, 41  Caesar, 43  and  in  Caesar's  time  occu- 
pied the  country  along  the  English  Channel  extending  inland.  Ptole- 
my 44  mentions  two  cities  of  the  Morini,  Gesoriacum  or  Bononia 
(Boulogne)  and  Taruenna  (Thśrouenne).  D'Anvil]e45  says  of  their 
territory : 

"  En  y  joignant  le  Castellum  Morinorum,  on  voit  qu'outre  le  dio- 
cese de  Bologne  le  territoire  des  Morini  embrasse  les  nouveaux  dio- 
ceses de  St.  Omer  et  D'Ifre,  qui  ont  succ^de  a  celui  deTerouenne." 

If  the  territory  of  the  Morini  at  this  early  period  extended  toCassel, 
we  may  reasonably  suppose  that  with  the  Prankish  conquest  of  Gaul, 
they  were  pushed  even  farther  inland  and  that  in  the  traditional  ter- 
minology of  the  fifth  and  sixth  centuries  the  name  still  survived  to 
designate  the  ethnical  successors  of  this  nation.  Hence,  there  would 
be  no  incongruity  in  calling  Chararicus  the  Prankish  king  Rex  Mori- 
nornvi,  to  indicate  some  political  or  ethnical  relation  of  this  king  to 
that  people. 

38  '  WaltheTsaga,'  s.  80  ff.        39  cf.  Gregorious  Turonensis  40  Lib.  ii,  c.  41. 

41  Lib.  iv,  c.  38.        42  Aen.,  viii,  727.        43 B,  G.,  iv.,  11.        44 11,9  §8. 
45  '  Notice  de  I'Ancieane  Gaule,'  p.  466. 


I  yo  WAL  TH  ER  OF  AQ  Ul  TA  INE. 

Further  we  have  mention  in  Gregorius  Turonensis  46  of  Chararicus 
Icing  of  the  Suevi  in  Spanish  GalHcia,  and  father  of  Theodemirus.  It 
was  in  the  time  of  Theodemirus,  who  was  made  king  about  559,  that 
the  Suevi  were  converted  to  the  Catholic  Faith. 47  There  may  have 
been  some  confusion  in  the  popular  mind  between  Chararicus  king  of 
the  Morini  and  Chararicus  king  of  Gallicia.  The  geographcal  position 
of  the  latter  would  suggest  such  confusion. 

It  seems  not  at  all  improbable  that  Chararicus,  as  Frankish  King 
ruling  over  the  Burgundian  territory  after  its  subjection  to  Frankish 
authority,  should  have  come  to  be  regarded  as  King  of  the  Burgun- 
dians.  This  is  the  more  plausible,  as  the  confusion  of  Frankish  and 
Burgundian  relations  is  already  evident  in  the  Walther  Saga,  where 
the  Burgundian  Gundicarius  is  represented  as  King  of  the  Franks. 
If,  then,  we  have  succeeded  in  identifying  the  Heriricus  of  the  saga 
with  the  Chararicus  of  Gregorius  Turonesis  we  shall  have  established 
another  bond  of  the  close  relationship  of  our  saga  with  its  historical 
background. 

Hildegunde. — In  the  case  of  Hildegunde,  whom  the  Saga  calls  the 
daughter  of  Heriricus,  the  actual  historical  background  is  not  so  clear. 
The  name  itself,  however,  together  with  the  name  of  Hilde,  Alker's 
queen,  and  presumably  VValther's  mother,  points  unmistakably  to 
Burgundian-Frankish  origin.  The  name  Hilde  is  an  almost  constant 
quantity  in  Burgundian-Frankish  history  of  the  Merovingian  period, 
as  indeed  of  the  Sagas  connected  with  the  period.  We  need  but 
recall  some  of  the  most  prominent  Chlotchilde,  Brunhildę,  Balthilde, 
not  to  mention  the  names  of  men,  Childebert,  Childerich.  So,  too, 
the  second  part  of  the  name  occurs  in  Fredegunde  and  the  ethnic 
name  itself  Burgunde. 

The  coincidence  of  the  first  part  of  the  name  Hildegunde  with 
Hilde,  the  presumable  mother  of  Walther,  suggests  the  close  ethnical 
and  political  relationship  of  Burgundians  and  Aquitanians  at  the  time 
when  the  Alemannic  version  of  the  Saga  developed.  Compare  the 
fact  that  Heriricus  and  Alphere  had  betrothed  their  children  in  early 
childhood.  This  may  indicate  also  a  family  relationship  e.xisting 
between  the  two  Kings. 

One  other  point  remains  to  be  noted  here  :  that  the  form  Hildegunde 
contains  the  stem  element  of  the  name  Hildico48  (Ildi.co)  Attila's  last 
spouse.  It  is  not  unlikely  that  this  may  have  given  rise  to  the  name 
of  this  royal  hostage,  Hildegunde,  who  held  such  a  responsible  posi- 
tion at  Attila's  court.  Then,  too,  the  last  fatal  feast  of  Attila  on  the 
night  of  his  nuptials  with  Ildico,  may  have  left  its  traces  in  the  feast 
which  Walther  and  Hildegunde  prepare — note  in  particular  the 
potion,  the  long  sleep. 


46 'De  Virtutibus'  S.  Martini,  Lib.  i,  c.  ii.         47'  De  Reg.  Gothorum,'  Cap.  90. 
48  The   masculine   form   corresponding   to   Hildico  is  borne  by  one  of  the  two  Vandals, 
Praepositae  Heldicus  and  Cubadus.     Cf.  Dahn,  '  Könige  der  Germanen,'  i,  317,  232,  236. 


u  'A  L  TH  ER  OF  A  QU  I  TA  I  SE.  I ;  i 

The  name  of  Childechiitda,\\\^  daughter  of  Chilpericus  I  occurs  in 
early  Prankish  history. 49  While  this  form  can  scarcely  he  identified 
with  that  of  Hildegunde,  it  indicates  together  with  those  mentioned 
above,  that  the  name  Hildegunde  belongs  to  Frankish-Burgundian 
soil ;  and  hence  need  not  be  a  poetic  creation,  pure  and  simple  (as 
Heinzel  would  seem  to  suggest,)  in  imitation  of  the  forms  Hilde, 
Hildeburg,  Hildeswidh,  Helisant,  in  similar  tales  ("  in  den  ähnlichen 
Erzählungen  nachgebildet  ");  5°  but  like  these  is  doubtless  traceable 
to  Burgundian-Frankish  tradition  of  the  sixth  century.  This,  at  least, 
is  evident:  that  the  Hildegunde  of  theWalther  Saga  harmonizes  with 
the  historical  elements  and  conditions  out  of  which  the  Saga  grew, 
and  is  not  in  any  version  of  the  Saga  a  vague,  mythical  character,  but 
a  genuine,  legendary  personage  of  flesh  and  blood,  reflecting  actual 
history. 

Alphere. — The  name  of  Alphere,  father  of  Walther,  and  king  of  the 
Aquitanians,  (according  to  the  Waltharius)  seems  to  have  escaped 
the  old  chroniclers.  San-Marte  51  recognizes  the  name  in  Alf  or  Half, 
son  of  Hialprek  and  spouse  of  Hiordisa,  Sigurd's  mother.  This  Alf 
is  not  to  be  confounded  with  Alf  the  Old,  son  of  Ulfr,  mentioned  in 
Helga-Kvida  i,  215,  and  Hyndluliod.52  The  Nornagest  Saga  53  gives 
us  more  reliable  information  concerning  Hialprek.  It  calls  him  king 
in  Frankland,  and  this  evidently  refers  to  the  historical  Hilpericus 
(Chilpericus,  561-581).  Compare  also  Hilpericus  who  ruled  contem- 
poraneously with  his  brother  Gundiocus  as  king  of  the  Burgundians, 
from  about  437  to  470.54  Here  again  we  find  ourselves  in  the  midst  of 
Burgundian-Frankish  events,  as  in  the  case  of  the  names  Hagen. 
Heriricus  and  Hildegunde  discussed  above. 

Whether  there  be  a  family  connection  between  this  Alf  of  the  Edda 
and  Alphere  must  remain  a  matter  of  conjecture.  Jacob  Grimm  ss 
cites  names  of  similar  ending  (Folchere,  Gunthere) — which,  by  the 
way,  belong  to  the  Burgundian-Frankish  region — and  suggests  that 
M.  H.  G.  form  Alpher,  instead  of  the  regular  form  Alphere  (=Goth. 
Albharis)  may  be  due  to  confusion  with  Alpker  (=Goth.  Albgäis). 

There  remains,  however,  another  point  to  consider :  whether  the 
name  Alphere  is  to  be  connected  with  the  Lombard  heroic  cycle  of 
which  Alboin  (^Elfwine,  Elfwine)  is  the  central  figure.  A  number  of 
considerations  make  it  quite  probable  that  there  was  some  connection 
between  the  two : 

1.  The  similarity  of  the  first  element  of  the  names  Alphere  (<Alb- 
hari)  and  Alboin  (Alb-wine). 

2.  The  frequent  intercourse  between  the  Lombards,  Burgundians 
and  Franks, 

49  Cf.  Bouquet,  iii,  68  D,  209  C.         50  '  Walthersage,'  S.  82. 

51  '  Walther  von  Aquitanien,'  S.  36  ff.         52  Cf.  Simrock,  '  Edda,'  S.  119-120. 

53  Chap.  3  and  4. 

54  Cf.  Binding,  'Gesch.  d.  burgundisch-romanischen  Königreichs,'  S.  38  ff. 
55 Haupt,  ZtiUchrift,  5,  3. 


172  WA  LT  HER  OF  AQUITAINE. 

3.  The  fact  that  the  first  element  '(see  below)  in  the  name  of 
Alphere's  son,  Waldhere  (Waltharius),  and  even  the  full  name  Wal- 
tari  itself  appear  in  Lombard  Chronicles  ;  compare  Waldrada.s^  the 
second  daughter  of  Wacho  and  Austrigusa,  and  wife  of  Scusuald, 
King  of  the  Franks;  and  Waltari,  son  of  Wacho  and  Sigelenda,  and 
Wacho's  successor  as  King  of  the  Lombards.  Note  also  the  name  of 
the  Lombard  Justinian,  Rothari,  in  this  connection.  If  then  this  con- 
nection be  established,  we  have  Alphere  related  to  the  great  saga- 
cycle  of  the  Lombard  kings. 

We  have  already  seen  family  intercourse  between  the  Lombard  and 
Prankish  royal  houses  m  the  marriage  of  Waldrada  and  Scusuald.  If 
we  turn  again  to  Frankish-Aquitanian  history  S7  we  find  about  six  gen- 
erations after  Alboin  or  yElfwine,  the  name  Waifarius  on  Aquitaniaii 
soil.  This  Waifarius  appears  as  Aquitanian  Princepsh^lvi^o^vv  758-68, 
A.  D.,  and  has  under  his  command  the  Wascons  of  the  little  Wasco- 
Toulousan  State  (or  Kingdom  ?)  founded  by  Felix  660-70,  A.  D.  The 
name  Waifarius  looks  like  a  near  relative  when  placed  by  the  side  of 
Alpharius  (Alphere),  and  Waltharius.  May  we  not  have  here  a  lost 
link  in  the  Lombard-Aquitanian  (or  Lombard-Frankish)  relationship? 

It  would  seem  from  this  that  J.  Grimm  sS  was  not  so  far  wrong  in 
suggesting  that  there  may  have  been  a  saga  of  Alphere  as  well  as  of 
Walthere  : 

"Aber  auch  die  Saga  von  Alphere,  seinem  [Walthere's]  vater,  ist 
uns  nicht  verschollen,  und  ich  zweifle  kaum  dass  es  davon  epische 
lieder  gab." 

As  evidence  of  such  an  Alphere  Saga  he  cites  from  the  Kolocz 
Codex,  S.  189-240. 

"  ich  bin  Alpharius  genannt 
und  hän  oiich  bürge  und  lant 
enhalbe  (enenthalben  l  liber  Rin." 

Waltharius. — In  this  part  of  the  treatise  are  given  the  occurrences  of 
the  name  Waltharius  in  Lombard  and  Franco-Gallic  histor>^  before 
1000,  A.  D.  Perhaps  the  earliest  considerable  account  of  the  name  is 
that  given  by  Paulus  Diaconus  :59 

I,  21.  "  Habuit  autem  Wacho  uxores  tres,  hoc  est,  primam  Ranicun- 
dam,  filiam  regis Thuringorum.  Deinde  duxit  Austrigosam,  filiam  regis 
Gepidorum,  de  qua  habuit  filias  duas.  Nomen  uni  Wisegarda,  quam 
tradidit  in  matn'monium  Theodeberto,  regi  Francorum.  Secunda 
autem  dicta  est  Walderada,  quae  sociata  est  Cusupaldo,  alio  regi 
Francorum,  quam  ipse  odio  habens  uni  ex  suis,  qui  dicebatur  Gari- 
pald,  in  conjugium  tradidit.  Tertiam  vero  Wacho  uxorem  habuit 
Herulorum  regis  filiam  nomine  Saligam.  Ex  ipsa  natus  est  filius, 
quem  Walthari  appellavit,  quique  Wachone  mortuo  super  Langobar- 


56  Cf.  Introduction  to  the  '  Edictus  Rothari";  Paulus  Diaconis  *  De  Gestis  Langobardo- 
rum,"  lib.  vi;  Meyer,  Sprach  u.  Sprachdm.  der  Langobarden,'  S.  120-121. 

57  Cf.  Fredegar  'Chr.  Contin.'  P.  iv.,  c.  124-135;    Pcrroud  'Des  Origines  du  Premier 
Duchd  D'Aquitaine/  115  ff. 

58  Haupt  Zeitschrift,  s,  4  ff.         59  '  De  Gestis  Langobardorum,'  Lib.  vi. 


U^AL  TH  ER  OF  AQUITAINE.  173 

dos  jam  octavus  regnavit.  Hi  omnes  Latingi  fuerunt ;  sic  enim  apucl 
eos  quaedam  nobilis  prosapia  vocabatur.  I,  22.  Walthari  ergo  cum 
per  Septem  aiinos  regnum  temiisset,  ab  hac  luce  siibtractus  est.  Post 
quern  nonus  Andwini  regiuim  adeptus  est,  c|ui  non  nnilto  post  tem- 
pore Langobardos  in  Pannoniam  adduxit." 

Essentially  the  same  account  is  found  also  in  the  "OrigoGentis 
Langobardorum,'6o  '  Chronicon  Gothanum.'^i  The  name  of  Wal- 
thari occurs  also  in  the  introduction  of  the  '  Edictus  Rothari.'^"  where 
he  is  called  the  ninth  king  of  the  Lombards  instead  of  the  eighth,  as 
he  is  called  in  the  passage  quoted  above. 

Having  thus  traced  the  name  '"  Waltharius  "  in  Lombard  history, 
we  find  it  appearing  next  in  Frankish-Galic  records  as  follows  : 

1.  Waltharius  mentioned  in  "  Diploma  Pippini  Regis  pro  Nundinis 
S.  Dionysii,"  Anno  753. 

2.  Waltharius  is  mentioned  as  one  of  the  signers  in  "  Pippini  Prae- 
ceptum  pro  constructione  et  dotatione  Monasterii  Prumiensis,"  Anno 
762.     (August  thirteenth  of  the  ninth  year  of  Pippin's  reign.) 

3.  Waltharius  chorepiscopus,  mentioned  among  those  present  at  the 
synod  in  ecc lesia  noviomensi.  Anno  814. 

4.  Waltharius  vir  nobilis  (uxor  Suanahilda,  filia  uxor  Odalrici)  circa 
anno  825,  is  attacked  by  Purchardus,  leader  of  the  Alamanni  (ex 
'Translatione  Sanguinis  Domini  ')ßz 

5.  Waltharius  abbas  Augensis,  circa  850.^4 

6.  Waltarius,  "Regi  Lothario  a  secretis,"  Anno  866.65 

7.  Waltarius  is  mentioned  in  the  document  'Ad  Episcopus  Regni 
Lotharii,'  Anno  867. 

8.  Waltharius  together  with  Gauslenus  Fulco  and  Lautwinus  exe- 
cutes the  capitularies  sent  by  King  Charles  to  Burgundy. 66 

9.  Waltharius  Walerus  juvenis  episcopus  senonensis,  nepos  Wal- 
therii  Aurelianensis  episcopi.67 

10.  Walterus  Aurelianiensium  episcopus,  sent  by  Hugo  to  King 
Ludovicus,  Anno  879.68 

11.  Walterius  vir  illustris  in  biturica  civitate.  Anno  917.69 

12.  Walterius  fidelis  Richardi,  Anno  918.7° 

13.  Walterius  praefectus  victuriaci  castri,  mentioned  in  Flodoardi 
Annales.71 

14.  Gualterius.  sacerdos  et  monachus  ;  mentioned  in  "Chr.  Mon. 
Casinensis,"  as  having  the  church  or  the  monastery  S.  Mariae  in 
Luco,  Circa  anno  950.72 

15.  Valterus  exchanges  his  possession  in  Villa  de  Losa  for  a  part  of 
S.  Michaelis  in  Villa  Torralias,  circa  959.73 

16.  Walterus  (Gualterus)  Augustudunensis  episcopus,  anno  991.74 

17.  Walterus  episcopus  spirensis,  anno  1004.75 


60  Meyer  *  Sprache  u.  Sprachdenk.  d.  Langobarden,'  S.  no.        6i  Ibid.,  S.  115. 
(y2.Ibid.,S>.\f>.         ósPertz,  iv,448.         64  Pertz,  ii,  38.         65  Pertz,  i,  458,  473. 
66  Bouquet,  vii,  p.  667  D.     67  Pertz  i,  524,  525,  599.     68'Annales  Vedastini,'  Pertz,  ii,  197. 
69  Bouquet,  ix,  715  D.         70  Bouquet,  ix,  717  C.       71  Pertz,  iii,  401 .        72  Pertz,  vii,  634. 

73  Chr.  St.  Michaeli's  in  Pago  Virdunensi,  Pertz,  iv,  81. 

74  Pertz,  iii,  644,  646,  647,  658,  659,  Ć63,  665,  689.         75  Pertz,  iii,  70. 


1 74  IVA  L  THER  OF  AQ  U  ITA  INE. 

Besides  the  name  Waltharius,  may  be  added  here  others  closely 
resembUng  this  in  form,  but  of  apparently  very  different  etymological 
origin  :  Walcherius,  Walgarius  (Waldgarius),  Waldericus,  Walaricus 
(VValericus),  Walaerius. 

1.  Walcherius,  vir  iUustris,  recorded  "una  cum  fidelibus  nostris  "  : 
"id  est  Hagione,  Theodberto,  Remedio,  Gerehardo  Fulcario,  Bovil- 
one,  Walcherio,  Rauchingo,  et  Ermenaldo  Comite  palatii  nostro."  7& 

2.  Walgarius  father  of  Gervoldus,  Episcopus  Ebroicensis  abbatis 
coenobii  Fontanellensis,  mentioned  anno  787.77 

3.  Waldgarius,  Episcopus  Ferdensis,  mentioned  in  Vita  S.  Anskarii, 
circa  a.  848.78 

4.  Waltgarius  "comes,  nepos  Odonis  regis"  mentioned  in  the  "  Re- 
gionis  Chronicon,"  anno  892.79 

5.  Waltgarius  Fresno,  filius  Guelfi,  anno  898.80 

1.  Waldericus,  Dux  Francus,  is  mentioned  by  Fredegarius  anno 
636: 

Anno  xiv,  regni  Dagoberti,  cum  Wascones  fortiter  rebellarent,  et 
multas  praedas  in  regno  Francorum,  quod  Charibertus  tenuerat,  face- 
rent,  Dagobertus  de  universo  regno  Burgundiaee.xercitum  promovera 
jubet,  statuens  eis  caput  exercitus,  nomine  Chadoindum,  Referenda- 
rium,  qui  temporibusTheuderici  quondam  regis  multis  proeliis  proba- 
tur  strenuus :  qui  cum  decem  Ducibus  cum  exercitibus ;  id  est : 
Arimbertus,  Amalgarius,  Leudebertus,  Wandalmarus,  Waldericus, 
Ermenus,  Baronti^s,  Chairaadus,  ex  genere  Francorum,  Chramnele- 
nus,  ex  genere  Romano,  Wilibadus  Patricius  ex  genere  Burgundio- 
num,  Aigyna  ex  genere  Saxonum,  exceptis  comitibus  plurimus,  qui 
Ducem  super  se  non  habebant,  in  Wasconia  cum  exercitu  perexissent, 
et  tota  Wasconiae  patria  ab  exercitu  Burgundiae  fuisset  repleta, 
Wascones  de  inter  montium  rupibus  egressi  ad  bellum  properant.^i 

2.  Walaricus  (Walericus),  Dux  Francus,  anno  711. 

"Anno  dccxi  Walaricus  duxit  exercitum  Francorum  in  Suavis."82 
"  Quand  Walaricus  duxit  exercitum  Francorum    in  Sua  vis  contra 
Vilaris."83 

3.  Walaricus  (Gualaricus)  Leuconaensis  abbas. ^ 

4.  Walaeruis,  comes  Burgundionum,  mentioned  as  one  of  the 
signers  of  the  compact  with  Gundebaldus,  King  of  the  Burgundians.^s 

From  the  occurrences  of  the  name  of  Walther,  here  cited,  it  may  be 
possible  to  arrive  at  some  conclusion  as  to  the  origin  and  nationality 
of  our  hero  who  is  to  be  discussed  more  at  length  toward  the  close  of 
this  treatise.  The  facts  are  collected  here  with  the  other  material 
setting  forth  the  historical  elements  of  the  Saga.  It  is  not  meant  that 
all  the  occurrences  of  the  appellation  Walther,  as  presented,  have  a 
connection  with  that  of  our  hero,  but  that  this  enumeration  shall  serve 

76  Bouquet,  iv,  714.        ^^Ve.r^^,  11,291 ;  Bouquet,  v,  315  A.        78Pertz,  ii,  706,  707. 

79  Pertz,  i,  604.         SoPertz,  i,  608.     81  Clar.  Codex,  lxxviii. 

82  '  Ex  alius  Franc.  Annal,'  Bouquet,  ii,  642,  D.         83  Bouquet,  ii,  644. 

84  Ex  Vita  S.  Walarici  Abbatis  Leuconaensis  ;  Bouquet,  iii,  496.        85  Bouquet,  iv,  256. 

86  Chron.  cap.  78. 


JFA  L  TH  ER  OF  AQU  I  TA  INE.  I  -  3 

as  a  record  of  the  designation  in  liistory,  and  thus  furnish  some  indi- 
cation as  to  where  the  name,  or  group  of  names,  left  the  most  lasting 
imjiress  on  the  historical  record. 

Wa/ther's  Opponents.  Of  the  eleven  knights,  or  warriors  of 
Gnnthariiis,  who  meet  Waltharius  in  single  combat,  we  have  but 
vague  information.  As  W.  Müller 87  has  pointed  out,  there  are 
seven  who  belong  doubtless  to  Prankish  or  Frankish-Burgundian 
territory:  Camelo  of  Metz  (5S1);  Kimo,  son  of  Camelo's  brother, 
called  also  Scaramund(686) ;  Hadawart  of  Worms  (782,  831) ;  Patavrid. 
son  Hagen's  sister  (846);  Gerwitus  (or  Gerwicus),  formerly  count  "in 
Wormatiae  campis " ;  Trogunt  (or  Trogus)  of  Strassburg  (1009) ; 
Tanastus  of  Speier. 

Attempts  have  been  made  to  identify  some  of  these  warriors  more 
closely.  The  name  Camelo,  is  generally  admitted  to  signify  '  der 
Alte,'  and  its  bearer  was  also  called  Ortwin  according  to  J.  Grimm, 88 
Miillenhoffs^  and  Scheffel-Holder.90  Thus  Ortwyi,  '  der  Junge  '  of  the 
Nibelungenlied,  would  correspond  to  Camelo's  nephew  Kimo 
(=Keim,  'der  Jung  '  ?)  San-Marte  thinks  that  Kimo's  additional  des- 
ignation, Scaramund,  points  toother  legendarj- accounts,  and  refers 
to  the  termination  -viuttd  in  such  names  as  Sigmund  (who  is  a  Frank 
in  the  Edda)  and  Faramund,  the  first  Frankish  King. 91  To  Tanastus 
is  assigned  by  San-Marte 9*  a  Frankish,  or  Celtic-Frankish  origin,  as 
is  seen  in  Windegast,  Wisogast,  Arogast,  Salegast.  Some  of  the 
remaining  names  have  been  tentatively  located  ;  Ekevrid,  the  .Sa.xon, 
refers  according  to  W.  Müller  93  to  the  war  between  the  West  Goths  and 
Sa.xons  in  the  time  of  Eunic.  This  author  bases  his  view  upon  the 
account  of  Sidonius  Appolinaris  (8,  6,  9),  who  reports  that  Euric,  the 
West  Goth,  vanquished  the  Saxons,  who  had  come  in  ships  to  Aqui 
tania.  Lachmann  would  assign  Randolf  and  Helmnod  (or  Eleuther) 
to  Worms.  J.  Grimm  and  W.  Müller,  with  better  reason,  would 
identify  Randolf  with  Randolfof  Milan  (vassal  of  Ermenrich,  according 
to  '  Biterolf ')  and  Randolf  of  Ancona  (one  of  the  Berner's  men, 
according  to  'Dietrichs  Flucht');  and  Helmnod  with  Helmnot 
("  Helmnot  von  Tuscan,'  cf.  'Alphart ')  who,  in  the  '  Nibelungenlied  ' 
and  in  'Alpharts  Tod,'  is  a  vassal  of  Dietrich.  W.  Müller  concludes 
that  they  were  Romans,  or  East  Goths  : 

"  Da  nun  beide  durch  ihre  Herkunft  nach  Italien  weisen,  so  darf 
man  in  ihnen  Römer  oder  Ostgothen  sehen,  mit  welchen  beiden  Völ- 
kern die  Westgothen  Kriege  führten.  Der  'contus  ferratus'  deutet  bei 
Randolf  auf  die  Ostgothen,  der  griechische  name  Eleuther  ('/JAf  f  Of/jo?) 
bei  Helmnod  auf  einen  Angehörigen  des  römischen  Reichs. 94 

W.  Müller's95  attempt  to  make  the  last  warrior  Etciirhardus  a  Hun 
is  not  so  successful. 


87'Mythol.,  d.  d.  Hs.,' 24.        88' Lat.  Ged.,' ii6.        89  Zj./.  rf.  ^..  vi,  440. 

90'  Waltharius,'  3.178;  but  cf.  W.  Müller,  "Mythol.  d.  d.  Hs.,'  24 

91  San-Marte,  '  Walther  v.  Aquitanien,'  40.     92  Ibid.,  40,     93'  Mythol.  d.  d.  Hs.,'24  ff. 

94'  Mythol.  d.  d.  Hs.,'  25-6        95  Ibid.,  26. 


2.    RELATION    OF   THE    VERSIONS. 

I.      ORIGINAL   FORM    OF    THE   SAGA. 

The  first  step  in  determining  the  original  form  of  the  Saga,  is  to 
ascertain  what  elements,  or  episodes,  are  common  to  all  the  versions; 
or,  if  none  are  constant  throughout  all  the  texts,  to  find  what  episodes 
are  most  permanent.  A  glance  at  the  analysis  of  the  texts  will  show 
that  certain  incidents  are  uniform  almost  without  exception,  and 
others  with  but  few  variations.  There  are  at  least  four  episodes  which 
recur  consistently  in  hll  of  the  complete  and  most  of  the  fragmentary 
versions  of  this  Saga  ; 

1.  The  sojourn  at  a  foreign  court.  Walther  and  Hildegunde  are 
together  at  court  outside  of  VValther's  land.  (W,  N  C,  Nl,  probably 
G  F  and  V  F,  BD,  Ths,  BC,  P,  B,  N,  PC,  Woj.) 

2.  The  escape.  Walther  flees  with  Hildegunde  [and  takes  treasure 
with  him]  (W,  NC,  Nl,  VF,  BD,  Ths,  BC,  P,  B,  N.  PC,  Woj.)  The 
taking  of  treasure  is  a  natural  accompaniment  of  such  escape  and 
doubtless  belongs  to  this  episode,  though  it  is  not  equally  emphasized 
in  all  the  versions.  ; 

3.  Pursuit  and  combat.  Walther  fights  with  his  pursuers  in  single 
combat.  (WF,  W,  NC,  doubtless  in  Nl,  VF,  BD,  Ths,  BC.  P,  B, 
probably  N  and  P,  Woj.)  In  BD  the  combat  is  between  Walther  and 
Rüdigere  because  of  the  abduction  of  Hildegude;  but  this  is  doubt- 
less a  reminiscence  of  the  same  motive  as  that  of  the  combat  with 
the  Huns  in  the  Ths  and  VF. 

4.  Triumphant  return  home.  Walther,  victorious  over  his  pursuers, 
continues  his  journey  homeward  with  Hildegunde  (W,  wanting  in  NC 
doubtless  by  accident,  VF,  Ths,  BC,  P,  B,  implied  in  N  and  PC,  Woj.) 
The  NC  account  seems  to  break  off"  abruptly  before  reaching  the 
return  of  Walther  and  Hildegund. 

There  is  also  another  episode  or  group  of  episodes,  which  many  of 
the  versions  contain  in  some  form  or  other.  This  is  the  account  of 
Walther's  exploits  after  his  return.  (W,  NC,  implied  in  VF,  BD, 
Ths,  BC,  Woj.) 

The  fact  that  these  general  outlines  are  so  consistently  preserved  in 
the  great  majority  of  the  texts,  and  are  contradicted  by  nothing  in  the 
fragmentary  accounts  of  the  Saga,  furnishes  a  strong  presumption  that 
these  episodes,  the  first  four  at  least,  belong  to  the  original  form  from 
which  the  extant  versions  developed.  It  is  to  be  noted,  however, 
that  while  the  general  sketch  of  the  Saga  remains  essentially  the 
same,  the  details  of  the  separate  incidents  vary  greatly  in  the  ver. 
sions ;  for  example,  according  to  the  first  episode,  the  foreign  court  is 


WAI/rilER  OF  A  OC ITA  IXE. 


^ll 


that  of  Attila  in  tlie  Waltliarius,  Xuvalician  Chrcjiiicle,  Nibeliinjjeii- 
lied,  X'ienna  Fragment,  Biterolf  und  Dietleib,  Thiclreksa^a  and.  pro- 
bably, in  the  Waldere  and  Ciraz  Krafjnients,  wliile  in  the  I'olisli  ver- 
sion it  is  the  court  of  the  king  of  the  Franks.  Again,  tlie  pursuit  and 
combat  in  the  Waltharius  take  place  at  tiie  hands  of  Ciunther  and  his 
men  ;  while  in  Thidreksaga  it  is  Attila's  men  who  pursue  and  attack 
Walther;  and  in  the  Polish  version,  the  Prince  of  Alamannia.  Thus, 
in  the  German  version  of  the  Saga  we  have  two  combats  mentioned; 
one  with  the  Huns,  the  other  with  the  Franks*  (Burgundians).  The 
question  then  arises  whether  one,  or  both,  or  neither,  of  these  contests 
belonged  to  the  original  form  of  the  Saga.  The  account  of  the  combat 
with  the  Huns  occurs  in  the  X'ienna  Fragment,  Riterolf  und  Dietleib 
and  the  Thidreksaga  ;  while  the  contest  with  the  Burgundians  is  men- 
tioned in  the  Waldere,  Waltharius,  Novalicien  Chronicle,  Nibelun- 
genlied, '  von  dem  übelen  Wibe.'  The  fact  that  the  notice  of  the 
battle  with  the  Burgundians  is  found  in  the  Waldere  and  Waltharius, 
shows  that  it  had  a  place  in  the  Saga  as  early  as  the  ninth  century. 
If,  however,  we  allow  time  for  the  development  of  the  essential  differ, 
ences  between  the  Waldere  and  the  Waltharius  and  assume  with 
Symons,96  that  the  Waldere  is  as  early  as  the  middle  of  the  eighth 
century,  we  may  reasonably  date  the  separation  of  the  Waldere  and 
Waltharius  forms  at  the  beginning  of  the  eighth  century,  If  this  be 
correct,  it  precludes  the  possil)ility  of  the  very  late  development  of 
the  story  of  this  combat.  It  is  not  improbable  that  the  original  form 
of  the  Saga  from  which  the  Low  German  and  Alemannic  versions 
(Waldere  and  Waltharius)  developed,  contained  also  the  account  of 
the  contest  with  the  Huns.  That  there  was  a  faint  reminiscence  of 
such  a  struggle  may  possibly  be  inferred  from  the  reference  in  Wal- 
tharius 97  to  the  vengeful  rage  of  Attila,  and  his  promise  of  rich 
reward  for  Walther's  capture.  Whether  the  combat  with  the  Huns  is 
"  nur  eine  variation  der  ersten  [der  alemannischen  gestalt]  und  gewis 
fränkisches  Ursprungs  "  as  Mullenhoff98  maintains,  or  is  the  more 
original,  as  Heinzel99  thinks  probable,  is  not  yet  clear.  It  seems 
more  likelv  that  both  combat-episodes  developed  about  the  same  time 
and  were  afterwards  separated  in  the  growth  of  the  Saga.  This 
much,  however,  seems  certain  from  the  almost  constant  occurrence 
of  the  battle  incident  in  the  versions,  that  the  story  of  the  combat  was 
contained  in  the  original  form  from  which  the  extant  te.xts  have  de- 
veloped. Thus,  the  primitive  setting  of  the  narrative  consisted  not 
simply  of  an  account  of  the  escape  home  without  notice  of  either 
contest  ('  Flucht  in  die  Heimat '),  as  Heinzel  'o°  supposes  ;  but  of  the 
sojourn  at  a  foreign  court  (that  of  Attila) ;  the  escape  with  the  maiden 
(Hildegunde) ;  the  pursuit  and  combat  (with  the  Burgundians  and, 
possibly,  with  the  Huns),  and  the  triumphant  return.  The  story  of 
the  exploits  of  Walther  after  his  return  may  have  been  added  later  to 

96  Pauls 'Grundriss,' ii,  lo.     97  v,  372  ff.     gZ Zeitschrift,  \ü,  iTi-     99  '  Walthersage,' 63 
loo  '  Walthersage,'  62 .         *'  Franci  Nebulones  '  in  W. 


lyS  WALTHER  OF  AQUITAINE. 

these  first  four  ;  but  it  must  be  remembered  that  these  exploits,  too, 
are  implied,  and  in  fact  referred  to,  in  the  close  of  the  Waltharius  :  i°' 

"Omnibus  et  carus  post  mortem  obitumque  parentis 
Ter  denis  populum  rexit  feliciter  annis, 
Qualia  belia  dehinc  vel  quantos  saepe  triumphos 
Ceperit,  ecce  stilus  renuit  signare  retiisus." 

Having  determined  approximatelyt  he  essential  episodes  of  the  form 
of  the  Saga  which  constituted  the  original  of  the  extant  versions,  it 
remains  to  follow  the  development  of  this  germ  and  thus  trace  the 
relation  of  the  various  versions  to  this  original  form  and  to  one 
another. 

In  order  to  fix  a  point  of  departure,  it  will  be  necessary,  first,  to 
ascertain  which  text  is  the  oldest.  The  analysis  given  above  has 
shown  conclusively,  that  the  Walther  Saga  is  based  upon  unmistaka- 
ble historical  events  and  is  to  be  regarded  accordingly  as  a  historical 
product.  Hence  we  are  justified  in  applying  historical  criteria  in 
ascertaining  the  age  of  the  versions  of  the  Saga. 

Waltharius. — Referring  again  to  the  analysis  of  contents,  the  follow- 
ing may  be  deduced  as  a  third  generalization  in  the  series  of  conclu- 
sions arrived  at  above  :  '»^ 

Of  all  the  versions,  Waltharius  represents  most  faithfully  the 
historical  events  contained  in  the  saga,  and  is,  therefore,  apparently 
the  oldest. 103 

1.  Alemannic  Version.  Attila,  King  of  the  Huns,  pushes  his  con- 
quests westward,  and  attacks  the  nations  beyond  the  Rhine  :  Franks, 
Burgundians,  Aquitanians.  All  of  this  is  essentially  historical  as 
recorded  by  the  early  chroniclers. 

2.  Old  Norse  Version.  Attila,  King  of  the  Huns  with  his  residence 
at  Susat  (or  Susa),  forms  a  league  with  Ermanric.  Anachronism  and 
confounding  of  the  persons  and  plans  are  apparent,  whatever  expla- 
nation be  given  of  the  Ermanric  and  Susat  here  mentioned  ;  i«>4  such 
confusion  indeed  as  we  are  accustomed  to  see  in  the  epics  of  the  thir- 
teenth century. 

3.  Polish  Version.  Attila,  Ermanric,  the  Burgundians  and  Aqui- 
tanians are  all  omitted  ;  in  their  place  appear  Franks,  Alemania  (Ari- 
naldus)  and  Polonia  (Wyslaus  and  Rynga).  Here  we  lose  all  the 
details  of  the  historical  setting  of  the  Saga  and  have  a  new  ethnic 
element  (the  Polish)  to  account  for. 

It  is  evident  from  this  summary  that  only  in  the  Latin  poem,  Wal- 
tharius, is  a  strictly  consistent  grouping  of  historical  events  and  char- 
acters preserved  :  the  sharp  outlines  ofAttila's  conquest  of  western 
Europe;  the  participation  of  Burgundians,  Franks,  and  Aqui- 
tanians in  the  struggle  with  the  Huns  ;  the  relation  with  the  Burgun- 
dians and  Franks  ;  the  ultimate  victory  over  the  Huns  ;  the  historical 


101  v.,  1449-52.  102  Page  155-6.  103  Cf.  Müllenhoff,  Ztitschri/t,  x,  163  ff.;  xii,  274. 

104  Cf.  Holthausen,  '  Soest  in  der  Thi^reksiaga.'    PBB,  ix,  453  ff. 


[r.-J  I.  TH  ER  OF  AQ  U I  TA  INE.  1 7  g 

characters,  Altila,  Gibiclio,  Guntliariiis,  Haj;ano  (if  we  accept  Hein- 
zel's  idenlitication  of  Haj;en  with  Aetius);  the  unusually  faithful  rep- 
resentation of  the  geographical  situation,  as  Attila's  camj^aign 
westward  beyond  the  Rliine  ;  the  position  of  Franks,  Burgundians 
and  Aquitanians ;  the  localities  west  of  the  Rhine:  Worms,  Chalons, 
Metz. 

So,  too,  the  hero's  career  receives  the  most  consistent  treatment 
in  the  Latin  poem.  All  the  principle  episodes  of  his  activity  are  in 
keeping  with  the  trend  of  actual  events  underlying  the  Saga.  Nor  is 
the  hero  called  upon  to  play  roles  which  lie  without  the  sphere  of  his 
skill  as  seems  to  be  the  case  in  the  contest  with  Thetleifr  in  the  Tliid- 
rekssaga.  Moreover,  in  the  Latin  poem  there  is  a  clearer  discrimina- 
tion in  the  treatment  of  Saga  cycles ;  a  conspicuous  absence  of  that 
indiscriminate  jumble  which  permits  Ermanric,  Attila,  and  Theoderic 
of  Verona,  to  appear  as  contemporaries  in  the  Thidrekssaga.  AH 
these  points  combined,  would  lead  us  to  look  to  the  Latin  poem  as  the 
clearest  and  earliest  e.xtant  form  of  the  Saga  ;  and  as  an  evidence  of 
the  great  age,  and  excellent  preservation  of  the  original  elements, 
which  belong  to  the  fifth  century. '05 

IValdere. — The  MS.  of  the  VValdere  Fragments  dates  from  the  ninth 
century,  which  gives  this  version  of  the  Saga  the  appearance  of  a 
greater  age  than  that  which  can  be  claimed  for  the  Waltharius.  The 
question  then  is  :  which  is  older,  the  Waldere  or  the  Waltharius  form 
of  the  Saga  ?  If  we  now  compare  the  Waldere  with  the  corresponding 
episode  of  the  Waltharius  we  shall  find  that,  while  there  is  essential 
agreement,  there  are  important  differences  between  them.  The 
situation  of  the  Waldere  is  apparently  this :  Walther  returning  with 
treasure  from  the  Huns  is  attacked  by  Günther  (unjustly,  because 
Walther  has  made  generous  terms  of  peace) ;  one  after  another  of 
Gunther's  men  has  fallen  in  single  combat  with  Walther;  at  length 
comes  Hagen's  turn  to  fight  with  Walther.  Here  we  begin  to 
encounter  difficulties;  two  different  points  of  view  regarding  the 
speaker  in  A,  are  presented.  The  one  which  has  most  general 
acceptance  is,  that  Hildigunde  addresses  Walther. ^06  if  this  be 
assumed,  the  speech  would  seem  to  have  reference  to  the  moment  in 
the  combat  when  Hagen  has  attacked  Walther  (W.,  12S7  ff.)  and 
shivered  the  latter's  sword  (W.,  1374-5);  whereupon  Hildegunde 
inspires  Walther  with  fresh  courage,  reminding  him  that  the 
choicest  of  gifts  lent  him  for  his  and  her  aid  yet  remains,  referring 
probably  to  the  sword  which  Günther  had  refused. 

According  to  the  other  view  of  the  situation  as  represented  by 
Heinzel,  the  speaker  is  a  companion  warrior  of  Walther  and  not 
Hildegunde,  since  the  references  in  the  speech  to  Walther's  former 
combats  do  not  fittingly  come  from  a  women.     If  the  speaker  is  not 


105  Cf.  Heinzel,  '  Walthersage,'  S.  62  ff. 

106  Haigh,  'The  Anglo-Sa.\on  Sagas,'  130;  Scheffel-Holder,  'Waltharius,'  171;   Fischer, 
"  Zu  den  Waldere-Fragmenten,'  13. 


1 80  WA  L  TH  ER  OF  AQ  U  ITA  INE. 

Hildegunde,  there  would  seem  to  be  but  one  probable  alternative,  as 
Heinzel '°7  believes;  namely,  it  is  Hagen  who  speaks.  If  this  be 
assumed,  the  references  to  the  virtue  of  Mimming,  Weland's  work, 
to  Walther's  valor  in  the  sword-play,  to  Walther  as  wine  min,  would 
be  quite  in  place;  the  words  gifede  to  eoce  itnc  (A  25)  would  refer 
possibly  to  the  sword  given  when  Walther  and  Hagen  were  knighted 
by  Etzel  (BD,  770-71) ;  the  situation  would  represent  the  moment 
when  Hagen  has  utterly  refused  to  fight  with  Walther  and  given  him 
the  Sword  Mimming,  leaving  him  and  Günther  to  end  the  combat. 
This  explanation  would  preclude  the  necessity  of  reconciling  the 
references  and  courageous  words  in  A  with  Hildegunde's  timidity 
which  is  so  prominent  in  the  Waltharius.  This  explanation  would 
make  Hagen  remain  true  to  his  old  companion  as  the  latter  evidently 
had  expected  him  to  do  (W,  1239  ff.).  The  passage  contains  real 
difficulties,  but  such  as  are  of  minor  importance,  and  the  general 
agreement  in  situation  between  WF.  and  W.  is  placed  beyond 
question.  In  any  case  Stephens'  order  of  the  Fragments  must  be 
retained. 

The  Waldere  Fragments  contain,  however,  besides  these  variations 
of  motive  mentioned  above,  some  references  not  found  in  the 
Waltharius:  Günther  is  called  "wine  Burgenda  "  (B.  14)  not  king  of 
the  Franks,  as  in  W. ;  and  reference  is  made  toTheoderic  or  Deodric 
(B.  4),  which  shows  a  connection  at  this  early  period  between  the  Saga 
of  Walther  and  that  of  Theoderic  ;  while  in  W.  no  trace  exists  of 
any  such  connection.  This  reference  to  Günther  as  friend  or  lord  of 
the  Burgundians  accords  more  closely  with  history  and  would  seem 
to  indicate  a  clearer,  and  hence  earlier,  conception  of  Günther!  The 
same  point  of  view  is  found  in  Widsi^i,  who  represents  Gifica  as  ruling 
the  Burgends.  With  this  conception  of  Günther  as  a  Burgundian,  it  is 
not  easy  to  locate  Hildegunde.  We  are  left  to  conjecture,  that  she 
may  have  represented  some  province  of  Gothic  or  Frankish  Gaul.'°8 

If  we  now  turn  to  the  Waltharius,  we  shall  find  that  there  is  already 
clear  recognition  of  the  Saga  of  Weland  in  the  reference  to  Wal" 
tharius'  coat  of  mail  as  "  Welandia  fabrica  '"  (965),  which  is  a  parallel 
to"Welandes  geworc  "  in  Waldere  (A,  2).  The  question  here  is 
twofold :  was  the  original  given  to  Ekkehard  I.  by  his  master 
Geraldus,'09  a  different  version  from  that  of  the  Waldere;  or,  did 
Ekkehard  I.  and  his  successors  change  their  original  by  adapting  it  to 
Frankish  conditions  of  a  later  time  (tenth  century  "«>)?  The  following 
seems  to  be  the  most  likely  :  The  original  of  Ekkehard  I.  was  an 
alliterative  poem  in  German  speech.   The  arguments  for  this  are  : — 

I.  Traces  of  such  alliteration  in  the  Latin  Waltharius.  Jacob 
Grimm'"  suggested  such  traces  by  translating  the  Latin  back  into 
German ;  as,  for  example,  Waltharius  vocor  ex  Aquitanus  sum 
generatus  (597)=  ^^''althari  fona  ^ascóm ;  Hagano  spinosus^=H&%a.no 

107 'Walther  Saga,'  S.  ii.        io8  Cf.  infra.  109  Scheffel-Holder,  'Waltharius,'  130. 

no  Heinzel,  '  Walther  Saga,'  23-24.        iii  '  Lat.  Gedichte  d.  x  u.  xi  Jh,,'  99  flf. 


[rw  /,  TH  ER  OF  A  QU  I  TA  INE.  1 8 1 

//aganin,  and  otliers.  Since  Grimm 's  time,  this  view  has  gained 
ground.  The  results  of  Schweitzer  "^  fortif\  afresh  this  tiieory  by  tlie 
addition  of  other  examples  ;  as,  for  example,  Caput  attolens  scrniatur 
((535)=//ebet  das  //aujit  und  //orcht ;  Absif  quod  rogitas  mentis  depone 
/««ö/rm  (551)— Ferne  sei  ....  /orderest  .  .  .  ./orcht.  So,  too,  verse-s 
which  correspond  to  lines  in  the  Waldere  and  Nibelungenlied  : 

-Svätf.'g  and  jveordvund  .recg  iifter  r]dhTum= 

Cruentiis  et  /aesns  vir  alter  post  aifermn  {cecidit). 

Z-if  for/e  san  odhdhe  /ange  dnm  .... 

Vitatn  linquere  vel  longain  gloriam  .  .  ,  . 

Das  /iebe  mit  /eide  ze  jungiste  Ä»ne 

Ainoris  dolorem  novissimam  inercedeiu  esse, 

2.  The  actual  existence  of  such  alliterative  fragment  of  the  Saga  as 
preserved  in  the  Waldere; 

3.  The  survival  of  the  .Saga  in  the  heroic  form  of  the  M.  H.  G.  epic ; 
as,  in  the  Graz  and  Vienna  Fragments  ; 

4.  The  indirect  evidence  derived  from  the  association  of  this  Saga 
with  other  M.  H.  G.  epics.  ' 

It  seems  probable  that  Ekkehard  I.  chose  for  his  Latin  poem  the 
central  episodes  of  his  original  (chief  among  which  was  the  combat), 
and  omitted  such  as  did  not  harmonize  with  his  conception  of  epic 
treatment.  This  is  clearly  indicated  at  the  close  of  the  poem  ;  for 
example,  where  he  sums  up  all  ofVValther's  subsequent  exploits  of 
thirty  years  in  half  a  dozen  verses.  In  like  manner,  he  may  have 
omitted  such  references  to  the  Theoderic  and  Weland  Sagas  as  the 
Waldere  contains.  But  that  he  essentially  changed,  or  invented, 
episodes  is  the  less  likely  as  his  main  purpose  seems  to  have  been 
skillful  translation  into  epic  form  rather  than  literary  creation.  That 
he  should  clothe  the  Saga  with  the  classical  adornment  of  Virgil  or 
Prudentius  as  Peiper "3  has  shown,  and  give  it  the  coloring  of 
Monastic  life  of  his  time,  as  Geyder"4  has  presented,  and  invest  it 
with  the  geographical  and  historical  setting  of  a  later  period,  is  what 
we  should  naturally  expect.  But  when  due  allowance  has  been  made 
for  such  accretions  and  modifications,  we  shall  have  left  what  may  be 
regarded  as  the  essential  kernel  of  the  original  German  version  of 
the  Saga.  This  original  w^as  probably  the  Upper  German  (Alemannic) 
form,  while  the  Waldere  represents  the  Low  German  (Saxon?)  form. 
Heinzel's'is  objection  that  the  primitive  type  of  the  'Waltharius' 
cannot  be  of  Alemannic  origin  because  the  poet  represents  Attila  as 
passing  the  Araris  and  Rhodanus  on  his  way  from  Worms  to  Chalons 
is,  as  the  critic  himself  admits,  only  one  evidence  of  the  author's 
unfamiliarity  with  the  geography  of  the  region.  Thus,  we  have  in  the 
'Waltharius'  a  tenth  century  adaptation  of  an  original  German 
version,  either  contemporary  with  that  of  the  Waldere,  or  slightly 
later. 

112  '  De  Poemate  Eatino  '\j|^(rtthario,'  p.  50. 

113  'Ekkehardi  Primi.  Waltharius.'  p.  80;  W.  Meyer,  MSB  (1873)  38s  ff- 

114  Zeitschrift,  9,  145  ff.         115  '  Walthersage,'  35, 


2.      LATER   VERSIONS   OF   THE   SAGA. 

The  NovaliciaHChronicle  in  Lib.  ii,  written  before  1027, "6  represents 
the  form  of  the  Saga  as  found  in  the  Waltharius,  but  connects  it  with 
the  life,  or  local  tradition,  of  an  old  warrior  who  entered  the  cloister 
in  Novalese.'  The  first  part  of  the  Novalician  account  follows  closely 
the  St.  Gall  version,  which  had  migrated  thither  evidently  through 
monastic  intercourse.  The  career  of  VValther  in  the  cloister  of 
Novalese  has  a  parallel  in  the  Legend  of  St.  William,  or  in  the 
Chanson  de  Geste  of  '  Guillaume  au  court  nez.'  The  latter  was  like 
Walther  an  Aquitanian  and,  like  him,  abducted  a  princess  from  a 
heathen  land.  Heinzel  "7  suggests,  that  the  germ  of  the  account  of 
the  monks  Walther  and  William,  is  possibly  to  be  found  in  the  life  of 
King,  or  Duke,  Hunwald  of  Aquitaine  the  son  of  Eudo,  Waifhari's 
father,  and  King  Pippin's  opponent,  who  abdicated  in  the  year  745  in 
favor  of  Waifhari  and  entered  a  cloister;  but,  after  the  death  of  his 
son,  left  the  cloister,  as  an  old  man,  and  renewed  his  opposition  to 
Pippin  ;  and  finally  fled  to  Italy  and  fought  on  the  side  of  Desiderius 
againts  Charles  the  Great,  This  and  other  similar  legends  may  have 
given  color  and  even  episodes  to  the  account  of  Waltharius,  the 
Monk  ;  but  we  doubtless  have  in  the  second  part  of  the  Novalician 
Saga  the  local  tradition  of  a  monk  W'altharius  whose  early  life  was 
that  of  a  warrior,  and  which  local  tradition  was  associated  later  by 
the  Novalician  Chronicler  with  the  account  of  Waltharius  vianii 
fortis,^'^^  of  the  St.  Gall  version.  It  is  not  impossible,  too,  that  we 
have  in  the  Novalician  Walther  echoes,  or  associations,  of  the 
Lombard  King  Walthari ;  or  even  of  a  Lombard  variation  of  the 
Walther  Saga.  If  such  be  the  case,  it  would  explain  the  chronicler's 
presumably  unjustifiable  "9  excerpts  from  the  Waltharius.  We  have 
already  referred  to  the  possible,  even  probable,  connection  of  the 
names  Alpharius  and  Waltharius  with  the  Lombard  Walthari. 

Graz  and  Vienna  Fragments. — In  these  twoM,  H.  G.  Fragments, 
we  have  doubtless,  the  remains  of  a  M.H.G.  Epic  of  Walther  and 
Hildegunde.  The  situation  in  GF,  according  to  Heinzel's  order  of 
the  leaves  (which  is  evidently  the  correct  one),  is  this  :  Hagen,  having 
taken  leave  of  Etzel  and  his  Queen,  distributes  gifts  to  the  Huns,  and 
overhears  Hildegunde  making  complaint  to  Walther,  who  is  on  the 
point  of  leaving  her,  and  declaring   her  willingness  to  follow  him. 

J16  Cf.  Peiper,  'Ek.  Prim.  Walth.,'  xliv,  et.  seq.        117  'Walthefsage,'  26-7. 
118  'Casus  St.  Galii,'  Cap.  9  {Mon.  Germ,  ii,  117.)         119  Heinzel,  '  Wahhersaga,'  27; 
Am.  f.  d.  A.,  xi,  67  ff. 


irA  I.  TH  ER  OF  AQ  U  ITA  INE.  183 

Ha.cen  interrupts  the  conversation  and  counsels  Walther  to  marry  her, 
saying:  that  he  (Hagen)  was  present  when  they  two  were  betrothed. 
Whereupon  Walther,  sorry  tiiat  Hildegunde  has  so  long  been  witliout 
his  attentions,  assures  her  of  his  fidelity. 

The  narrative  in  VF,  is  as  follows:  Walther  and  Hildegunde  art- 
returning  from  the  Huns,  and  come  to  Gunther's  land  (situated  along 
the  Rhine,  with  Worms,  presumably,  as  capital),  where  they  are 
received  by  Volker.  The  latter  has  come  with  si.xty  of  his  thanes 
from  the  Rhine,  probably  after  the  hostile  encounter  and  the  reconcili- 
ation with  Günther  mentioned  in  W  (though  nothing  is  said  of  such 
encounter  in  the  Fragment),  to  conduct  them  through  the  Wasecheii 
Walt  to  Lengers  ;  thither  messengers  are  already  sent  in  advance 
to  announce  Walther's  arrival  to  Alker,  his  father.  As  they  approach 
the  city,  they  are  welcomed  by  Alker  and  his  retinue,  whereupon 
preparations  are  made  for  the  wedding  of  Walther  and  Hildegunde. 

I  cannot  agree  with  Heinzel  "o  that  i,  13  is  a  superfluous  interpo- 
lation in  the  poem.  The  reference  is  clearly  to  the  combat  with  the 
Huns,  which  is  mentioned  in  the  Thidrekssaga.  Indeed,  the  correct- 
ness of  the  situation  is  clearly  shown  by  Walther"s  hesitation  (2,  16) 
to  invite  Etzel  and  Helche  to  the  wedding  feast.  In  the  invitation  to 
Etzel  and  Helche  we  may  find  an  echo  of  the  reconciliation  between 
Attila  and  Ermanric,  after  the  combat  (Ths  244) ;  and  in  the  escort  of 
\'olker,  that  between  Günther  (and  Hagen)  and  Walther  at  the 
Wasgenstein  (W,  1405  fT.). 

Thus  we  have  in  the  fragments,  episodes  of  the  earlier  and  later 
parts  of  the  epic:  in  GF,  preliminaries  to  the  flight  from  the  Huns  ; 
in  VF,  the  return  through  Gunther's  land  to  Lengers,  and  the 
reception  by  Alphere  and  Hilde  preparatory  to  Walther's  wedding 
and  coronation.  Thus,  I  would  be  inclined  to  regard  these  Fragments 
as  parts  of  one  and  the  same  M.  H.G.  poem.  The  only  argument 
against  this  is  the  apparent  difference  in  strophic  structure.  The 
strophic  forms,  however,  of  these  two  Fragments  have  so  close  a 
resemblance  to  one  another  that  the  strophes  of  the  separate  poems 
differ  scarcely  more  than  single  strophes  in  each  fragment,  hence 
they  might  belong  to  the  same  epic.  Indeed,  we  have  here  what 
would  seem  to  be  a  transition  strophic  form  between  that  of  the 
Nibelungenlied  and  that  of  the  Gudrun,  characterized  by  the  ccesural 
and  final  rhyme  of  the  former,  and  the  closing  long  line  of  the  latter. 
If  the  entire  poem  had  been  preserved,  we  should  have  found  in  it, 
perhaps,  a  third  strophic  form  of  the  popular  epic.  It  is  likely  that 
we  have  here  the  disconnected  remnants  of  the  great  German  epic  of 
Walther,  or  Walther  und  Hildegunde,  which  is  so  familiarly  referred 
to  in  '  Walther  von  der  Vogelweide,'  '  Nibelungenlied,'  '  Biterolf  und 
Dietleib,'  and  other  epics  of  the  '  Heldenbuch.' 

If  we   now  look  for  the  relation  to  WF,  and  W  of  the  form  of  the 
Walther  Saga  preserved  in  this  original  M.  H.  G.  poem,  we  shall  find 


120  '  Walthersage,'  17. 


ig^  WA  LT  HER  OF  AQUITAINE. 

that  the  ethnical  situation  agrees  essentially  with  that  of  WF.  In 
VF,  Günther  is  called  "vogt  von  Rine  "  (i,  19),  and  his  land  is  "der 
Bürgende  lant,"  as  in  WF,  B  14,  he  is  called  "wine  Burgenda," 
while  in  W  he  is  "  King  of  the  Franks."  Thus,  VF  corresponds  in 
situation  to  Nl,  BD,  DF,  and  Rs,  and  belongs,  doubtless,  to  the  older 
form  of  the  Saga.  It  is  scarcely  probable  that  the  M.H.G.  poem 
descended  directly  from  the  form  of  the  Saga  as  contained  in  the 
Waltharius.  The  former  would  rather  seem  to  be  a  more  direct 
successor  of  the  original  popular  form  of  the  Saga,  of  which  the 
Waldere  poem  was  the  Low  German  (Saxon)  version. 

Thidrekssaga. — The  Old  Norse  Thidrekssaga  belongs,  doubtless, 
to  the  first  half  of  the  thirteenth  century,  to  the  reign  of  King  Haakon 
Haakonson.  The  language  and  style  clearly  indicate  that  it  cannot 
be  later  than  this  period. '^^'  From  the  mode  of  treatment  and  order 
of  the  tales,  it  is  evident  that  the  Old  Norse  narrator  drew  from 
different  versions  of  the  Saga.  No  particular  written  form  is  mentioned 
as  the  source  of  the  Old  Norse  version,  but  it  appears  from  the  pro- 
logue, which  has  been  regarded  as  the  work  of  the  author  of  the  Old 
Norse  recension, '^a  that  at  least  two  different  sources  furnished 
material  for  the  saga  : 

1.  Sagas  or  accounts  of  German  men  ; 

2.  Old  poems,  or  songs  ; 

both  of  which  sources  are  mentioned  in  the  prologue  as  follows  I'^a 

"Thessi  saga  er  samansett  eptir  sogn  /^y^^eskra  manna,  en  sumt  af 
/>eirra  kveer^^um  er  skemta  skal  rikum  monnuni  ok  fornort  voru  />e^ar 
eptir  ti^indum  sem  segir  i  />essari  sogu.  Ok  po  at  pw  takir  einn  mann 
or  hverri  borg  um  alit  Saxland.  Tha  munu  />essa  sogu  allir  a  eina  lei'^ 
segia.  en  p\x\  vallda  /'eirra  hin  fornu  kv^e^i." 

This  period  represents  the  high-water  mark  of  saga  telling.  As 
another  passage  from  the  prologue  indicates,  the  fame  of  this  Saga 
traversed  almost  all  the  lands  of  Europe  ; 

"Saga  />essi  hefzt  ut  a  Pul  ok  ferr  nor^r  um  Lungbardi  ok  Fenidi. 
i  Svava.  iUngaria.  i  Pulina  land,  i  Ruzia.  i  Vindiand.  i  Danmork  ok 
Svi/>iod.  um  alit  Saxoniam  ok  Frakland  ok  vestr  um  Valland  ok 
Hispaniam." 

The  Thidrekssaga  contains  some  peculiar  and  striking  divergences  : 
Walther  is  the  son  of  Ermanric's  sister,  and  not  of  Alphere,  as  in  WF, 
W,  VF.  Hildegunde  is  the  daughter  of  larl  Ilias  of  Greece.  Ermanric, 
Attila  and  Theoderic  are  regarded  äs  contemporaries.  All  this 
harmonizes  in  the  main  with  the  anachronisms  of  the  German 
Theoderic  epics  of  the  thirteenth  century. 

If  we  now  look  for  the  relation  of  the  Thidrekssaga  to  the  Waldere, 
we  shall  find  a  possible  connection  in  the  references  to  the  Weland  and 
Theoderic  stories.  The  probable  relation  may  be  stated  somewhat  as 
follows :  the  Low  German  version,  the  Saxon  form  of  which  is  found 


121  Unger,  p.  iv;  Müller,  Sagabibliothek,  ii,  276  ff.,  places  it  in  th«  fourteenth  century. 
ii2  Müller,  Sagabibl.  ii,  278.         123  Unger,  p.  2. 


u  w  L  TH  ER  OF  AQCI  TA  INE.  I  «^ 

in  the  Waldere,  connected  tlie  sagas  of  Walther,  Weland,  and 
Theoderic,  and  lived  on  in  the  German  songs  referred  to  in  the 
.  prologue  of  theThidrekssaga.  In  the  thirteenth  century,  particularly 
from  the  time  of  Haakon  Haakonson  forward,  the  intercourse  between 
Scandinavia  and  Southern  Europe  resulted  in  a  new  importation  of 
German  sagas  to  the  north.  On  the  oth.er  hand,  the  intercourse  with 
Novgorod,  through  the  conmierce  of  the  Hanseatic  League,  brought 
the  north  of  Europe  into  touch  with  Russia  and  Byzantium.  Hence  we 
find,  as  might  be  expected,  in  the  Thidrekssaga,  a  thirteenth  century 
fusion  of  all  these  sources  into  the  prose  narrative  of  Theoderic. 

The  Old  Swedish  version  is  evidently  very  closely  related  to  the 
C)ld  Xorse  Thidrekssaga.  According  to  Hylt^n-Cavallius,"4  it  is  an 
abbreviated  translation  of  the  Old  Xorse  text  or  .MS.  ("en  forkortad 
öfversältning  af  den  fornnorska  sagan,  märkligt  nog,  utarbetad  effer 
just  samma  skinbok")  worked  out  between  1449  and  1476,  probably 
soon  after  the  former  date. 

Polish  Versions. — The  so-called  Chronicle  of  Boguphal,  or  Great 
Polish  Chronicle  as  it  has  been  called  since  Warmski,  has  been  found 
by  the  researches  of  Warmski  "s  and  Korzyński  "6  to  be  a  compilation 
of  the  fourteenth  century.  For  the  earlier  periods,  this  compilation 
drew  from  Vincentius  Kadłubek,  or  sources  derived  from  him  ;  and 
for  the  period  between  1217  and  1272,  from  the  Great  Polish  Annals, 
in  the  composition  of  which  Boguphal.  Bishop  of  Posen  (d.  1253), 
seems  to  have  had  a  smaller  share  than  Godyslaw  Baszko,  the  Ciistos 
of  Posen,  who  lived  till  the  end  of  the  thirteenth  century.  Though 
Vincentius  served  as  a  source  of  chapter  twenty-nine  of  the  Chronicle, 
it  must  be  remembered  that  the  section  of  this  chapter  containing  the 
Walther  saga  is  one  of  a  large  number  of  accounts  for  which  no  source 
has  as  yet  been  agreed  upon.  There  is  some  probability  that  the 
account  of  Walther  and  Hildegunde  was  interpolated  at  a  later  period, 
as  it  is  related  with  events  of  the  twelfth  century,  and  not  with  the 
legendary  accounts  of  the  early  heathen  period,"?  to  which  the 
chronicle  refers  this  saga.  Heinzel  "8  is_  perhaps,  not  far  from  the 
truth  in  supposing  that  the  chronicler  drew,  in  part  at  least,  from  oral 
sources — a  prose  tradition,  or  even  a  lay  after  the  order  of  the  Danish 
"  Krempe  viser." 

But  when  we  examine  the  later  Polish  accounts  of  Walther  and 
Hildegunde,  we  find  reference  to- other  sources.  Paprocki  mentions 
as  his  authorities  an  Anonymus  (thought  by  Senikovicz,"9  to  be  the 
same  as  the  Great  Polish  Chronicle,  but  considered  by  Heinzel,  with 
better  reasons,  to  be  one  of  the  originals  of  the  Chronicle)  and 
Andreas  of  Zarnow,  to  whom  are  to  be  ascribed  variations  found  in 


IJ4  '  Didrik  af  Bern,'  p.  iv ;  Unger,  '  Saga  Thidriks  Konungs  af  B«rn,"  p.  viii. 

125  '  Die  Grosspolnische  Chronik.'   Krakau,  1879. 

126  Przewodnik  Naukowy  i  Literacki,  1880,  269-280;  1882,  863. 

127  Cf.  Röpell,  '  Geschichte  Polens,'  i,  51  ff.         128  '  Walthersaga.'  36. 
129  Cf.  Antoniewicz,  Am./,  d.  A.,  iv,  iii. 


1 86  WALTHER  OF  AUQITAINE. 

Paprocki,  but  not  in  the  Chronicle  ;  such,  for  example,  as  the  name 
Arinaldus  for  Walther's  rival ;  and  Rynga  for  Wislaw's  sister ;  and 
Wislimier  for  Wisław  ;  and  other  matters  of  detail. '3» 

Bielski,  in  the  first  part  of  his  account,  may  have  made  use  of  either 
Paprocki  or  the  Chronicle  ;  but  in  the  second  part  he  agrees  with  the 
Chronicle  rather  than  with  Paprocki,  particularly  in  mentioning 
Wisław  as  Prince  of  Wiślica,  and  in  the  details  of  the  encounter  with 
Wisław.  Another  item  of  Bielski's  account,  that  Walther  and  Hilde- 
gunde  take  treasure  with  them,  would  seem  to  indicate  a  third  source 
connecting  Bielski's  account  more  directly  with  the  Waltharius 
version.  The  further  touches  peculiar  to  Bielski ;  as,  the  unwillingness 
of  the  Prankish  King  to  allow  Walther  to  have  Hildegunde  because 
he  was  a  foreigner,  could  find  a  ready  e.xplanation  in  the  animosity 
existing  between  Poles  and  Germans.  Niesiecki,  Wójcicki,  and  the 
later  Polish  chroniclers,  drew  their  materials  doubtless,  from  the  Great 
Polish  Chronicle,  Paprocki,  and  Bielski. 

A  comparison  of  the  Polish  with  the  German  versions  shows : 

1.  That  the  general  outlines  of  the  Saga  are  preserved  in  the  Polish, 
though  the  episodes  and  ethnical  grouping  are  materially  changed  ; 

2.  That  the  Polish  version  is  a  fusion  of  two  evidently  heterogeneous 
parts,  a  foreign,  and  a  native ;  the  first  containing  episodes  of  the 
Walther  Saga ;  the  second,  a  union  of  this  Saga  with  that  of  Wisław, 
or  (as  Paprocki,  and  presumably,  Andreas  of  Zarnow,  have  it)  of 
Wislimier ; 

3.  That  Walther  combats  against  one  foe,  not  many  (twelve),  as  in 
W^  Ths. 

\  That  the  Polish  form  of  the  Saga  connot  have  been  derived  from 
\Ekkeliard's  Waltharius,  is  evident  from  the  fact  that  most  of  the 
Characteristic  details  of  the  St.  Gall  version  are  wanting  in  the 
Polish. 131  How,  then,  did  the  original,  or  originals,  of  the  Polish 
versions  come  to  Tyniec?  Passing  over  Rischka's  argument  for  the 
existence  of  the  Saga  in  Poland  before  the  Folkiuandering  ■a'-,  untena- 
ble (see  below),  we  find  no  evidence  that  the  Saga  migrated  to  Poland 
before  the  second  half  of  the  tenth  century  (962)  when  Poland,  under 
Prince  Misaca,  or  Mscislaw,  became  tributary  to  the  German  Emperor, 
Otto  I.  Mscislaw  married  Dubrawka,  the  Christian  daughter  of 
Bolesław  I ;  and  in  966  accepted  Christianity,  thus  bringing  Poland 
under  Christian  influence.  Otto  I.  encouraged  all  efforts  to  missionize 
among  the  Poles.  Thus  the  German  sagas  may  have  found  their  way 
to  Poland  in  the  time  of  Mscislaw,  "  the  first  historical  Piast,  the  actual 
founder  of  Poland. '  ''32 

As  to  the  founding  of  the  Monastary  at  Tyniec  there  are  two  views  ; 
Długosz  states  that  it  was  founded  in  1044  by  Kazimierz,  who, 
according  to  tradition  had  been  a  monk  at  Clugny  before  he  came  to 


130  Cf.  Heinzel,  '  Walthersage,'  43-3.         131  Ritchka,  22  ff. 
132  Schiemann  (Onken), '  Gesch.  Polen»,'  390. 


IV.-i  L  TH  RR  OF  AQ  U I  TA  INE.  1 87 

power,  and  established  in  tiie  Monastery  at  Tyniec  some  Bendictine 
Monks  frt)ni  Clugny,  placing  over  them  as  abbot  a  certain  Frencliman. 
called  Aaron.  Ropell  «33  claims,  however,  that  the  Monastery  at 
Tyniec  was  founded  earlier,  by  Bolesław  the  Great.  Here  is  possibly 
a  second  avenue,  leading  directly  from  France,  by  which  German 
sagas  may  have  reached  Poland  in  the  tenth  century,  a  generation 
after  Ekkehard  wrote  his  Waltharius. 

The  term  U'daly  applied  in  the  Polish  version  to  Walther,  has  been 
shown  to  be  Russian. '34  This  would  suggest  a  migration  of  the  Saga 
via  Novgorod. '35  Nehring  e.xplains  the  transference  of  the  Saga  to 
Poland  from  chap.  241  of  the  Thidrekssaga  as  due  to  the  confusion  of 
PÜ1,  Puli  (Apulia),  with  Pulle  (Poland).  Thus  he  finds  in  the  Polish 
version  a  combination  of  Wallher's  relationship  to  Ermanric,  as  in  the 
Thidrekssaga,  with  the  crossing  of  the  Rhine,  as  in  Waltharius.  Of 
the  parallel  between  the  song  of  Walterus  and  of  Horand  in  Gudrun, 
too  much,  perhaps,  has  already  been  made.  It  is  at  best  an  incidental 
touch  in  the  saga. 

To  sum  up,  then:  the  Walther  Saga  may  have  come  into  Poland 
through  Hanseatic  intercourse  between  Germany  and  Novgorod,  and 
from  Germany  or  France,  directly,  through  German  intercourse  with 
Poland.  The  form  of  the  Saga  thus  introduced  may  have  combined 
elements  found  in  the  original  of  Ekkehard's  Waltharius,  and  in  one 
or  more  of  the  originals  of  the  Thidrekssaga,  and  may  have  had  a 
separate  existence  in  Poland  until  it  was  at  length  united  with  the  saga 
of  Wyslaus(or  perhaps  in  another  form  with  Wislimierz),  and  finally 
localized  at  Tyniec.  The  immediate  occasion  of  this  localization  may 
have  been,  as  Nehring  and  Heinzel  think,  the  epitaph  of  a  certain 
Helgunda,  which  was  seen  there  by  Andreas  of  Zarnow,  as  late  at  1242. 
This,  however,  does  not  necessarily  preclude  the  earlier  existence  of 
the  Polisli  saga  in  this  region,  as  Heinzel  and  Knoop  maintain. 
Indeed,  it  seems  not  improbable  that  in  the  second  part  of  the  Polish 
saga,  we  have  traces  of  the  version  found  in  the  Middle  High  German 
poem  'Von  dem  übelen  Wibe.'  This  would  furnish  the  reason,  in 
the  two  parts  of  the  Polish  version,  for  an  earlier  connection,  than 
Knoop  '36  is  inclined  to  admit  when  he  refers  the  Polish  saga  to  the 
period  of  the  Polish  reaction  against  the  Germans  in  the  fourteenth 
and  fifteenth  centuries. 

Wisław,  of  the  Polish  saga,  has  been  correctly  identified  with 
Wizlan  of  Greece  (Russia),  in  Dietrichs  Flucht ;  '37  with  Wizlan  King 
of  Bohemia,  in  Biterolf ;  '38  and  Wenezlan  King  of  Poland,  in  Dietrich 
and  Wenezlan. '39 

'33  '  Gesch.  Polens,'  i,  639  ff. 

134  Cf.  Karłowicz  and  Nehring,  Atheneum,  1881,  233  ;   1883,  393. 

135  Cf.  Miillenhoff,  Zs.f.  d.  A.,  xii,  344.         136  '  Die  deutsche  Walthersage,"  etc.,  13  ff, 
137  Heinzel,  'Walthersage,'  91.         138  Nehring,  Atkentum,  1883,  360. 

139  Zupitza,  '  D.  Heldenbuch,'  5,  liv. 


3.     WALTHER     OF    AQUITAINE. 

Before  attempting  any  interpretation  of  Walther,  it  may  be  well  to 
review  briefly  previous  attempts  in  this  direction. 

Mythical  interpretation  of  Walther. — At  the  outset,  let  us  clear 
away  the  mists  which  have  collected  around  the  Saga  by  the  work  of 
Rischka  and  Rydberg.  Rischka'sM»  argument  that  the  Polish  saga 
of  Walther  is  the  primitive  form,  developed  from  the  German  myth 
found  in  the  sagas  ofOdhur  and  of  Hothar  and  Baldur — Waldgierz 
being  Odin,  and  Hildegunde,  Freyja — rests  upon  the  following 
assumptions: 

1.  That  the  Heroic  Saga  is  developed  out  of  a  myth  or  divinity 
("und  so  entsteht  aus  einer  Göttergestalt  eine  Heldensage,"  S.  32. 
Here  he  follows  Simrock) ; 

2.  That  coincidence  of  episodes  is  a  sufficient  criterion  of  identifi- 
cation of  mythical  and  heroic  characters; 

3.  That  the  Folkwanderitig  was  the  occasion  of  the  migration  of  this 
saga  to  the  most  widely  separated  regions  ; 

4.  That  the  Polish  form  of  the  Saga  was  probably  developed  among 
a  part  of  some  Germanic  people  remaining  in  the  territory  afterwards 
occupied  by  the  Slavs  (Poles),  and  having  united  with  Slavic  elements, 
was  localized. 

The  futility  of  Rischka's  attempt  as  regards  both  method  and 
matter,  has  been  demonstrated  by  Bugge '4«  and  by  Heinzel.Hz  This 
might  seem  in  itself  sufficient  refutation  of  Rischka's  argument.  But 
this  method  of  saga-treatment,  which  confuses  heroic  saga  with 
myth,  and  brings  all  saga  material  into  an  interminable  jumble  with 
remote  mythical  cycles,  is  so  serious  in  its  results,  that  it  must  be 
summarily  disposed  of  at  the  outset.  The  following  considerations 
may  serve  to  show  the  weakness  of  Rischka's  treatment;  unproved 
assumptions,  as  we  have  seen  above,  form  the  basis  of  the  argument. 
Rischka  magnifies  unduly  the  pre-migratory  German  element  sur- 
viving on  Polish  soil,  and  ignores  the  more  important  subsequent 
German  influences  from  the  end  of  the  tenth  century  forward.  The 
disparity  between  the  first  and  second  parts  of  the  Polish  saga,  he 
fails  sufficiently  to  recognize.  The  most  characteristic  features  of  the 
saga  found  in  the  German  versions  are  wanting  in  the  Polish.  The 
spirit  and  character  of  the  Baldur  and  Necklace  myths  are  too  far 
removed  from  the  Walther  Saga.    The  supposable  similarity  between 

140  Rischka,  34  ff.        141  'Stud.  ii.  d.  Entst.  d.  Nord.  Götter-  und  Heldensagen,'  176. 
142  '  WaUher»aga,'  97  ff. 


IV.-i  L  TH  ER  OF  AQU  ITA  INE.  1 89 

the  Satja  of  Walther,  and  that  of  Hotheriis  rests  upon  a  misiiiuler- 
standing  of  the  name  Mimniing.MS 

Much  that  has  been  said  against  Rischka's  method  api^lies  with 
equal  weight  to  Rydberg's  «44  mythical  interpretation,  which  makes 
Walther  represent  Ivaldi  in  Grimnismal  and  Snorra  Edda,  with  the 
following  coincidences  :  the  names  Walther  and  Ivaldi ;  Walther's 
skill  as  a  spearman;  the  abduction  of  Hildegunde  ;  the  combat  with 
Günther.  This  interpretation,  like  that  of  Rischka,  rests  upon  the 
assumption  that  the  Heroic  saga  developes  out  of  myth  ;  or,  as 
Heinzel  m5  puts  it : 

"auf  der  meiner  Meinung  nach  unl)eweisbaren  und  nach  aller 
Erfahrung  höchst  unwahrsclieinlichen  Voraussetzung,  dass  es  in  weit 
entfernten  Urzeiten  ein  festes  System  germanischer  Mythologie 
oder  eigentlich  Theologie  gegeben  habe,  in  der  es  keine  Aualogie- 
wirkungen  in  den  X'orstellungen,  keine  Unklarheiten  und  Wider- 
sprüche gegeben  habe." 

Apart  from  Heinzel  's  refutation  of  Rydberg's  argument,  suffice  it  to  say 
that  the  fact  that  two  Northern  myths  furnish  sufficient  coincidences 
for  the  basis  of  such  superficial  identifications  is  in  itself  a  strong  argu- 
ment against  both  Rischka  and  Rydberg. 

Müllenhoff's  interpretation  of  the  Saga  of  Walther  as  a  recasting  of 
the  mythical  Saga  of  Hilde('  Zs.  f..d.  A.'  12,  274 ;  30,  235  ff.)  rests  upon 
accidental  coincidences,  and  has  in  reality  no  real  claim  upon  our 
consideration  here.  Heinzel  (Walthersage  93)  has  demonstrated  the 
weakness  of  the  argument  by  showing  that  these  coincidences  are  to 
be  explained  by  the  influence  of  a  mythical  upon  a  historical  Saga. 

Historical  Identification. — Fortunately,  the  tendency  now  toward 
the  historical  method  of  saga-treatment  is  gaining  ground.  All  the 
more  prominent  interpretations  of  the  Walther  Saga  have  rested, 
more  or  less  firmly,  upon  a  historical  basis.  The  eyes  of  most 
investigators  have  turned  toward  Aquitaine  for  the  home  of  Walther. 
The  most  trustworthy  traces  of  the  Saga  certainly  point  toward  the 
West  or  South,  not  toward  the  East  or  North.  Fauriel's  '46  view  that 
Walther  was  a  Gallo-Roman,  was  opposed  by  GeyderM?  on  the 
ground  that  the  Germans  would  not  likely  have  celebrated  a  hostile 
hero,  which  Walther  must  have  been,  if  he  had  been  a  Gallo-Roman. 
Müllenhoff's  148  modification  of  Fauriel's  view — that  Walther  was 
originally  the  ruler  of  Gaul  in  the  epic  age — is,  if  anything,  less  definite 
than  Fauriel's  original  explanation.  It  might  be  objected  to  both  of 
these  views,  that  none  of  the  versions  of  the  Saga  make  any  specific 
reference  to  Gallo-Roman,  or  Gallic,  personages  or  events  as  having 
importance  in  the  issues  treated  in  the  Saga. 

143  Bugge,  ibid.,  176.         144  '  Undersökningar  i  germanisk  mythologi,'  i,  742  ff. 

X45  '  Walthersaga,'  100 .         146  *  Histoire  de  la  Poesie  Provencale,'  i,  408. 
147  Zs.f.  d.  A.  ix,  145,  153.         148  Zs./.  d.  A.  x,  163  ff;  xii,  174. 


IQO  WALTHER  OF  AQUITAINE. 

Scherer's  149  attempt  to  identify  Walther  with  Aetius,  seems  to  have 
been  suggested  by  Fauriel.  In  the  light  which  Heinzel  has  thrown 
upon  the  subject  by  his  attempted  identification  of  Hagen  with  Aetius, 
Scherer's  view  must  fall,  whether  Heinzel 's  Hagen-Aetius  theory  be 
accepted  or  not. 

The  view  that  Walther  was  a  West  Goth  has  found  strong  defenders. 
J.  Grimm  ^so  expressed  this  as  follows  : 

"  Walthere  muss  als  ein  ursprünglich  westgothischer  held  betrachtet 
werden,  der  .sich  von  burgundischen  und  fränkischen  unterscheidet." 

This  view  has  been  further  supported  more  recently  by  W.  Müller  is» 
who  differs  from  Scherer  and  Heinzel,  however,  in  that  he  does  not 
see  in  Walther  "nur  enstellte  Geschichte,"  but  rather  an  ideal  figure 
"  da  Walther  keine  nachgewiesene  historische  Person,  sondern  nur 
eine  ideelle  Figur  ist."  The  supreme  objection  to  this  view  is,  that 
the  German  heroic  saga  is  intensely  real  in  its  origins,  as  the  historical 
element  of  the  Saga  has  shown.  The  ideal  figures  are  a  later  invention 
of  an  idealizing  age. 

Heinzel's'sz  view  of  the  shifting  nationality  of  Walther  in  the 
development  of  the  Saga  is  e.xpressed  thus : 

"Vielleicht  galt  Walther  bis  zum  7.  Jahrhundert,  wo  die  Basken, 
aus  Spanien  kommend,  in  einem  Theil  von  Aquitanien  Fuss  fassten 
und  ein  Wascóno  /a;// bekannt  wurde,  noch  für  einen  Boisken, — dann 
als  durch  das  Auftreten  der  Basken  in  Frankreich'  dieses  Volk  dem 
deutschen  Gesichtskreis  näher  rückte,  für  einen  solchen.  .  .  .  Später 
galt  er  ebenso  für  einen  alten  französisch-burgundischen  König  in 
Langres,  wo  allerdings  die  burgundischen  Könige  und  Herzoge 
ebensowenig  residirten  als  die  merovingischen.  .  .  .  Die  Auffassung 
VValthers  als  eines  Burgunden  ist  wohl  durch  seine  Verbindung  mit 
Hildegund  veranlasst,  wenn  diese  erst  als  Urugundin,  dann  nach  451 
als  Burgundin  galt." 

We  have  seen  in  the  course  of  the  discussion  that  there  were 
probably  two  well-defined  versions  of  the  Walther  Saga  as  early  as 
the  eighth  century  ;  hence  we  are  to  look  for  the  date  of  the  origin  of 
the  saga  at  a  still  earlier  period.  A  fully  developed  literary  form, 
such  as  that  actually  found  in  the  Waldere,  and  implied  in  the  original 
of  the  Waltharius,  presupposes  a  considerable  period  of  growth. 
Allowing  time  for  such  growth,  we  may  safely  assume  that  the  saga 
originated  between  the  middle  of  the  fifth  and  the  end  of  the  seventh 
century.  If  we  turn  to  the  Waltharius,  which,  as  was  shown  above, 
has  preserved  the  saga  in  its  clearest  historical  outlines,  we  find  that 
the  essential  elements  belong  to  the  second  half  of  the  fifth  century, 
and  hence  point  to  this  period  as  the  time  in  which  the  Saga  origi- 
nated. Thus  the  earliest  form  of  the  Saga  belonged  to  the  end  of  the 
fifth,  or  beginning  of  the  si.xth  century.  The  fact  that  the  Waltharius, 
so  faithful  in  its  general  historical  outlines,  calls  Walther  an 
Aquitanian,  draws  our  attention  to  Aquitania   as   his    native   land. 

149  Mittheilungen  des  Vogesenclubs,  1874,  N.  a. 

150  Zs.f.  d.  A.  V,  3.    Cf.  also  '  Lat.  Ged.  d.  x.  .xi.  Jhs.'  121,  125. 

151  'Dietrichsage,'  172;  'Mythol.  d.  deutsch.  Heldensage,'  11  ff.;  "Zur  Mythol.  d. 
griech.  u.  deutsch.  Heldensage,'  124  ff.         152  '  Walthersage,'  71-2. 


u  'A  L  TH  ER  OF  AQ(  ITA  INE. 


191 


Let  us  trace,  tlien,   the   cuncei)tion    of  Aqiiitania  (liiriiij;   tliis   early 
period. 

Aquitania'53  of  Ciesar's  time,  Aqiiitania  Propria,  or  Novenipc^pu- 
lana  (of  Diocletian's  provincial  division),  occupied  the  country 
between  the  Atlantic,  the  Garonne,  and  the  Pyrenees,  and  extended 
eastward  nearly  to  Tolosa.  Aquitania  north  of  the  Garonne,  in 
Diocletian's  time,  extended  northward  and  eastward  nearly  to  the 
Liger,  and  southward  almost  to  the  Tarnis,  and  was  divided  by 
Diocletian  into  two  provinces;  Aquitania  L  in  the  east,  and 
Aquitania  II,  in  the  west.  The  West  Goths,  having  pushed  their  way 
from  Rome  to  Aquitania  Propria  (Burdigala),  about  413,  occupied, 
from  419  to  475,  the  three  Aquitanias  mentioned  above,  extending 
their  domain  eastward  to  the  borders  ofBurgundia.  Thus  Aquitania 
and  Burgundia  were  border  provinces  or  kingdoms  at  the  time  of 
Attila's  campaign  to  the  West  (451),  and  Aquitania  Propria  of 
earlier  times  was  now  Novempopulana  ;  while  X'asconia  lay  between 
Xovempopulana  and  the  Iberus,  with  Pampilona  as  its  chief  city.  In 
507  West  Gothic  Aquitania  (I  and  II)  came  by  the  defeat  of  Alaric  II, 
into  the  hands  of  the  Franks  under  Chlodovech.  At  the  death  of 
Theoderic  (526)  Burgundia  was  fast  coming  under  Prankish  control, 
and  after  534  was  a  part  of  the  Prankish  realm.  At  the  death  of 
Justinian  (565),  Burgundia  formed  the  western  border  of  the  Lombard 
kingdom  in  Italy,  and  extended  to  the  Mediterraijean.  Thus,  we  see 
that  the  general  historical  conception  of  Aquitania  from  the  second 
quarter  of  the  fifth  century  through  the  Merovingian  and  Carlovingian 
periods,  was  that  of  a  province  (country,  hence,  kingdom)  lying 
immediately  west  of  Burgundia.  Such,  too,  is  the  conception  in 
Waltharius,  the  earliest  complete,  and  historically  most  faithful, 
full  extant  version  of  the  saga. 

The  popular  tradition  of  Walther,  as  transmitted  by  the  epics,  is, 
that  he  was  of  Germanic  origin,  and  there  seems  to  be  no  reason  for 
questioning  this  belief.  If  he  was  of  Germanic  descent,  and  an 
Aquitanian,  to  what  Germanic  nationality  did  he  belong?  As  an 
Aquitanian,  he  would  have  belonged,  politically,  to  the  West  Goths 
before  507,  and  after  that  date  to  the  Franks,  if  he  was  from  Aquitania 
north  of  the  Garonne  ;  but,  if  he  was  from  Aquitania  Propria,  to  the 
West  Goths  until  Chlothar  II,  who  united  this  province  to  the  Prankish 
realm.  This  does  not  mean  that  Walther  must  have  been  of  West 
Gothic  origin  ;  indeed,  he  may  just  as  likely  have  been  a  representa- 
tive of  some  other  Germanic  race  which  passed  into,  or  through, 
Aquitania  at  this  period.  This  much  may  be  claimed,  however; 
that  Walther,  in  the  oldest  form  of  the  saga,  was  a  Germatiic- 
Aquitanian  under  West  Gothic  supremacy.  The  conception  of 
Aquitania  as  a  kingdom,  does  not,  even  in  this  early  period,  interfere 
with  this  point  of  view,  inasmuch  as  the  idea  of  kingship  was  one  of 


153  Cf.  Droysen,  '  Historischer  Atlas. 


192  WALTHER  OF  AUQITAINE. 

shifting  significance,  and  the  West  Gothic  rule  a  general  territorial 
supremacy.  That  Alphere's  kingdom,  at  this  early  period,  was 
included,  or  even  centered,  in  Aquitania  Propria  is  quite  possible  ; 
but  the  general  notion  of  Aquitania  extended  over  the  province  north 
of  the  Garonne,  as  we  have  seen.  The  designation  of  Alphere's  realm 
as  "  Regna  Aquitanorum,"  in  the  Waltharius  (v.  77),  evidently  applies 
to  Aquitania  in  the  larger  sense,  and  not  to  Aquitania  Propria  alone. 
Whether  Walther,  in  the  earliest  form  of  the  Saga,  had  the  same 
political  importance  as  that  given  to  him  in  the  Waltharius,  we  have 
no  means  of  determining  ;  it  is  natural  to  surmise  that  he  had.  Neither 
can  we  say  with  certainty  whether  he  was  a  West  Goth  or  belonged 
to  some  Germanic  people  closely  allied  with  the  Burgundians.  That 
he  was  a  Boisk,  as  Heinzel  maintains,  seems  an  unfounded  hypothesis. 
It  would  be  more  reasonable  to  connect  him  with  some  branch  related 
to  the  Lombard  line  whose  king,  Walthari,  bears  the  same  name  a 
generation  later.  This  would  give  us  another  link  in  the  chain  of 
evidence  for  the  e.xistence  of  the  Lombard  saga  of  Walthari  and 
Alphari.  The  name  Alpher  occurs  in  Rabenschlact,  265-267,  where 
Alpher  is  sent  by  Friederich  of  Ravenna  as  messenger  to  Dietrich  of 
Bern.  But  perhaps  it  is  enough  to  have  ascertained  the  political 
relations  of  Walther  at  the  time  of  the  origin  of  the  saga.  It  will  now 
be  in  order  to  review,  briefly,  the  different  conceptions  of  Walther. 

Walther  as  a  Wascon. — The  conception  of  Walther  as  a  Wascon, 
an  epithet  which  may  have  been  applied  to  him  in  the  original  of  the 
Waltharius,  cannot  be  earlier  than  the  seventh  century,  when  the 
Wascons  broke  forth  from  their  mountain  retreat  in  ancient  Wasconia, 
in  Spain,  into  Aquitania  Propria  and  formed  what  the  Geographer  of 
Ravenna  154.  calls  "Wasconum  patria,  quae  antiquitus  Aquitania 
dicebatur."  The  establishment  of  these  mountaineers  in  Aquitania 
Propria  was  practically  completed  by  626  A.  D.,''55  though  the  troubles 
between  the  Wascons  and  the  Aquitanians  continued  till  a  much 
later  period.  Thus  there  is  no  reason  for  regarding  Walther  as  a 
Wascon,  except  in  so  far  that  all  Aquitanians  were  regarded  as 
Wascons  after  their  country  had  come  to  bear  the  name  of  the  latter. 

Walther  as  the  son  of  Alphere  (King  of  the  Aquitanians).  Turning 
to  the  versions  of  the  Saga,  we  find  three  of  them  calling  Walther  the 
son  of  Alphere, — WF,  W,  NC  ;  this  title  still  distinguishes  him  in  the 
]\L  H.  G.  Versions, — VF,  BD,  and  presumably  GF.  Here  we  have, 
doubtless,  the  early  conception  of  our  hero  as  an  Aquitanian,  and  a 
distinct  reminiscence  of  his  royal  line.  But  with  the  M.  H.  G.  versions 
other  titles  appear. 

Walther  of  Spam. — The  conception  ofWalther  as  "von  Späne," 
"  von  Spanjelant,"  is  preserved  in  Nl,  VF,  BD.    This  idea  ofWalther 

154  Cf.  Heinzel,  '  Walthersaga/  70. 

J5S  PeiToud,  '  Des  Orig.  du  prem.  Dvich^  d'Aquitainc,'  21  ff. 


WALTHER  OF  AQUITAINE.  193 

grew  up,  doubtless,  after  the  establishment  of  the  Spanish  Mark  by 
Charles  the  Great,  801.  The  confusion  of  Spain  with  the  Spanish 
Mark,  is  one  that  could  easily  be  made  by  the  popular  mind.  It  is  to 
be  noted,  too,  that  he  is  called  both  '  der  künec  von  Spanjelant '  (BD, 
576)  and  'der  vogt  von  Spanyge '  (VF,  r,  10,  i) ;  thus  preserving 
reminiscences  of  his  early  rank  as  'Künec'  brought  out  in  the 
Waltharius. 

Walther  of  Kerlingen. — VValther  is  designated  by  the  title  '  von 
Kerlingen  '  in  BD,  AT,  '  geborn  von  Kerlinc  '  RFi,  and  DF.  This 
conception  developed,  doubtless,  in  the  time  of  the  Carlovingians  and 
was  perfectly  consistent  with  that  of  Walther  as  '  von  Späne,' when 
the  latter  was  regarded  as  identical  with  the  Spanish  Mark.  But  just 
here  there  seems  to  have  come  in  a  serious  confusion  ;  for  in  BD 
Walther  is  called  '  Alpk^res  Kint,'  '  Künec  von  Spanjelant,'  and  '  der 
von  Kärlingen,'  but  resides  at  Paris  (see  Analysis).  It  is  plain  that 
the  hero's  royal  titles  were  all  before  the  BD  poet  and  that  to  him 
Kärlingen  meant  France,  whose  capital  was  Paris.  Thus  the  confusion 
of  Spain,  a  part  of  Kerlingen,  with  the  whole  Frankish  realm  is  easy 
and  natural. 

Walther  of  Lengers. — It  is  worthy  of  note  that  the  designation  of 
Walther  as  '  von  Lengers  '  and  '  der  Lengesaere,'  occurs  only  in  VF, 
DF  and  Rs  respectively.  Heinzel '56  suggests  two  possible  expla- 
nations of  the  choice  of  Lengers  as  Walther's  residence  :  it  may  have 
been  due  to  the  fact  that  this  city  became  prominent  through  its  Bishop 
Walther,  son  of  Duke  Hugo  II.  of  Burgimdy,  and  a  possible  confusion 
of  Bassiniacum  with  Wasconia  ;  or  the  saga  may  have  been  attached 
to  Lengers  through  the  Sarmatae  who  settled  there  in  the  fourth 
century  and  were  regarded,  like  Walther,  as  fugitives  of  the  Huns.  It 
seems  more  likely,  however,  that  Lengers  came  to  be  regarded  as  the 
home  of  Walther  at  the  period  when  it  formed  the  most  prominent 
border  city  of  Carolingia  (Kerlingen)  on  the  old  time-worn  route 
through  the  Vosges,  when  Carolingia,  the  realm  of  Charles,  bordered 
Lotharingia,  that  of  Lothar  (cf.  Droysen,  Hist.  Atlas).  That  Lengers 
was  a  Burgundian  city  of  the  Vosges  may  have  favored  its  choice  as 
Walther's  home  (cf.  Heinzel,  '  Walthersage,'  70). 

Walther  of  the  Wasgenstein. — This  designation  is  found  in  K,  Ths, 
and  doubtless  came  from  the  scene  of  Walther's  combat  with 
Gunther's  men.  Vosagus,  as  the  pass  is  called  inW,  is  traceable  to 
to  the  Vosegus's?  and  Vogesus  of  Roman  times.  Compare  Lucan, 
Pharsalia  I.  397-8 : 

"  Castraque  quae  Vogesi  curvam  super 
ardua  rupem 
Pugnaces  pictis  cohibebant  Lingones 
armis  " 

156  'Walthersage,'  73. 

157  Cf.  'Vosego,'  '  Mons  Vosegus,"  Bouguet,  i,  142;  'Nee  noQ  Argentoratum  vicinum 
castellum  ad  Vosegi  radices'  (A.D.  356)  Bouquet,  i,  715.  For  the  loc.-ition  of  the  Wasgen- 
stein near  the  village  Niedersteinbach  on  the  border  of  Alsace-Lorraine,  cf.  Scheflfel-Holder, 
S.  158  flf. 


1 94  ^A^  THER  OF  AQ  U  ITA  INE. 

with  the  description  in  W  (490  ff).  The  defile  seems  to  have  come  to 
be  regarded  later  as  extending  over  the  whole  nions  Vose^us  as  a 
district.  Hence  Wasgenstein  as  Walther's  land  in  Ths  is  only  natural 
and  consistent  with  the  later  confusion,  of  which  Ths  affords  many 
examples.  With  the  Wasgenstein  as  Walther's  land  is  connected, 
doubtless,  the  name  of  W's  sword  '  Wasge ' ;  the  account  of  his  being 
set  over  Gerimsheim  (Gernsheim  in  Hassen?)  by  Ermanric  (Ths  c. 
151) ;  of  his  presence  (as  guest?)  in  Breisach  (AT,  307) ;  of  his  German 
origin  (AT,  426) ;  and  of  his  relation  as  vassal  of  Theoderic  (AT,  11), 
This  last  conception  ofWalther  is  to  be  traced  probably  to  Upper 
Germany,  particularly  to  Alemannia,  where  Theoderic  was  regarded 
as  the  protector  of  the  Upper  Germans  against  the  Franks. 

Walther  as  Ermanric' s  Nephew. — The  conception  of  Walther  as 
the  son  of  Ermanric's  sister  in  Ths,  and  that  of  Hildegunde  as  the 
daughter  of  larl  Ilias  of  Greece  is  due  to  the  later  confusion  of  Saga 
elements  by  the  combination  of  different  cycles  into  a  great  composite 
narrative  such  as  we  have  in  the  Thidrekssaga.'sS  Walther  came 
to  be  regarded  as  Ermanric's  kinsman,  doubtless  after  the  latter 
appeared  in  the  Saga  as  Theoderic's  foe,  that  is,  from  the  tenth 
century  on. 159  The  view  that  Walther  was  connected  with  the 
Lombard  cycle  is  consistent  with  this,  inasmuch  as  Lombard  heroes 
were  regarded  as  being  at  Ermanric's  Court. 'ß"  Indeed,  the  Lombard 
conquest  of  Italy,  united  in  the  popular  mind  with  the  East 
Roman  overthrow  of  the  East  Goths  by  Justinian,  is  doubtless 
reflected  in  the  conception  of  Ermanric  as  Roman  Emperor  and 
Theoderic's  foe. 

Walther  as  a  Pole. — The  general  characteristics  of  the  Walther 
Saga  which  have  passed  over  into  the  Polish  versions,  have  preserved 
reminiscences  of  Walther's  origin  from  Kerlingen,  and  of  his  com- 
panion, the  fair  Hildegunde,  at  the  court  of  a  Prankish  ( — Burgundian) 
king,  and  of  the  hero's  great  prowess  in  combat. 

Walther  the  Htm. — In  the  'Chanson  de  Roland'  (cf  App.  ii.) 
mention  is  made  of  '  Gualtiers  de  I'Hum,'*  as  one  of  the  faithful 
defenders  of  the  cause  of  Charlemagne.  Heinzel  makes  use  of  this  as 
an  argument  for  the  conception  ofWalther  as  of  Hunish  origin.  But 
it  is  rather  to  be  interpreted  as  meaning  'Walther  from  or  of  the  Hun 
(or  Huns),'  and  thus  designating  the  most  characteristic  fact  of  his 
career ;  namely,  his  exile  among  the  Huns.  That  this  Walther 
from  the  Huns  should  fight,  as  king  of  Aquitania,  upon  the  side  of 
Charlemagne  against  the  Infidels,  is  perfectly  intellegible.  Compare 
Hadubraht's  scornful  words  to  Hildebrant,  'alter  Hun'  ('Hilde- 
brantslied,'  v.  38).    So,  in  '  Rolandslied,'  '  Walthere  the  Wigant,'  who 


158  For  the  French  elements  in  Ths,  cf.  Heinzel,  'Über  d.  Ostgoth.  Heldensage,'  W, S. 
B.  cxix,  83.        159  IHd.,  55.         160  Ibid.,  9.         *Or  de  Hums. 


IV^  L  TH  ER  OF  A  QU  I  TA  INE.  1 95 

is  slain  in  combat  and  avenged  by  Roland  (6590  (f.),  has  a  parallel  in 
'  Walfher  der  wigant '  (BD,  6423,  etc.) ;  in  '  \Valth6r  der  degen  '  (AT, 
317,  etc.);  in  'Walther  der  ellensrich '  (DF,736o,  etc.).  Compare  also, 
'  Manu  fortis'  of  Ekkehard,  and  '  Robustus,'  '  Wdaly,'  and  '  Udatny  ' 
(Procosius)  in  the  Polish  versions. 

In  the  course  of  the  discussion  based  upon  a  score  of  clearly  defined 
literary  survivals  of  the  Walther  saga,  we  have  shown  that  the 
elements  of  the  Saga  are  essentially  historical,  belonging,  for  the 
most  part,  to  the  period  of  heroic  struggle  of  the  Germanic  peoples  of 
the  West  with  the  Huns  ;  that  the  original  form  of  the  Saga  probably 
developed  as  early  as  the  fifth  century;  assumed  a  strongly  Frankish- 
Burgundian  color  of  the  Merovingian  period  in  the  Waltharius 
version ;  l>ecame  itself  the  theme  of  a  M.  H.  G.  epic  ;  was  connected 
with  the  great  heroic  cycles  of  the  'Nibelungenlied,'  of  the  epic 
accounts  of  Ermanric,  Theoderic,  and  Charlemagne.  Thus  we  have 
justified  the  view  that  Walther  of  Aquitaine  belongs  to  the  historical 
group  of  heroic  characters  with  whom  all  mediaeval  tradition  associ- 
ated him,  and  not  to  the  realm  of  myth  and  fable. 


BIBLIOGRAPHY.* 

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Bartsch,  K. — Kleine  Mittheilungen.  Germania,  xii,  p.  88.  Wien, 
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Baechtold. — Geschichte  der  deutschen  Literatur  in  der  Schweiz, 
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Becker,  Aug.— Der  Schauplatz  des  Walthariliedes.   Westermanns 

Monatshefte,  n.  344,  345.    1885. 
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,  Studien   über  die   Entstehung  der   nordischen   Götter-   und 

Heldensagen.    168  ff.    München,  1889. 

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Frankfurt  an  der  Oder,  1784.    Lips.,  1792. 


♦In  the  arrangement  of  the  works  on  the  Walther  saga,  the  alphabetical  order  has  been 
chosen  in  order  to  avoid  repetition  of  titles,  fCame  too  late  to  be  used. 


rNlVEESITl   ) 


198  WALTHER  OF  AQUITAINE. 

Fischer,  Fr.  Chr.  J. — De  prima  expeditione  Attilae  .  .  ac  de  rebus 
gestis  Waltharii.     Lips.,  1780. 

,  Continuatio  ex  manuscripto.     Lips.,  1797. 

Fischer,  Jos. — Zu  den  Waldere-Fragmenten.    Diss.    Breslau,  1886. 

Gautier,  L. — Les  Epopćes  francaises,  i,  p.  104.    Paris,  1878. 

Genthe. — Deutsche  Dichtungen  des  Mittelalters.     B.  iii.    Eisleben, 
1846. 

Gervinus. — Geschichte  der  deutschen  Dichtung,    pp.  82-85.    1871. 

Geyder,  A. — Walther  von  Aquitanien.    Eine  altdeutsche  Heldensage 
im  Versmasze  des  Nibelungenliedes.    Breslau,  1854. 

,  Anmerkungen  zum  Waltharius.     Zs.  f.  d.  A.  ix,  pp.  145-166. 

1853- 

Goedeke,  K. — Grundriss   zur  Geschichte  der  deutschen   Dichtung. 
2.  AuH.  i,  II.  ,  Dresden  1884. 

Grein,  Ch.  W.  M. — Beovulf  nebst  den  Fragmenten  Finnsburg  und 
Valdere.    p.  76  ff.    Cassel  &  Göttingen,  1867. 

Grimm,  J. — Ospirin,  die  Herchen  und  Hagano.     Altd.  Wald,  ii,  42  if. 
Frankfurt,  1815.    Cf.  Kl.  SS.  v,  286-8;  Altd.  Blätter,  ii,  324. 

,  und  ScHMELLER,  Andr. — Lateinische  Gedichte  des  x  und  xi 

Jahrhunderts,  1-126,  383-5.     Göttingen,  1838. 

Grimm,  J. — Die  Heldensage  von  Alphere  und  Walthere.    Zs.  f.  d.  A. 
V,  p.  2  ff.    Leipzig,  1845. 

,  W. — Deutsche  Heldensage.  1829.  pp.  29,  302,  367.  3  Aufl. ,1889. 

,  Zur  Geschichte  des  Reims,    p.  148. 

,  Graf  Rudolf,    ite  Aufl.  1828;  2teAufl.  1844. 

Haigh,  D.  H. — The  Anglo-Saxon  Sagas,  125  ff.     London,  1861. 

Havet,  L. — Cours  ćlśmentaire  de  mstrique  grecque  et  latine.    Paris, 
1886. 

Heinrich. — Hist,  de  la  litt,  allemande,  i,  p.  30. 

Heinzel,  Vigfusson  and  Powell — Corpus  Poeticum  Boreale.     Anz.f. 
d.  A.  xi,  p.  67  ff.    Berlin,  1885. 

Heinzel. — Ueber  die  Walthersage.    Wiener  Sitzungsberichte  cxvii. 
(Sep.,  Wien,  1888). 

d'Hzricault,  Ch. — Essai  sur  l'origine  de  l'^popce  francaise  et  sur 
son  hist,  au  moyen  äge.    Paris,  i860. 

Hvltän-Cavallius,  G.  O. — Sagan  om  Didrik  af  Bern.    Stockholm, 
1850-54. 

Jordan. — Der  epische  Vers    der    Germanen.      Frankfurt  a.  M.  u. 
Leipzig.   1868. 


WALTHER  OF  AQUITAINE.  i^y 

V.  Kaka.ian,  Th.  Gr.— l'eber  die  Hruchstiicke  eines  deutschen  Wal- 
ther  in  Strophenform  aus  dem  13.  Jahrh.  Der  Schatzjjraeber. 
Leipzig,  1S42.     Cf.  Zs.f.  d.  A.,  ii,  216  ff.;  Hagens  Germ.,  v,  114. 

Klemm. — Attila  nach  der  Geschichte,  Saga  und  Legende  dargestellt 
durch  G.  Fr.  Klemm.    Leipzig,  1S27. 

Knoop,  O. — Die  deutsche  Walthersage  und  die  polnische  Sage  von 
Walther  und  Helgunde.  1S87.  (Cf.  also  v.  Antoniewicz,  A/cf. 
A.  xiv,  112  ff.) 

KoBKKSTEiN,  A. — Gruudriss  der  Geschichte  der  deutschen  National- 
litteratur,  i,  §34.  p.  49.     51^  Aufl.  1872. 

Kć)GEL,  R. — Waltharius  Manu  Fortis.  Paul's  Grundriss  ii,  181  ff. 
Strassburg,  1S90. 

KÖLBiNG,  E.— Die  Waldere-fragmente.  Englishe  Studien,  v,  240, 
292-3.    Heilbronn,  1882. 

Lachmann,  K. — Kritik  der  Sage  von  den  Nibelungen.  Rh.  Mus.  f. 
Ph.,  iii,  435-64.    Kl.  SS.  i. 

Levser,  H.  J. — Bericht  an  d.  Mitgl.  d.  dtsch.  Gesellsch.  S.  41  ff. 
Leipzig,  1S37. 

Liebrecht. — Zur  slav.  Waltharisage.     G.  xi,  172  f. 

LiNNiG. — Walther  von  Aquitanien.  Heldengedicht  in  zwölf  Gesän- 
gen, mit  Erläuterungen  uud  Beitragen  zur  Heldensage  und 
Mythologie.    Paderborn,  1869.    2.  Aufl.  1884. 

>L\NSSEN,  W.  J. — Ekkehard,  een  verhaal  uit  de  tiende  eeuw.  Tweede 
deel,  tiende  hoofdstuk  :  het  Waltariiied.    Rotterdam,  1870. 

Massmann,  H.  F. — Walther  und  Hildegunde.  Zs.f.  d.  A.  ii,  p.  216  ff. 
Leipzig,  1842. 

DU  Meril,  E. — Poesies  populaires.    pp.  313  ff.,  428.     Paris,  1843. 

Meyer  v.  Kronai'. — Casus  S.  Galli.  285.    No.  959. 

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d.  bair.  Ak.  S.  358  ff.    München,  1873. 

Meyer,  P. — Bibl.  de  V Ecole  des  Chartes.    5,  ii,  1884-89. 

Molter,  F. — Beyträge  zur  Gesch.  und  Liter,  aus  einigen  Hss.  der 
Markgräfl.    Badischen  Bil)liothek,  pp.  212-268.    Frankfurt.  179.S. 

,  Prinz  Walther  von  Aquitainen. — Ein  Heldengedicht  aus  dem 

sechsten  Jahrhundert.  Aus  einem  lateinischen  Code.x  der 
Markgräfl.  Badischen  Bibliothek  metrisch  übersetzt.  Carls- 
ruhe, 17S2  (u.  1818).  Cf.  also  Meusel's  '  Hist.  Lit.  f.  d.  Jahr  1782,' 
370-4- 

Mcjne,  F.  J. —  Ouellett  u.  Forschungen.  S.  182  ff.  Aachen,  1S30. 
Anz.  V,  (1836),  415.    Frank/.  Archiv  ii,  92  ff. 


200  WA  L  TH  ER  OF  AQ  U  ITA  INE. 

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X,  163  ff.    Berlin.  1856. 

,  Zeugnisse   und   Excurse,   vii,  xxviii,  xxxi.     Zs.  f.  d.  A.  xü, 

264  ff.;  367  ff.;  383.    Berlin,  1865.     Cf.  Zs.f.d.A.  xxx,  232  ff. 

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1886. 

,  Zur  Mythologie  der  Grechischen  und  Deutschen  Heldensage. 

Heilbronn,  1889. 

Müller,  E. — Zum  Waltharius.    Zs.f.  d.  Ph.  ix,  p.  161  ff.    Halle,  1S78. 

Mueller,  L. — De  Re  Metrica.    Leipzig,  1861. 

Neigebaur. — Waltharius  poema  saeculi  decimi  .  .  .  Monachii,  1853. 

Napione,  G.  f.  G. — Opera  de  Piemontesi  illustri.,  t.  iv,  p.  165. 
Torino,  1784. 

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la  bibl.  roy.  de  Belgique,  ii,  1841,  pp.  45-106;  iii,  1842,  pp.  39-174; 
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H^^  L  TH  ER  OF  AQ(r[  TA  INE. 


20 1 


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dem   Lateinischen    des   Ekkehard.     ii    Band.     Stuttgart    und 

Tübingen,  1829. 
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Vogt,  F. — Zur  Salman-  Morolfsage.      Beiträge  zur  Geschichte  der 

deutschest  Sprache  und  Literature,  viii,  321  ff.     Halle,  1882. 
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,  Grundriss  zur  Geschichte  der  angelsächs.  Litteratur.  i,   123; 

iii,  296-9.    Leipzig,  1885. 
Wülcker-Grein.— Bibliothek  der  Angel-Sächsischen  Poesie,    i,  p. 

7  ff.    Kassel,  1881.* 


*  For  editions  of  the  '  Chronicon  Novaliciense '  cf.  Muratori.  'Rev.  ItaL  Script.'  II.  p.  ii, 
04-6  and  '  Antiq.  Ital.  Med.  Aevi,'  iii,  964  ff.;  Pertz,  '  Mon.  Germ.  Hist.'  vii,  73-133-  F«"' 
le  'Thidrekssaga,'  cf.  Unger,  Peringskiold,  Müller  {Sagabibliothtk),  and  v.  d.  Hagen'<i 
Wilkina-  und  Niflunga  Saga."    For  the  Polish,  cf.  texts  above. 


INDEX. 


Adrian,  132. 

-^lfhere,  3-4. 

^lfwine  (Alboin)  171-2. 

yErminrikr,  165. 

Aetius,  161-2,  166-8,  179,  190. 

^tla,  3,  131. 

Agano,  46,  132,  140. 

Aigyna,  167-8. 

Aktilia  (Aktilius)  100. 

Alf  (Half)  171. 

Alferius,  45,  132. 

Alker,  68,  149,  170,  183. 

Alldrian  (Aldrian)  94,  144,  167. 

Alphari,  192. 

Alpharius,  172,  182. 

Alpharides,   27,   29,   31-3,   37,  39, 

41-2. 
Alpharts  Tod,  2,  83,  134,  142,  150, 

^  175,  193-5- 

Alphere,  7-8,  135,  155,  166,  171-2, 
183-4,  192. 

Alpher,  192. 

Alpker,  78-9,  134. 

Arinaldus,  119-20,  137,  145,  154, 
178,  186. 

Asinarius,  57. 

Attila,  6-8,  15-16,  46,  50,  53,  (in 
Susat  cf.  178)  93-4,  98,  131-2,  136, 
139-40,  144,  152,  155.  158,  161-6, 
168,  170,  177-9,  183-4,  190-1. 

Baldur,  188-9. 

Bielski,  2,  114,  116,  137,  145,  153, 

186. 
Biterolf,  73-6,  86,  150,  187. 
Biterolf  und   Dietleib,  2,  73,   134, 

142,  150,  175,  183-4,  192-3. 
Biterwulf,  102. 
Bleda,  161. 
Bloedelin,  79. 
Boguphal  (Chronicon)  2,  105,  116, 

136,  144,  152,  155,  185. 

Camelo,  20-3,  166,  175. 
Chaerlingen,  72. 
Chararicus,  169-70. 
Childechinda,  171. 
Cundharius,  46,  52-5,  132,  140,  148. 


Deodric,  4,  165,  180. 

Desiderius,  59. 

Detzleff,  101-2. 

Didrik,  102-4. 

Dietleip,  78,  85. 

Dietric,  158. 

Dietrich,  78,  81-2,  84,  88,  165,  175, 

187. 
Dietrichs  Flucht,  2,  89,  135,  143, 

151,  175,  184,  187,  193,  195. 

Eckwart,  88. 

Eleuter,  31-2,  166. 

Ekeurid,  25,  166. 

Ekkehard  I.,  180-1,  186-7,  i95- 

Erca,  162-3,  165. 

Ercha,  104. 

Erchamboldus,  5. 

Eriricus,  45,  132. 

Erka,  98,  158. 

Ermanric,    158-9,   165,    168,   178-9, 

183-4,  187,  194-5. 
Ermenrich,  175. 
Ermentrik,  100-4. 
Erminrikr,  93, 95-6, 98,  136,  152, 155 
Ermrich,  91. 
Erpr,  99. 
Etzel  (Ezel)  64,  68-9,  72,  75,  7?-*^. 

85,  91,  132-5,  165,  180,  182-3. 

Freyja,  188. 

Geraldus,  5,  180. 

Gerimshem,  102,  194. 

Gerwicus,  29,  166,  175. 

Gibiche,  85,  87. 

Gibica,  162,  165. 

Gibicho,   6,   8,    18,    131,    139.   i55- 

165,  179. 
Gibico,  46,  132,  158.  165  (Gybichus 

46,  53)- 
Gifica, 180. 
Gotelinde,  80. 
Graz  Fragment,  2,  65,  133,  141-  i49. 

177,  181-3,  192. 
Gualtarius,  5. 
Gualterius,  173. 
Gualtiers  de  l'Hum,  124-6,  194 


204 


WAL  THER  OF  A  UQITAINE. 


Gudrun,  183. 

Guillaume  au  court  nez,  182. 
Gunderic,  159. 
Gundericus,  164. 
Gundicarius,  163-5,  i70- 
Gunlaug  Saga,  2. 
Guntharius,  6,  17,  19,  21-2,  24,  26, 
39,   42,    131,    139,    147.   158,   165, 

175.  179- 
Gunthere,  36,  139,  147. 
Günther,  69, 72,  76,  78,  80-1,  90,  132, 

149,  156,  177,  180,  183-4,  189. 
Guntiarius,  164. 
Gu^here,  3,  131,  165. 

Hadawart,  26,  116,  175. 

Hagano,  6,  8-9,  18-21,  27.  31,  33-5, 

38-42,  46,  52-5,   131,  139,  147-8, 

179-80. 
Haganus,  46. 

Hagathien,  22.  (Hagathiu  166). 
Hagen,  89,  loo-i,  155-6,  166-9,  I7i> 

175.  179-80,  182-3,  190- 
Hagena,  4,  131,  139. 
Hagene,  64-6,   72,    75,   87,    132-3, 

140.  148. 
Hagen  von  Tronege,  169. 
Hoegni  (Haugni)  94,  95,  144,  152. 
Helche,  68,  72,  75,  77,  89,  91,  133-5. 

158,  162,  165,  183. 
Helgunda,  105-9,  119-22,  136,  138, 

144,  146,  152,  154,  187. 
Heligunda,  110-18,137-8,145-6, 153. 
Helmnod,  31,  166, 175  (von  Tuscan) 

83.  175- 
Herbort,  82. 
Herche,  165. 

Heriricus,  6-8,  42,  131,  165,  169-71. 
Hermeric,  159. 
Hermericus,  164. 
Herminericus,  159. 
Hilde,  69,  133,  168,  170-1,  183,  189. 
Hildebrant,  64,  77,  80,  83-7,  194. 
Hildegulla,  100. 
Hildegunde,  i,  51,  53-4,  60,  62-3, 

67,  70,  75-6,  81-2,  142,  155-6,  166, 

168,    170-1,    176,    179-80,    182-6, 

188-9,  194- 
Hildegunna,  100. 
Hildegunt,  123,  140-1,  149. 
Hildico,  166,  170. 
Hilgunda,  46,  48. 
Hilldibrandr,  98-9. 
Hilldigundr,  93-4,  136,  144,  152. 
Hiltegunt,  65,  68-9,  71,  77,  80,  88, 

132-4- 
Hiltgunt,  6,  8,  11-12,  15,  18-20,  43, 

131,  139,  147.        ,  ,      ^ 

Hlod   and  Augantheow,  (Lay)   2, 
104. 


Horand,  187, 
Hotherus  (Hothar)  188-9. 
Hue  von  Tenemarc,  83-4. 
Hunwald,  182. 
Hyllebrandh,  103-4. 

Ildegunda,  45,  132,  140,  148. 

Ildico,  162-3,  170- 

larl  Ilias  (of  Greece)  93,  136,  184, 

194. 
Ilsam,  83. 
Isunger.  97. 
Ivaldi,  189. 

Kimo,  23,  166,  175. 
Kreka,  162-3,  ^65. 
Krimhilt,  S7-8. 

Mimming,  3,  102,  180,  189. 

Nagelring,  102. 
Nau3^ung,  98. 

Nebulones  (Franci)  54,  177. 
Nibelungenlied,  i,  6,  4,  132,  140, 
148,  167-8,  175,  177,  181,    183-4, 

192,  195- 
Niesiecki,  2,  116,  138,  146,  154,  186, 
NiS^had,  4. 
Nordungh,  104. 
Novalician   Chronicle,   i,  44,  132, 

140,  148,  177,  182,  192. 

Odhur,  188. 

Odin,  188. 

Odoacer,  160. 

Old  Swedish  Version,  100,  185. 

Ortwin  (of  Metz)  68,  99,  149,  175. 

Ospirin,  9,  51,  131,  165. 

Pandarides,  24. 

Paprocki,  2,  110,  117,  119,  137,  i45- 

153.  185-6. 
Pataurid,  27,  29,  166,  175. 
Procosius,  2,  118,  138,  146,  154,  195. 

Rabenschlacht,  2,  91,  135,  143,  151, 

184,  192-3. 
Ramunc,  80. 
Randolf,  30,  166,  175. 
Rathaldus,  60. 
Ratherius,  60. 
Reinalld,  98. 
Renaldh,  103. 
Rodgher,  103-4. 
Rosengarten,  2,  85,  135,  143.  151. 

193- 
Rosengarten  Fragments,  87,  193. 

RoJingaeir,  98. 
Ruedeger,  75,  77-82,  176. 
Runga,  98. 


IV^L  TH  ER  OF  AQ  U  ITA  INE. 


205 


Rynga,  112-13,  18,  121-2,  178,  186. 

Scaramundus,  23-4,  166,  175. 
Seveka,  103-4. 
Sifka,  98-9. 
Sifrit.  81,  87. 
St.  William,  182. 

Tanastus,  31-3,  166,  175. 
Theoderic  (the  East  Goth)  159-60, 

165, 168, 179, 181, 184-5, 191. 194-5- 
Theoderic  (the  West  Goth)  160-1. 
Theoderic  II.,  160-1. 
Thetleifer,  95-7,  152,  179. 
Thidrekssaga,  2,  93,  136,  144,  152, 

155.  177.  179.  183-94. 
ThifTrecr,  93,  97-100,  165. 
Tidrik,  103. 
Trogus,  31-3,  166,  175. 

Valdar,  104. 

Valltari    (af  Uaskasteini)   93-100, 

136,  144,  152, 
Valterus,  173. 
Vienna  Fragment,  2,  67,  133,  141, 

149,  177,  181-4,  192-3. 
Vildefer,  104,  152. 
Volkere,  67-9,  72,  183. 
Von  dem  übelen  Wibe,  123,   177, 

187. 

Waifarius,  172,  182. 

Walaricus,  174. 

Walcer,  1 14-16,  137-8,  145-6,  153, 

Walcerus,  1 10-13,  I37.  i45.  i53- 

Walcherius,  174. 

Walderada,  172. 

Waldere,  i,  3-4,  131,  139,  147,  177, 

179-81,  183-5.  190.  192- 
Waldericus,  174. 
Walaerius,  174. 
Waldgierz,  188. 
Waldhere,  172. 
Walgarius,  174. 
Walgerz  (Wdaly)  116,  118-22,  138, 

146,  154,  (Udatny)  195. 
Waltari,  172. 


Walterius,  173. 
Walterus,  173. 
Walterus    (Robustiis)    105-9,    '36, 

144,  152.  155.  ^"^1,  195- 
Walter  afFWaldsken,  100. 

"       af  Wasekensten,  100-4. 
"       (Wdaf'y)  105,  119,  1S7,  195. 
Walthari,  38,  180,  182,  192. 
Waltharius  (Waltariiis)  i,  5,  8-21, 

23-9.  33-41.  43-52,  54-61.  131-2, 

139-4S.155,  165, 169, 172-5, 177-84. 

186-7,  190-5. 
Walther  (VV^alther)  62,  65,  67,  70, 

72-6,   7S-82,    123,    127-9,    133-4. 

M0-51,  155,  165-S,  170-1,  174-6. 

182-94. 
Walthere,  172. 
Walther  von  Kerlingen,  83-4,  87, 

90,  134-5,  193. 
Waltherder  Lengesaere,9i-2,  135, 

193- 
Walther  von  Lengers,  89,  90,  135, 

193- 
Walther   von   Späne,    64,  68,  132, 

192-3- 
Walther  von  der  Vogel  weide,   i, 

1S3. 
Walther  von   dem   Wasgenstein, 

85-6,  135.  193- 
Walther  und  Hildegunde,  i,  62. 
Weland,  3-4,  30,  147,  180-1,  184-5. 
Weisung,  74. 
Wenezlan,  187. 
Widia,  4. 
Widike,  102-4, 
Willdifer,  99. 
W^ilkinasaga,  2. 

Wisław,  114-15,  121-2,  153-4,  186-7. 
Wislimierz,  111-13,  116,  154,  186-7. 
Wislomirus,  118,  154. 
Witige,  88,  90. 
Wizlan,  187. 

Wójcicki,  2,  119,  138,  146,  154,  1S6, 
Wolter,  loi. 
Wurhardus  (Ewurhardus)  24,  166, 

175- 
Wyslaus,  105,  107-9,  "*.  ^52.  156- 
178,  187. 


EKKATA. 

Page  I  read  Nibelungenlied, — p.  3  (v.  20)  ^u  /0,— p.  4  (v.  23)  /jonne 
yfle  W, — p.  5  (note)  incipit,—p.  9  (128)  rnagfia,  (141)  cepitque,—^.  12 
(251)  exilii,  (266)  Panno-,— p.  13  (299)  auram  for  aurum  P,— p.  14  (318) 
bacchica  for  bachica  P, — p.  15  (381)  merentia  for  maerentia  P,  (384) 
harena  for  arena  P, — p.  16  (416)  strages,  (421)  accersilas,  (429)  Pan- 
nonica, — p.  18  (4S1)  łardałe,  (490)  tum  for  tunc  P,— p.  20  (585)  uolat 
rapidoque, — p.  21  (615)  recepto, — p.  22  (631)  praelia  for  proelia  P,  (634) 
consistant,  {6Tß) propinquin  for -quum  P, — p.  2Ą(-]\o) pre-  for  prae-  P, — 
P-  25  (756)  Sax-, — p.  27  (S21)  Hec  for  Haec  P. — p.  29  (924)  tela,  (931) 
cuspis  for  cuspes  P, — p.  35  (1130)  Phebus  for  Phoebus  P,  (1141)  con- 
Pexibus,  (1160)  hac  for  ac, — p.  36  (1165)  ad  for  at,  (11S8)  Olimpo  for 
Olympo  P, — p.  37  (1204)  pre-  for  prae-  P,  (1231)  Protinus  for  Protenus 
P, — p.  38  (1257)  Quippe, — p.  40  (1328)  citius,  (1330)  saeui,  (1350)  Ilico, — 
p.  41  (1386)  leuis  for  laeuis  P, — p.  42  (1404)  Auarenses,  (1406)  tergentes 
for  tergentis  P. 

Read  con-  for  com-  P  in  \V  vv.  140.  141,  144.  274.  287,  1126;  and  in- 
for  im-  P  vv.  178,  1336. 

Page  44  read  stegmate,  perpulcrum,  monacorum,  variants, — p.  45 
scole,  monacorum,  extenditque,  vero, — p.  50  horreret, — p.  52  reliquo- 
rum.  Vespere, — p.  53  oculos,  Ilico, — p.  54  nunciare, — p.  56  monasterio, 
oportunis,  skillia, — p.  57  sumptui,  invasionem,  ut  celerius, — p.  58 
ferens,  Waltharius,  inquid,  summens,  predatores,  iniuriam,  calcia- 
menta, — p.  59  inportunis,  calciamenta,  ilico,  penetentiam,  leto,  ez'O. 
I'ultu, — p.  60  discipline,  que,  in  summitatt, prenominata  for  premonita, 
teporem  for  temporem, — p.  61  ante  for  aute,  pretaxata, — p.  64  unt, 
träten,  caesura  before  so  in  358.  2.  3. — p.  66  omit  )  after  swichen, — p. 
68  (6.  3)  gvte,  (7.  3)  gesehen, — p.  69  (19.  4)  ock, — p.  70  (i.  4)  mvlich.  (2.  3) 
kvene,  (2.  4)  kr&ne,  (3.  2)  gi'ter,  (4.  4)  vd, — p.  71  (9.  3)  verren  vnde  nahen 
man  der  \o%ele  vie, — 72  (16.  4)  vn, — p.  73  der  for  de, — p.  74  hiubel  an 
der  hant,  sdzen  for  szaen, — p.  75  fridemeister, — p.  76  die  sint, — p.  77 
mir  die  tohter, — p.  78  also  gemuot, — p.  80  müezens  ««5  die,  getan, — 
p.  81  Waltheres,  dr'izic, — p.  82  Dietrichen,—]^.  S3  münech,  hin, — p.  84 
miinich, — p.  86  grdzer,  Wasgensteine, — p.  87  mit, — p.  88  cf.  Graff 
Wallther  von  Waxenstein  (Zeitschrift  11.  243 ff.);  and  U'alth"  em 
helt  VÖ  Kerling  {Zeitschrift  11.552).  Eckwart.— ^.  93  Thidreks- 
saga, — p.  96  U.  for  N.,  vii  for  viii,  herra  havu'T, — p.  97  Xv  for  Ov, 
pidricr  for  /n^icr,  rid  for  np, — p.  99  oc  for  ok, — p.  106  fluminis, — 
p.  107  anxiata, — p.  108  amasio, — p.  110  Paprocki,  pisana,  ono 
szcziście,  Tam  m.u, — p.  iii  Niemiec,  kröleivicowi,  dodawała, — p. 
112  Walcerowćj  ża?ujac  schroni?  do  komory,  także,— c.  113  ale. 
uczynił,  zraki, — p.  115  poimawszy,  nad  nim, — p.  116  comma  after 
Paprocki,  przy  for  przyy  and  prr>-,  na  kamieniu,  w  roku    1242.  St. 


208 


WALTHER  OF  AQUITAINE. 


Benedicfi,  nauka  (in  note), — p.  123  hagenöüechhi, — p.  124  add  note  ; 
Reprinted  from  Gautier,  '  La  Chanson  de  Roland,'  Douziśme  Edition, 
— p.  125  Respunt  iox  Rcspunt, — p.  127,  3271  for  3217,  (3376)  werthett, — 
p.  131  (3)  who  is  too  young, — p.  158  patentes  for  potentes(?), — p.  160 
Theoderic, — p.  161  for  variant  dates  of  Attila's  rule  ;  cf.  Jahn,  '  Gesch. 
d.  Burg.,'  i,  340  ff., — p,  162  TtEßißo\ov,  evfJvrr/Ta,  ya/iiErr}?,  Sspdna- 
ivai,  dvTiKpv,  vTte^^Etv,  oiurj^ara,  wv  vol?,  (ppovpoH,  TOnov, 
'ÄTTi'fXa, — p.  163  rjiudz,  8e  to,  dslzvov, — p.  166  cf.  the  names  Agano 
of  St.  Maurice  anno  523  (Pardessus  103,  104  (genuineness  of  document 
questioned)  and  Agione.  P.  Diac,  D.G.  L.,  vi,  i.  3, — p.  168  römischen 
Generale, — p.  169  cf.  Hereric  (Beowulf,  2207), — p.  171  ^Ifhere  (Beo- 
wulf, 2605), — p.  173  Frankish-Gallic, — p,  174  proviovere, — p.  175  'der 
Junge,'  'EAev'^epoi. 


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